scholarly journals Trypsin-like activity in the vaginal epithelial cells of the rat.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Havran ◽  
G Oster
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Colored Product

Rat vaginal epithelial cells have trypsin-like activity as shown by the formation of a colored product when the cells are incubated with alpha-N-methyl alpha-N-toxyl-L-lysine beta-naphthol ester and hexazotized pararosanilin. This enzyme activity in vaginal smears is maximal at proestrus, i.e., the day in the 5-day estrus cycle when plasma estrogen is maximal. Only the rounded nucleated epithelial cells present at late diestrus, proestrus and early estrus demonstrate the trypsin-like enzyme activity. These are the cells that stain blue in the Papanicolaou method. Preincubation of cell suspensions with the serine protease inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl p-guanidino benzoate, prevented the enzyme staining reaction, further demonstrating the trypsin-like nature of the cellular enzyme. The advantages of this enzyme staining technique over the fibrin plate method for the demonstration of trypsin-like enzymes in cells are increased resolution and ability to show trypsin inhibitor effects.

scholarly journals Vaginal swab cytology aplication to determine the estrus cycle of lowland anoa (bubalus depressicornis, smith, 1927) in captivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Anita Mayasari ◽  
Ady Suryawan ◽  
Margaretta Christita ◽  
Adven Tri Joy Simamora ◽  
Abinawanto Abinawanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Mating Time

Anoa is an endemic species of Indonesia that is listed as endangered in the IUCN Redlist list and also included in the Appendix I CITES. Anoa’s reproduction have been constraint due to their natural behaviour. This animal is a solitary animal, monogamous, wild and aggressive, Incorrect mating time can lead the into a fight between the male and female. Information about the estrus cycle is very important in determining the optimal mating time for anoa. The study aim is to determine the estrus cycle of anoa based on behaviour and change in the vaginal epithelial cells. Behavioural data were observed by focal animal sampling technique to 3 female anoas in Anoa Breeding Center Manado during January-August 2017 at 07.00-17.00 CIT. Vaginal swabs cytology was done during July-August 2017 in the morning and afternoon by using terilized cotton swab and Giemsa stain. The vaginal swabs cytology techniques with Giemsa staining can be used to determine the changes in epithelial cells and confirm the estrus phase of anoa. Based on vaginal cytology the length of the estrus cycle of each individual anoa at the Anoa Breeding Center is different. At Manis the lengt of estrus cycle ranges 23 days, Rita 15 days, Denok 21 days and Ana is unidentified

scholarly journals Effect of oestrogen on Pasteurella pneumotropica in rat vagina

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamada ◽  
J. Mizoguchi ◽  
T. Ohtaki
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Intact Rats

The effects of ovarian hormones on the vaginal population of Pasteurella pneumotropica in rats were investigated. Specified-pathogen-free adult female Wistar-Imamichi rats with a 4 day oestrous cycle were inoculated with P. pneumotropica in the vagina. Cyclic changes in the vaginal population of P. pneumotropica were not observed in ovariectomized rats and the bacterial population was at a similar level to that at normal dioestrus. Administration of oestrogen to ovariectomized rats caused an increase in the numbers of P. pneumotropica and total bacteria in the vagina nearly equal to that at oestrus in intact rats. The numbers of these organisms in the vagina of ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone did not change and were similar to those of control ovariectomized rats treated with sesame oil. Vaginal smears of ovariectomized rats treated with oestrogen were characterized by abundant cornified non-nucleated epithelial cells with many adherent Gram-negative coccobacilli and were similar to smears from intact rats at oestrus. These findings suggest that the proliferation of P. pneumotropica at oestrus in rat vagina may be primarily due to the environment provided by the degeneration of vaginal epithelial cells promoted by oestrogen secretion from the ovaries.

