scholarly journals Origanum majoranaEssential Oil Lacks Mutagenic Activity in theSalmonella/Microsome and Micronucleus Assays

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea dos Santos Dantas ◽  
Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior ◽  
Miriana S. Machado ◽  
Temenouga N. Guecheva ◽  
Luciana D. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Chromosome Mutation ◽  
Origanum Majorana

The present study aimed to investigate thein vitromutagenic activity ofOriganum majoranaessential oil. The most abundant compounds identified by GC-MS wereγ-terpinene (25.73%),α-terpinene (17.35%), terpinen-4-ol (17.24%), and sabinene (10.8%). Mutagenicity was evaluated by theSalmonella/microsome test using the preincubation procedure on TA98, TA97a, TA100, TA102, and TA1535Salmonella typhimuriumstrains, in the absence or in the presence of metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity was detected at concentrations higher than 0.04 μL/plate in the absence of S9 mix and higher than 0.08 μL/plate in the presence of S9 mix and no gene mutation increase was observed. For thein vitromammalian cell micronucleus test, V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were used. Cytotoxicity was only observed at concentrations higher than or equal to 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, when tested in noncytotoxic concentrations,O. majoranaessential oil was not able to induce chromosome mutation. The results from this study therefore suggest thatO. majoranaessential oil is not mutagenic at the concentrations tested in theSalmonella/microsome and micronucleus assays.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenic activity of the pesticides: actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac in the Ames test

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazira S Karamova ◽  
Alexandra P Denisova ◽  
Zenon Stasevski
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
S9 Fraction

The mutagenic activity of five pesticides actara, sencor, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac widely used for treatment of potato plant lands in Tatarstan was tested in the Ames test. The non toxic concentrations of the pesticides determined in preliminary cytotoxicty test were used in the Ames assay. Pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb, fastac did not show mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without rat liver S9 fraction. The weak mutagenic effect of herbicide sencor was established at concentration 1 ug/plate. Metabolic activation in vitro using rat liver S9 fraction decreased the mutagenic activity of sencor and did not alter the mutagenicity rate of the pesticides actara, mospilan, pencozeb and fastac.

Mutagenic Activity of p-Toluenesulfonhydrazide

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Blakey ◽  
Earle R. Nestmann ◽  
Janet M. Bayley ◽  
K. Laurie Maus ◽  
George R. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ovary Cells

Toluenesulfonhydrazide (TSH) is a high volume production chemical for which there is relatively little toxicological data. In this study, the mutagenic activity of TSH was determined in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay and the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. TSH induced gene mutations both with and without metabolic activation in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay but that it did not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results of this study indicate that TSH is an in vitro mutagen and should be assessed for in vivo mutagenicity.

Genetic Toxicity Studies of the Ketogenic Ester Bis Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182199177
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Stubbs ◽  
Andrey I. Nikiforov ◽  
Marisa O. Rihner ◽  
Sari Weston ◽  
Nancy Higley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Genetic Toxicity ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

A series of studies was conducted to assess the genetic toxicity of a novel ketone ester, bis hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (herein referred to as BH-BD), according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development testing guidelines under the standards of Good Laboratory Practices. In bacterial reverse mutation tests, there was no evidence of mutagenic activity in any of the Salmonella typhimurium strains tested or in Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA, at dose levels up to 5,000 μg/plate in the presence or absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver (S9 mix) for metabolic activation. In the in vitro micronucleus test using human TK6 cells, BH-BD did not show a statistically significant increase in the number of cells containing micronuclei when compared with concurrent control cultures at all time points and at any of the concentrations analyzed (up to 100 μg/mL, final concentration in culture medium), with and without S9 mix activation. In the in vivo micronucleus test using Sprague Dawley rats, BH-BD did not show a statistically significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes relative to the vehicle control group. Therefore, BH-BD was concluded to be negative in all 3 tests. These results support the safety assessment of BH-BD for potential use in food.

The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
Erzsébet Béres ◽  
Adél Vértesi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Frank ◽  
Ilona Pasics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Structural Chromosome

L-(+)-ergothioneine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo and has uses as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in foods, cosmetics, and as a pharmaceutical additive. The clastogenic potential and mutagenic of ergothioneine were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Ergothioneine concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL, with and without metabolic activation, was tested in the chromosome aberration assay with CHL cells and found not to induce structural chromosome aberrations. In the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, ergothioneine was administered orally to male mice at doses up to 1500 mg/kg for potential genotoxic activity. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed.  Overall, ergothioneine was not genotoxic in these studies and provides additional experimental evidence supporting the safety of its use as a potential dietary supplement.

