scholarly journals The importance of oracle rejoining in the study of ancient characters and the history of the Shang Dynasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Original State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oracle Bones

From the beginning of the unearthing of oracle bones in Anyang Henan, traditional descriptions of the ancient history of China have been gradually modified. It is regrettable that the disaster of non-scientific excavations and long-distance transit happened at almost the same time. From knowing the history of the damage to the oracle bones, we can then understand how important the recovery work is. The rejoining work began early in the 20th century, and many scholars have contributed to the related work. The seven examples in this article present multiple values regarding not only recovering the broken oracle bones to their original state, but also ‘highlighting the particular phenomenon of culture’, ‘getting the real recovery of inscriptions’, and ‘verifying the authenticity of documents’. This speaks well of the important rejoining work which benefits the study of ancient characters and Yin Shang history. After all, to use the oracles as a tool to study ancient characters and history, we should first undertake rejoining and restore them to their original appearance.

scholarly journals A concise review of lobster utilization by worldwide human populations from prehistory to the modern era

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i7-i21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Spanier ◽  
Kari L. Lavalli ◽  
Jason S. Goldstein ◽  
Johan C. Groeneveld ◽  
Gareth L. Jordaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
History Of

Abstract Lobsters are important resources throughout the world's oceans, providing food security, employment, and a trading commodity. Whereas marine biologists generally focus on modern impacts of fisheries, here we explore the deep history of lobster exploitation by prehistorical humans and ancient civilizations, through the first half of the 20th century. Evidence of lobster use comprises midden remains, artwork, artefacts, writings about lobsters, and written sources describing the fishing practices of indigenous peoples. Evidence from archaeological dig sites is potentially biased because lobster shells are relatively thin and easily degraded in most midden soils; in some cases, they may have been used as fertilizer for crops instead of being dumped in middens. Lobsters were a valuable food and economic resource for early coastal peoples, and ancient Greek and Roman Mediterranean civilizations amassed considerable knowledge of their biology and fisheries. Before European contact, lobsters were utilized by indigenous societies in the Americas, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand at seemingly sustainable levels, even while other fish and molluscan species may have been overfished. All written records suggest that coastal lobster populations were dense, even in the presence of abundant and large groundfish predators, and that lobsters were much larger than at present. Lobsters gained a reputation as “food for the poor” in 17th and 18th century Europe and parts of North America, but became a fashionable seafood commodity during the mid-19th century. High demand led to intensified fishing effort with improved fishing gear and boats, and advances in preservation and long-distance transport. By the early 20th century, coastal stocks were overfished in many places and average lobster size was significantly reduced. With overfishing came attempts to regulate fisheries, which have varied over time and have met with limited success.

The Music of Max Reger in Russia: About Paradoxes of Reception’s History

10.34690/27 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
М.Г. Раку
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
The Real ◽  
Harmonic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concert Life ◽  
Library Collections

Статья посвящена одному из кратких, но ярких эпизодов истории рецепции немецкой музыки в предреволюционной России - бурному увлечению столичной публики и музыкантов сочинениями Макса Регера, которое стало характерной приметой петербургской концертной жизни первого десятилетия ХХ века. Такие показатели успеха, как количество премьер и отзывов в прессе, на которые традиционно ориентируется рецептивная история, дополняются сведениями о приватных исполнениях сочинений композитора и другими косвенными свидетельствами о распространении его музыки, включая число изданий в библиотечных собраниях Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга. Сравнение последних показывает, что петербургский «культ» Регера музыкальная Москва не разделила. В этом можно усмотреть причину того, что договоренность Александра Зилоти с Регером о будущих московских гастролях после громадного успеха петербургских не была воплощена. Несмотря на исключительный интерес к творчеству Регера российской композиторской молодежи, более десятка талантливых представителей которой стали его учениками в Германии, стилистическое воздействие его музыки в России оказалось минимальным. Действительным результатом этого увлечения можно считать более свободное отношение к гармоническому языку, которое, однако, привело воспитанников русской композиторской школы к самостоятельным решениям. На примере российской рецепции музыки Регера можно говорить о разнообразных и порой не прямых и не очевидных по своему результату формах, в которых проявляет себя творческое влияние. The article is dedicated to one of the brief but vivid episodes of the history of the reception of German music in pre-revolutionary Russia to the turbulent fascination of the capitals public and musicians with the compositions of Max Reger, which became a characteristic feature of the St. Petersburg concert life of the first decade of the 20th century. Indicators of this success, such as the number of premiers and press reviews traditionally oriented to the receptions story, are supplemented by information about private perfomances and other circumstantial evidence of the distribution of his music, including the number of sheet music in the main library collections of both capitals. The comparison of the latter shows that musical Moscow did not share the kult of Reger in Petersburg. In this we can see the reason that the agreement between A. Siloti and Reger on future tours in Moscow after the huge success of Petersburg was not realized. Despite the exeptional interest in the work of Reger russian composer youth, more than a dozen talented representatives of which became his students in Germany, the stylistic influence of his music in Russia was minimal. The real result of its influence can be considered a more free attitude to the harmonic language, which however led the pupils of the Russian composer school to independent results. On the example of the Russian reception of Regers music, we can thus talk about various and sometimes not direct and and not obvious in its result forms in which the creative influence manifest itself.

