scholarly journals Is AJCC/UICC Staging Still Appropriate for Head and Neck Cancers in Developing Countries?

OTO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2093831
Author(s):  
Johannes J. Fagan ◽  
Julie Wetter ◽  
Jeffrey Otiti ◽  
Joyce Aswani ◽  
Anna Konney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
African Countries ◽  
International Union ◽  
Do So

By 2030, 70% of cancers will occur in developing countries. Head and neck cancers are primarily a developing world disease. While anatomical location and the extent of cancers are central to defining prognosis and staging, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Union Against Cancer (UICC) have incorporated nonanatomic factors that correlate with prognosis into staging (eg, p16 status of oropharyngeal cancers). However, 16 of 17 head and neck surgeons from 13 African countries cannot routinely test for p16 status and hence can no longer apply AJCC/UICC staging to oropharyngeal cancer. While the AJCC/UICC should continue to refine staging that best reflects treatment outcomes and prognosis by incorporating new nonanatomical factors, they should also retain and refine anatomically based staging to serve the needs of clinicians and their patients in resource-constrained settings. Not to do so would diminish their global relevance and in so doing also disadvantage most of the world’s cancer patients.

scholarly journals Filipino head and neck cancer patients and their quality of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Frederic Ivan L. Ting ◽  
Aylmer Rex B. Hernandez ◽  
Reno Eufemon P. Cereno ◽  
Irisyl B. Orolfo-Real ◽  
Corazon A. Ngelangel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>In the management of head and neck cancer (HNC), assessment of quality of life (QoL) is imperative because of the potentially debilitating effect of treatment toxicities. Currently, there are no published data assessing the QoL in Filipino HNC patients, thus this study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>This cross-sectional study utilized the University of the Philippines - Department of Health Quality of Life scale. Patients with head and neck cancers at the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital from February to September 2019 were invited to participate.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>A total of 418 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 42 years old (range 18 to 73 years old). In general, Filipino head and neck cancer patients had moderate QoL (mean score of 4.59±0.79). All of the QoL domains (physical, emotional, cognitive, and related functions) had a score of 3-5 (moderate), except for the social status domain which had a mean score of 5.51±0.83 (high). Among socio-demographic factors, patients who are employed and with additional funding sources on top of their income have better global QoL (p&lt;0.01). Clinically, patients with higher stages of disease, fungating tumors, post-laryngectomy, have a feeding tube, with a tracheostomy, and had chemotherapy have lower global QoL (p&lt;0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Filipino patients with head and neck cancers have an overall moderate quality of life, with high scores in the social domain. Patients with higher tumor burdens and have been exposed to chemotherapy have lower QoL scores, while patients with financial stability and aid have better QoL scores.</p><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Head and Neck Cancers in African Populations: A Systematic Review

OTO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2094220
Author(s):  
Eyituoyo Okoturo ◽  
Anslem Osasuyi ◽  
Taofiq Opaleye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
African Populations

Objective Head and neck cancers are mostly composed of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence and mortality of HNSCC are higher in countries with emerging health care systems, particularly Africa. Given that they are more genetically diverse, characterization of polymorphism in African HNSCC may result in the identification of distinct molecular targets as compared with the known HNSCC candidate genes. This study objective is to review the current evidence of genetic data on HNSCC among African populations as well as to demonstrate any distinctions as compared with known candidate genes and to appraise any research gaps. Data Sources Publications that interrogated susceptible gene polymorphisms to African-based populations with cancer were reviewed for this study. Review Methods Our search methodology was modeled after the Cochrane systematic review protocol, which included MeSH terms and keywords related to cancer, polymorphisms, and African countries. Results Seven articles studying 2 HNSCC cancer types in 3 of 54 African countries met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen polymorphisms from 10 genes were screened ( NOS3, CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NAT1, NAT2, NQO1, IL-10, IL-12, IL-8, COX2). All articles were screened for polymorphisms based on a polymerase chain reaction–based technique. All polymorphs suggested association to HNSCC, with 10 of 13 polymorphs demonstrating a statistically significant association. Conclusion Studies on known HNSCC candidate genes should be undertaken in Africa, particularly among sub-Saharan Africans. Importantly, these studies should be large scale with multiple HNC sites and with use of high-throughput methods.