MUTAGENIC EVALUATION OF 1,1,2,3-TETRACHLORO-2- PROPENE, A CONTAMINANT IN PULP MILL EFFLUENTS, USING A BATTERY OF IN VITRO MAMMALIAN AND MICROBIAL TESTS

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ellenton ◽  
George R. Douglas ◽  
Earle R. Nestmann
Keyword(s):  
Cho Cells ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Liver Preparation ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

The mutagenicity of 1,1,2,3-tetrachloro-2-propene (TCP), a component of chlorinated pulp mill effluents, was investigated with a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial assays. In fluctuation tests, TCP showed potent mutagenic activity with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 but only very weak activity with Escherichia coli WP2. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, TCP without metabolic activation induced chromosome aberrations. This activity was enhanced by the addition of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver preparation (S9). Endoreduplication was also induced by TCP in the presence of S9. Without activation, TCP caused an increase in the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), however this increase was eliminated by S9. TCP did not cause DNA damage in CHO cells as measured by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation either with or without metabolic activation.

Acute and Genotoxic Profile of a Dimeric Impurity of Cefotaxime

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Upendra Bhatnagar ◽  
Navin Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
A Cell

The manufacturing and storage of cefotaxime produces different impurities of various concentrations, which may influence the efficacy and safety of the drugs. Because no report of toxicity data is available on the impurities of cefotaxime, the present acute and genotoxicity studies were designed and conducted to provide the information for establishing the safety profile and qualification of the dimeric impurity. Histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 strains, with or without metabolic activation (S-9), were used for point-mutation tests. Neither increase in numbers of revertants, indicative of mutagenic activity, nor inhibition of bacterial growth, indicative of cytotoxicity, was observed when the dimeric impurity of cefotaxime at concentrations of 0.62, 1.85, 5.56, 16.67, and 50 μg/plate was incorporated into plates containing S. typhimurium bacterial strains. Cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at a cell density of 2 × 105 cells per culture were exposed to the dimeric impurity of cefotaxime at the concentration of 11.25, 22.5, and 45 mg per culture, with or without metabolic activation, and harvested at 18 h after exposure. No chromosomal aberrations in the cultured mammalian cells were recorded. Acute intramuscular administration of the dimeric impurity of cefotaxime in Sprague-Dawley rats did not result in any clinical signs and gross pathological changes up to 2000 mg/kg-body weight. The results of these studies indicated that the dimeric impurity of cefotaxime is nonmutagenic in Ames test, nonclastogenic in vitro, and acutely nontoxic in rats.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Guided Essential Oil Composition of Flowering Twigs of Stevia rebaudiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavleen S Mann ◽  
Vijai K Agnihotri ◽  
Dharmesh Kumar ◽  
Probir K Pal ◽  
Rajkesh Koundal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Glioma

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering twigs of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) was fractioned by chromatography. Forty-three constituents were characterized with the help of GC, GC-MS and other spectroscopic techniques. The essential oil was found to be a complex mixture of mono- and sesqui-terpenes. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil and its fractions was evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) based assay against two cancer cell types viz. C-6 (rat glioma cells) and CHOK1 (Chinese hamster ovary cells). The essential oil and its fractions showed promising cytotoxicity against both cell lines. The highest activity (95.6±0.6%) was show by the essential oil on the C-6 cell line at a concentration of 400 μg/mL, which was comparable with that of the standard drug vinblastin.

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

8. Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis

Snow fungus, Tremella fuciformis, has been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits including purported chemopreventive properties due to free radical-scavenging ability. Protective effects derived from snow fungus polysaccharides are evaluated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL-39) exposed to carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene known to cause free radical formation and oxidative stress to cells. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the naturally occurring polysaccharides in snow fungus are able to protect against or reduce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Polysaccharides were isolated through an alkaline extraction and in-vitro digestion. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and polysaccharide extract to lung fibroblasts. Results were calculated using the mean and standard deviation data of tail length and area, respectively. Each damaged cell was measured and analyzed through ImageJ Editing Software. The results indicate a promising trend which depict snow fungus polysaccharides yielding lower levels of DNA damage compared to cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and compared to the negative control (phosphate buffered saline and Dulbecco’s cell medium). This study suggests polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis could truly prevent cellular DNA damage by protecting against oxidative stress.

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