Characterizing the complex influence of the urban built environment on the dynamic population distribution of Shenzhen, China, using geographically and temporally weighted regression

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110179
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Rongrong Li ◽  
Jionghua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Population

Big data can provide new insights for smart city planning. This study exploits mobile-phone locating-request (MPLR) data as a proxy for real-time intra-urban population distribution. It models the relationship between the dynamic population distribution and the urban built environment using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), which can account for spatial and temporal non-stationarity simultaneously. A case study is undertaken based on MPLR records in Shenzhen, China and points of interest-based urban environment data aggregated to grid zones. Compared with previous models, GTWR yields a better result. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal coefficients are analyzed and compared. The results suggest that the patterns of urban population distribution are more complex during weekends than during weekdays. The coefficients of the company density variable are significantly higher during weekdays than weekends, while the coefficients associated with residential buildings are lower during weekday afternoons. Hence, the urban built environment plays an important role in the dynamic distribution of the population at different times. The findings show that the GTWR model in combination with MPLR and points of interest-based urban environment data can assist urban planners in gaining a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the population distribution, thereby providing potential inputs to the rational allocation of public resources over space and time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of economic efficiency of the state programme of renovation of residential buildings in Moscow

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kolobova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Definition Of

Renovation of housing estate in Moscow is aimed at prevention of growth of the hazardous dwelling in Moscow, development of the housing estate and their improvement. The programme of renovation is adopted for the period up to 2032 and it will allow eliminating the imbalance of development of the urban environment, which is saved up for the last decades, on the other hand it will prevent mass emergency housing estate in Moscow in the next 10-15 years. Updating of the housing estate is to be based on the development of infrastructure, on the creation of additional conditions for human development, on the ecology, providing complex development of the territory according to the modern requirements to the urban environment. The economic efficiency of renovation of the housing estate will be estimated with the use of indicators of increase in the consumer quality of apartments, blocks of flats, residential districts. The method of calculation of economic effect of renovation before delivery of inhabited and non-residential premises for rent is developed for the definition of payback period and the potential monthly cost of the rent after renovation of buildings. The offered method allows estimating the efficiency of organizational actions of the state programme and it is only a part of assessment of the overall economic efficiency. The offered technique of assessment of economic efficiency of renovation will allow making economically reasonable decisions during various stages of city-planning activity: during preliminary preparation, during planning of the territory, during development and the approval of the design and estimate documentation.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Influence of Urban Environment on Taxi Ridership Using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Shunzhi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Grid Unit ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Conventional Models

Taxicabs play an important role in urban transit systems, and their ridership is significantly influenced by the urban built environment. The intricate relationship between taxi ridership and the urban environment has been explored using either conventional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or geographically weighted regression (GWR). However, time constitutes a significant dimension, particularly when analyzing spatiotemporal hourly taxi ridership, which is not effectively incorporated into conventional models. In this study, the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was applied to model the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hourly taxi ridership, and visualize the spatial and temporal coefficient variations. To test the performance of the GTWR model, an empirical study was implemented for Xiamen city in China using a set of weekday taxi pickup point data. Using point-of-interest (POI) data, hourly taxi ridership was analyzed by incorporating it to various spatially urban environment variables based on a 500 × 500 m grid unit. Compared to the OLS and GWR, the GTWR model obtained the best performance, both in terms of model fit and explanatory accuracy. Moreover, the urban environment was revealed to have a significant impact on taxi ridership. Road density was found to decrease the number of taxi trips in particular places, and the density of bus stops competed with taxi ridership over time. The GTWR modelling provides valuable insights for investigating taxi ridership variation as a function of spatiotemporal urban environment variables, thereby facilitating an optimal allocation of taxi resources and transportation planning.

Parkour, Masculinity, and the City

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Kidder
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
The People ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Performance Of Gender ◽  
Spatial Appropriation ◽  
The City ◽  
A Performance

Parkour is a new, and increasingly popular, sport in which individuals athletically and artistically negotiate obstacles found in the urban environment. In this article, I position parkour as a performance of masculinity involving spatial appropriation. Through ethnographic data I show how young men involved in the sport use the city (both the built environment and the people within it) as a structural resource for the construction and maintenance of gender identities. The focus of my research highlights the performance of gender as a spatialized process.

Bike your City: Planning and Designing Cycling Infrastructure in the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jack J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Graphical Design ◽  
The City

<p>Cycling is a memory of the past for most of us, the lack of support from the authorities on the cycling infrastructure made it difficult to attract people to cycle in the city. Urban sprawl, traffic congestion, car dependency, environmental pollution and public health concerns have pressured cities around the world to consider reintegrating cycling into the urban environment.  Design as a research method was utilised to investigate the effectiveness of design methodology and workflow for cycling infrastructure from an architecture and design perspective. Using Wellington City as a design case study, this research aimed to improve the legibility, usability and the image of cycling as a mode of transport in the city. To achieve this, a customisable graphical design framework and branding strategies were developed to structure and organise the design components within cycling infrastructure. The findings from the iterative design processes were visualised through the appropriate architectural and presentation conventions.  This research provided an unique architectural perspectives on the issues of cycling infrastructure; the results would support the transportation advisers and urban planners to further the development and integration of cycling, as a viable mode of transport, within the city.</p>

scholarly journals A National-Scale Assessment of Population and Built-Environment Exposure in Tsunami Evacuation Zones