Evaluation of the Fibrin Plate Method for Estimating Plasminogen Activators

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-088 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A Marsh ◽  
C. L Arocha-Pinango
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Heated Plate ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Single Plate ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Fibrin Plate

SummaryA study was carried out in order to evaluate the Astrup and Mullertz fibrin plate method for estimating plasminogen activators.Choice of a suitable fibrinogen substrate was found to be the most important factor in setting up a workable assay. Many preparations contained a large proportion of non-clottable protein and plates made from these fibrinogens were usually unreliable. In addition, plasminogen content varied appreciably between preparations so that sensitivity of the method required careful calibration with each new batch of fibrinogen.The effect of additives in the fibrin plate was considered and it was found that calcium chloride alone was sufficient to ensure a stabilised plate which could be stored at 4° C for some time. The addition of tranexamic acid (AMCHA) was found to be a slightly more convenient way of estimating direct proteolytic activity, compared with the traditional heated plate. However neither method distinguished completely between proteolysis and plasminogen activation.In order to improve the precision of the method, the use of an analysis of variance technique has been studied. This technique provides information on the dose-response curves of test and unknown substances, and in addition produces an approximately threefold increase in precision over single plate tests.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus type 2 virion host shutoff protein suppresses innate dsRNA antiviral pathways in human vaginal epithelial cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1981-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dan Yao ◽  
Kenneth Lee Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Virion Host Shutoff ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus

Viruses that establish persistent infections have evolved numerous strategies to evade host innate antiviral responses. We functionally assessed the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) virion host shutoff (vhs) protein on innate immune sensing pathways in human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 ECs). Infection of cells with wild-type (WT) HSV-2 significantly decreased expression of innate immune sensors of viral infection, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR3, retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda-5), relative to cells infected with a mutant that lacks vhs (vhsB) or mock-infected cells. Transfection with HSV-2 vhs similarly decreased expression of TLR2, TLR3, RIG-I and Mda-5, which was also confirmed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. vhsB infection of VK2 cells caused robust increases in the active form of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3 and its translocation to the nucleus compared with the WT. Additionally, IRF3 activation by Sendai virus and polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid-induced stimulation of beta interferon (IFN-β) was significantly inhibited in vhs-transfected cells. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that HSV-2 vhs plays roles in selectively inhibiting TLR3 and RIG-I/Mda-5, as well as TLR2-mediated antiviral pathways for sensing dsRNA and effectively suppresses IFN-β antiviral responses in human vaginal ECs.

scholarly journals Rat uterine microbiochemistry: metabolic enzyme activities stimulated by 17-beta-estradiol are localized in epithelial cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Holt ◽  
E Rhe
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Estradiol Treatment

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27), citrate synthase (CS; EC 4.1.3.7), and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH; EC 1.1.1.35) activities were determined in each of the three major cell types of rat uterus, i.e., epithelial, stromal, and smooth muscle, using quantitative microanalytical techniques. Adult ovariectomized rats were treated with 17-beta-estradiol to determine the time course and dose response (0.025-50 micrograms/300-g rat) effect of estrogen on enzyme activity of each type of uterine cell. The use of "oil well" and enzyme-cycling microtechniques to determine the time course and the dose responses of enzyme activity changes required microassays involving 1595 microdissected single cell specimens. Estradiol treatment increased epithelial LDH, CS and beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH activity but had no effect on these enzymes in the stroma or in smooth muscle cells. The estradiol-stimulated peak enzyme activities on Day 4 in the intervention group are compared with those in the ovariectomized rat controls as follows: LDH, 44.5 +/- 3.5 vs 22.3 +/- 3.9; CS, 3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 1.5 +/- 0.6; beta-OH-acyl-CoA-H, 3.5 +/- 0.32 vs 2.2 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- standard deviation; mol/kg/hr). Stromal cell activities (LDH, 7.4 +/- 1.0; CS, 1.2 +/- 0.2; beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH, 0.9 +/- 0.1) were significantly lower than epithelial cell levels and were similar to smooth muscle levels. Therefore, even in the ovariectomized animal epithelial cells have markedly higher metabolic activity compared with adjacent cells. The enzyme activities are expressed as moles of substrate reacting per kilogram of dry weight per hour. All three enzymes exhibited a 17-beta-estradiol-induced dose response between 0.025-0.15 micrograms/300-g rat. The three enzymes studied all had similar response patterns to estrogen. The effect of estradiol was restricted to epithelial cells, with enzyme activities increasing to maximal levels after approximately 96 hr of hormone treatment. This study therefore not only confirms the specific and differential metabolic responses of uterine cells to estradiol treatment, but clearly demonstrates that marked metabolic differences exist between epithelial cells and stromal or smooth muscle uterine cells.

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