The Soviet Approach to the Right of Peoples to Self-determination: Russia’s Farewell to jus publicum europaeum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Mälksoo
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
The Right

The aim of this article is to explore the theory and practice of the Soviet position on the right of peoples to self-determination in 1917 and afterwards. It is a misunderstanding to mention Lenin’s (the Bolsheviks’) and Wilson’s concepts of self-determination in one breath, as ‘precursors’ in international law. The Soviet concept of the right of peoples to self-determination was adopted for tactical and propagandistic purposes, and it had little in common with the liberal democratic concept of this right that saw the right of peoples to self-determination as an end in itself. The real contribution of the Russian Bolsheviks to the history of international law has, to some extent, been overlooked. Throughout the 20th century, the West and the ussr had different regional standards and usages of the right of peoples to self-determination, thus presenting a continuous challenge to the idea of the universality of international law.

scholarly journals Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Edward Nycz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Functioning ◽  
The City

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – The Heritage of the Past in the Culture of the Industrial City Functioning in the Ethnic and Cultural Frontier The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociology of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szramek. The author’s reflections touch upon ideas, facts as well as the real city’s organism shaped in its longterm and short-term perspective.

scholarly journals Singing the “Wondrous Story” in Portuguese: The First Official Brazilian Baptist Hymnal, Cantor Cristão

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Maria Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Real ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baptist Hymnal

This paper discusses the history of Cantor Cristão, the first official Brazilian Baptist hymnal, published in 1891, revealing important aspects of the development of Protestant hymnody in Brazil. It also exposes a web of long-distance connections, multiple linguistic and cultural elements, and distinct perspectives of those who chose to do missionary work and those who chose to welcome them. More specifically, I describe and reflect on the contributions of Solomon L. Ginsburg, an Orthodox Jew from Poland, converted to Christianity in England, and turned Evangelical missionary, who played a crucial role in the history of Cantor Cristão as publisher, author, and translator of hymns. In my analysis, I adopt a historical ethnomusicological perspective and utilize the concept of musical localization, as well as the complementary notions of negotiation of proximity and ethics of style as interpretative lenses. I am drawn to a more nuanced view of the legacy of the mission enterprise, one that is not blind to issues of power, ethnocentrism, and wealth, but makes room for a robust examination of all sorts of capital transfers and investments (economic, cultural, and social), and the real phenomena of musical localization and individual agency.

scholarly journals Augustinas Voldemaras: intelektualinės biografijos eskizas ir kai kurie tarpdisciplininės orientacijos pavyzdžiai