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ryan Paulik ◽  
Heather Craig ◽  
Benjamin Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Environment Exposure

Evacuation zones are a critical tool for mitigating loss of life in tsunami events. In New Zealand, tsunami evacuation zones are implemented by emergency management agencies at regional or sub-regional scales, providing national coverage for populated coastlines at risk to tsunami inundation. In this study, we apply the exposure component of a risk model framework (RiskScape) to deliver a first national-scale assessment of New Zealand’s population and built-environment exposure in tsunami evacuation zones. Usually-resident populations, buildings, land and transport network components are identified at an asset level and enumerated at national and regional scales. Evacuation zones are occupied by just under 10% of New Zealand’s population, residing in 399,000 residential buildings. These are supported by a further 5400 critical buildings and 6300 km of road transport network. Approximately 40% of exposed populations and buildings occupy evacuation zones expected to be inundated once every 500 years. This includes over 150,000 people in highly vulnerable age groups, i.e., children and elderly. The complex arrangement of built environments highlights a need for disaster risk managers to proactively identify and prepare populations for evacuation based on their vulnerability to harm from tsunami and ability to access resources for recovery after the event.

scholarly journals LIFESTYLE, ARCHITECTURE AND QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
Viktor P. GENERALOV ◽  
Elena M. GENERALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Compact City ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The study reveals the aspects that defi ne the concept of “lifestyle”, including the main categories: standard of living, lifestyle, quality of life and lifestyle. Insuffi cient knowledge of the mutual infl uence of people’s “lifestyle” on the typological structure of apartments and residential buildings, on the quality of the urban environment is emphasized. The infl uence of the level of urbanization of the city territory on the characteristics of the “urban lifestyle” is considered. Problematic issues are raised related to the debate on the relationship between building density and comfort and the quality index of the living environment. The main directions of fundamental research in the fi eld of architecture, aimed at the development of new types of buildings, are touched upon. The emphasis is made on the methods of using high-rise buildings for the humanization of the urban environment and the formation of a modern “compact city”.

scholarly journals An insight into the quality of internal built environment in Vladivostok. Part 1: Studying background radiation in residential premises

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Drozd ◽  
Valery V. Temchenko ◽  
Yuri V. Chubov ◽  
Vladimir N. Kustov ◽  
Kirill S. Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Background Gamma Radiation

Introduction. The article addresses background gamma radiation in residential premises of apartment buildings in Vladivostok. This study is based on earlier research undertakings focused on the sick building syndrome (SBS), which proves its high relevance. The research is focused on the intensity of background gamma radiation in the residential premises of apartment buildings in Vladivostok. New data obtained in the course of the field experiments, the scale of their analysis, the coverage of substantive issues concerning radiation intensity and its monitoring in residential buildings guarantee the novelty of this research project. These findings also have a practical value that deals with environmental safety. Materials and methods. Onsite examinations were conducted in the form of background gamma radiation measurements taken in versatile apartment buildings, built at different times and made of different materials. Results. This section contains analytical information about the lack of influence of the location of apartment buildings on background radiation inside the apartments examined within the framework of this research project. Measurement results represent a range of values depending on construction materials used. Principal regularities, derived from the measurement results, are based on the time of operation of residential buildings, which is of practical importance. Conclusions. Patterns of influence of building parameters on background radiation inside apartments allow to assess the condition of residential buildings. Background radiation information can be entered into BIM databases and used to formulate the approach to the design of buildings and urban infrastructure so that they were focused on their residents and users. Background radiation research findings, entered into the database and contributed to design algorithms which are customized to the needs of urban residents, will enable designers to project the overall quality of the living environment encompassing the built environment analyzed in this article and other nearby buildings and structures located in Vladivostok.

scholarly journals The Jewish population of Sofia in the 18th century according to the documents of the kadi’s court

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Anna A. Leontyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Initial Stage

The Jewish were one of the most numerous ethnic groups among the urban population of the Ottoman Empire’s Balkan provinces, and the Jewish community in Bulgaria is one of the oldest in Europe. In the Ottoman state, the co-existence of different religious representatives as determined by the millet system, which was adopted by the Ottoman Turks from other Muslim states and developed at the initial stage of the Empire's existence. It assumed a certain autonomy for religious communities. The Jewish community had its own religious court, beit-din, with the help of which civil cases were resolved. The Jewish Religious Court forbade representatives of the Jewish community from appealing to the Sharia courts on issues within its competence. However, if the parties to a legal dispute were a zimmi (i.e. non-Muslims) and a Muslim, then the dispute should have been unconditionally considered in a Sharia court with the application of the norms of Islamic law. An analysis of the kadi court’s documents related to the cases of representatives of other confessions makes it possible to draw some conclusions about their occupations and the degree of integration into the urban society of Sofia. So, we can refute the thesis about the semi-autonomous existence of Jewish quarters in Balkan cities – we can talk about the erosion of the ethnic isolation of the places of residence of Jews in Sofia, and their active settlement, first of all, traditionally Christian quarters. An analysis of the source allows us to conclude that Jews actively interacted with representatives of other religions, participating in transactions for the sale of property with Muslims, while often it was not so much about the sale of residential buildings but about investing capital. A large number of shop sales deals testifies to the fact that members of the Jewish community had an active business life.

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