scholarly journals Molecular screening in advanced cancer patients with head and neck cancers: A retrospective analysis of the MOSCATO-01 trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. viii378-viii379
Author(s):  
A. Houessinon ◽  
L. Verlingue ◽  
A. Hollebecque ◽  
C. Even ◽  
L. Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Head and neck carcinoma and its association with environmental factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Brijesh Kumar ◽  
Anirudh Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cancer of head and neck are the 6<sup>th</sup> most common cancer worldwide, with an increasing frequency in developing countries. In India head and neck cancers account for 30-40% cancer at all sites. Head and neck cancers are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in older age groups. The lack of awareness, unavailability of proper screening facilities in rural population and use of carcinogenic addiction are the cause for high prevalence of cancer of head and neck in developing countries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study on head and neck carcinoma and its association with environmental factors was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head- Neck surgery, N. S. C. B. MCH, Jabalpur from January 2016 to January 2017.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence is found to be significantly high in carcinoma oral cavity which is 45.5% followed by carcinoma larynx (30%). These are affecting male more than female with ratio of 6:1, in the age group of 4<sup>th</sup> to 6<sup>th</sup> decade, living in low socioeconomic strata. Majority are associated with tobacco chewing (33.3%) followed by smoking (25.5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is concluded that patients usually present to a tertiary care centre at advanced stages. This can be attributed to lack of awareness and unavailability of proper medical facilities in rural population. There should be awareness about disease, health education in community about carcinogenic substances like tobacco, smoking, alcohol etc., proper medical facilities in low socioeconomic strata to reduce the burden of carcinomas.</p><p> </p>

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer cofactors: Viral co-infections, second cancers, and survival trends—A single Veterans Administration (VA) institution.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17531-e17531
Author(s):  
George Anthony Dawson ◽  
Yue Hua Zhang ◽  
Angela Laurio ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Michael Dellatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Field Cancerization ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Second Cancers ◽  
Hpv Status

e17531 Background: Oropharyngeal cancers related to HPV are increasing in number. Common factors associated with HPV related head and neck cancers include ethnicity, young age, and low usage of alcohol and tobacco. All are typical of HPV+ related Oropharyngeal cancer in non-VA populations. Methods: This IRB approved chart review of 73 documented patients with Oropharyngeal cancers from co-HPV infections from 01/01/2011 - 12/31/2016. In this version of report we discuss second cancers, trends and other co-factors. Results: Overall trend was notable for a reversal (more HPV+ / less HPV- ) cases. All cancers were squamous cell variety. 2011 /2012 /2013/ 2014/2015/2016 HPV +: 4 / 4 / 0 / 6 / 11 / 7. HPV -: 6 / 8 / 4 / 8 / 6 / 5. Clinical stage: Evident adenopathy - (N2 to N3) was noted in 51/73(70%) cases: HPV+ 30/36 (83%) / HPV- 21/37(57%). As noted, there are ~40 co-factor events in each group with no clear association with HPV + or – status numbers of cases were too small for meaningful analysis. Second Cancers HPV+: PROSTATE 7 / BLADDER 2 / TESTICULAR 1 / RENAL 1 / LUNG 1 / SKIN 4. HPV- : FOM 2 / LARYNX 2 / TONSILLAR 1 / PAROTID 1 / BLADDER 1 / SKIN 5 / PROSTATE 1 / LUNG 1. Survival data results: There was evidence in our data that survival was prolonged in patients who are HPV negative, but this sample was too small to show statistical significance. Further, it appears white race improves the odds of survival p-value 0.073, however, not statistically significant, due to the small sample. Conclusions: As in the non-VA community, our data noted an increase in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers treated at the Bronx VA during review period. Further, our HPV+ group had predominant advanced adenopathy, and whites had longer survival regardless of HPV status. Second cancers in HPV- group followed field cancerization effects in regards number new or old head / neck cancer events. Interestingly, with almost equal tobacco / alcohol use in both groups, no 2nd head and neck cancers in the HPV+ group were discovered. Potential immuno-protection for HPV+ 2nd h and N cancers.[Table: see text]

Radiotherapy quadrant doses in oropharyngeal cancer treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Patel ◽  
Laia Humbert-Vidan ◽  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Isabel Sassoon ◽  
Mark McGurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Head And Neck Radiotherapy

Dental assessment prior to head and neck radiotherapy (RT) is a mandatory requirement. Treatment recommendations are based on perceived doses to the jaw; however, these are poorly understood. In the pre-RT dental assessment phase, oropharyngeal cancer patients present with more teeth than other head and neck cancer patients. Hence, prior knowledge of likely RT doses specific to the dentition would allow the dental oncologist to provide a patient centred dental treatment plan. Identifying dental regions at risk of osteoradionecrosis from post-radiotherapy events provides invaluable information.

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