scholarly journals Automated classification of cells in electron microscopic images of lymphoreticular tissue.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pfoch ◽  
W Kade
Keyword(s):  
Automated Classification ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Lymphoreticular Tissue ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometric Measurement ◽  
Different Levels

In classifying cells in tissue sections, one must consider the fact that only random projections of cells and of subcellular structures are available in the two-dimensional image. Therefore, measurement values that solely reflect the size of such projections cannot be taken on their own as a basis for cell classification. More complex morphologic features such as shape, texture and distribution pattern of cells and their components should be analyzed. Using cell nuclei as an example, the relationship between such features and geometric measurement values is evaluated. It can be shown that a well balanced combination of geometric parameters provides a suitable basis for reproducing the visual preclassification of lymphocytes in tissue sections. Moreover, using a cluster algorithm, which allows different levels of similarity to be defined, a hierarchical sequence of subclusters turns out, indicating the heterogeneity of the visually determined cell classes. Whether or not these subclusters can be correlated to functionally defined subpopulations of lymphocytes remains a matter for further investigation.

scholarly journals DNA SYNTHESIS IN THE OOPLASM OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Muckenthaler ◽  
A. P. Mahowald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Silver Grains

Tritiated thymidine was injected into 2-day-old Drosophila melanogaster females, and tissue sections were prepared from the ovary for radioautography with both the light and electron microscopes. Besides the expected incorporation of H3-thymidine into nuclei of nurse cells and follicle cells, there was a relatively high level of incorporation of label into ooplasmic DNA. The highest level of incorporation occurred at stage 12. At the same time, the 15 nurse cell nuclei also incorporate thymidine in spite of the fact that they are breaking down and degenerating. The label in the ooplasm is not removed by extraction with DNase (although this removes nuclear label) unless extraction is preceded by a treatment with protease. Electron microscopic radioautography revealed that 36% of the silver grains resulting from decay of H3-thymidine are found over mitochondria, with a further 28% being located within 0.25 µ of these organelles. The remaining 36% of the silver grains was not found to be associated with any organelles, and it probably represents synthesis in the cytoplasm by the "storage DNA" characteristic of many eggs. It is suggested that one mechanism acting throughout the egg chamber is responsible for the synchronous synthesis of DNA in the degenerating nurse cells, in the mitochondria of the egg, and in the "storage DNA" of the ooplasm.

scholarly journals High-Silica Lava Morphology at Ocean Spreading Ridges: Machine-Learning Seafloor Classification at Alarcon Rise

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Maschmeyer ◽  
Scott M. White ◽  
Brian M. Dreyer ◽  
David A. Clague
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Submarine Lava ◽  
Seafloor Classification ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Lava Morphology ◽  
Ocean Ridge ◽  
The Relationship

The oceanic crust consists mostly of basalt, but more evolved compositions may be far more common than previously thought. To aid in distinguishing rhyolite from basaltic lava and help guide sampling and understand spatial distribution, we constructed a classifier using neural networks and fuzzy inference to recognize rhyolite from its lava morphology in sonar data. The Alarcon Rise is ideal to study the relationship between lava flow morphology and composition, because it exhibits a full range of lava compositions in a well-mapped ocean ridge segment. This study shows that the most dramatic geomorphic threshold in submarine lava separates rhyolitic lava from lower-silica compositions. Extremely viscous rhyolite erupts as jagged lobes and lava branches in submarine environments. An automated classification of sonar data is a useful first-order tool to differentiate submarine rhyolite flows from widespread basalts, yielding insights into eruption, emplacement, and architecture of the ocean crust.

scholarly journals Conceptual consequences of the structural-level approach to the analysis of professionalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (118) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Yuri P. Povaryonkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this article is to outline the prospects for solving a number of conceptual problems in the psychology of professional and career development of a personality based on the implementation of a structural-level approach tothe analysis of this process. The article examines the grounds that determine the need and the possibility of developing a structural-level approach to the psychological analysis of the professional formation of a personality, reveals its content and main provisions. The necessity of using it to overcome the artificial opposition of ontogenetic and professional genetic approaches to the professional development of a personality is substantiated. The possibilities of the structurallevel approach are demonstrated on the example of studying the problem of periodization of professional development, the problem of the relationship between monocyclic and polycyclic in the course of professionalization, the problem of interaction between specialization and universalization in the process of professionalization, and the problem of classification of normative crises of professional development. Various types of periodization of professional development are analyzed, their weak and strong sides are identified. It has been proved that only level periodization reflects the real patterns of professionalization and is the basis for its diagnosis and design. The psychological content of polycyclic and monocyclic professionalization is clarified, their functions are revealed. It has been established that they complement and do not contradict each other, and their manifestation is closely related to the peculiarities of economic relations. It is shown that the psychological mechanisms of polycyclic and monocyclic are of a level nature. The psychological mechanisms of specialization and universalization are specified. It has been revealed that they are manifested at different levels of professionalization. The determinative basis of specialization is the person-profession system, and universalization is the person-world system. The approach to the classification of the normative crises of professionalization is analyzed. The contradictions of the existing classification are shown. It has been proved that there are two main types of regulatory crises: the crises of labor and the crises of the professional path, which refer to different levels of professionalization.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

DONG SON BRONZE DRUM - THE WORK OF THE LAC VIET PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hao
Keyword(s):  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tribal Identity ◽  
The Relationship

Bronze drums are widely distributed, broader than the range of a nation. Therefore, the identification of each kind of drum is a basic subject, should be concerned. In determining the tribal identity of the drum, the classification of drum is the key stage, the relationship between the objective of the classification and classification criteria is the relation as shape and shadow, if there is no right criteria then the result of division will be difficult to reach the desired goal. Likewise, the criterion of the pattern on the bronze drum brought to the affirmation is the Dong Son bronze drum of the Lac Viet people. And the parallel is the affirmation of the culture, way of life, residence of the nation created the drum.

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