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-189
Author(s):  
Aurelijus Gieda
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of History ◽  
Annales School ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Santrauka. Viena kontroversiškiausių tarpukario Lietuvos asmenybių ir šiandien lieka Augustinas Voldemaras (1883–1942). Stipriai įvairuoja ne tik jo politinės, tačiau ir akademinės veiklos vertinimai. A. Voldemaras turėjo klasikinės filologijos išsilavinimą, domėjosi visuotine ir Lietuvos istorija, buvo ne­abejingas filosofiniams ir sociologiniams klausimams. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išryškinti tuos A. Voldemaro intelektualinės biografijos kontekstus, kuriuose itin stipriai persipina tam tikros tarpdisciplininės aspi­racijos. Straipsnyje žvelgiama į ankstyvą A. Voldemaro susidomėjimą istorijos teorijos ir metodologijos problematika, į A. Voldemaro intelektualinius impulsus Peterburgo ir Permės laikotarpiais (1900–1917), į akademinius mokytojus, kuriuos vienas pirmųjų lietuvių Peterburgo universiteto docentų vėliau ne kartą pagarbiai prisimindavo. III deš. A. Voldemaras įsitraukė į vienu iš naujosios istorijos (nouvelle histoire) tėvų vadinamo Henri Berro nuo 1925 m. inicijuotą Tarptautinį sintezės centrą (Centre International de Synthèse), kuris tuometinėje Europoje tapo vienu ryškiausių tarpdisciplininių studijų centrų. Nors ir nėra pakankamai duomenų, leidžiančių pagrįstai svarstyti apie šio įsitraukimo mastą, viena aišku, kad Volde­maras priklausė Tarptautinio sintezės centro Istorinės sintezės sekcijos narių grupei, taip bent formaliai įsiterpdamas tarp ryškių to meto Europos istorikų, sociologų ir filosofų. Tai įgalina ir provokuoja įsigilinti į tuos A. Voldemaro biografijos momentus, kuriuose ryškėja jo intelektualinė pozicija, laiduojanti ar numa­tanti artimesnius ryšius tarp humanitarinių ir socialinių mokslų. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Voldemaras, intelektualinė biografija, istorijos teorija, tarpisciplinariškumas, integruotas žinojimas, Tarptautinis sintezės centras. Key words: Voldemaras, intellectual biography, theory of history, interdisciplinarity, integrated knowledge, Centre International de Synthèse. ABSTRACT AUGUSTINAS VOLDEMARAS: A SKETCH OF INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHYAND CERTAIN EXAMPLES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY ORIENTATION The article takes a look at one of the most controversial personalities of inter-war Lithuania. Augustinas Voldemaras (1883–1942) was educated in classical philology, had a keen interest in universal history and the history of Lithuania and an additional concern in philosophical and sociological issues. A consistent search for integrated and synthetic knowledge, openness to philosophical questions and his disposition to polylogi­cal cooperation of disciplines are some of the principal moments in his intellectual biography. Therefore, the present study attempts to highlight certain contexts of Voldemaras’ intellectual biography, witnessing the tightly intertwining interdisciplinarity, aspirations of some type.While a student, Voldemaras found himself in the environment where the problems of ancient history were addressed at the European level and where attempts were made to bring the research on the classical era carried out in pre-revolutionary Russia closer to Germany, being the leader in this sphere.The openness to interdisciplinary search, postulates of integrated and synthetic knowledge that mani­fested over a long-term, not to mention his philosophical quests and attempts in the field of history, brought Voldemaras closer to the prominent European philosophical movement Centre International de Synthèse founded by Henri Berr, linked by special ties with the formation of one of the most outstanding 20th century schools of history The Annales School. Voldemaras belonged to the History Section of Henri Berr’s Centre International de Synthèse, thus finding a niche among the distinguished representatives of social sciences and the humanities of that time. There is no wonder that in this respect, Voldemaras established himself in Lithuanian historiography as one of the pioneer figures attempting to overcome the disciplinary isolation of sciences, their one-sided empiricism or the lack of a broader approach towards history. The attention paid by Voldemaras to the philosophical issues of identification of history as a science, deliberate attribution of an important role to theory in social sciences and the humanities, the highlight of interdisciplinary initiatives in these sciences are what add the aspect of appeal to his intellectual biography. Voldemaras himself becomes one of the most interesting Lithuanian intellectuals of the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Impacts of biological globalization in the Mediterranean: Unveiling the deep history of human-mediated gamebird dispersal

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3296-3301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Forcina ◽  
Monica Guerrini ◽  
Hein van Grouw ◽  
Brij K. Gupta ◽  
Panicos Panayides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Humans have a long history of moving wildlife that over time has resulted in unprecedented biotic homogenization. It is, as a result, often unclear whether certain taxa are native to a region or naturalized, and how the history of human involvement in species dispersal has shaped present-day biodiversity. Although currently an eastern Palaearctic galliform, the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) was known to occur in the western Mediterranean from at least the time of Pliny the Elder, if not earlier. During Medieval times and the Renaissance, the black francolin was a courtly gamebird prized not only for its flavor, but also its curative, and even aphrodisiac qualities. There is uncertainty, however, whether this important gamebird was native or introduced to the region and, if the latter, what the source of introduction into the western Mediterranean was. Here we combine historical documentation with a DNA investigation of modern birds and archival (13th–20th century) specimens from across the species’ current and historically documented range. Our study proves the black francolin was nonnative to the western Mediterranean, and we document its introduction from the east via several trade routes, some reaching as far as South Asia. This finding provides insight into the reach and scope of long-distance trade routes that serviced the demand of European aristocracy for exotic species as symbols of wealth and prestige, and helps to demonstrate the lasting impact of human-mediated long-distance species dispersal on current day biodiversity.

Genealogy and Jurisprudence: Nietzsche, Nihilism, and the Social Scientification of Law

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 551-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Constable
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Phenomenal World ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Real ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche presents a history of metaphysics that can also be read as a history of jurisprudence. Nietzsche shows how—via Platonism, Christendom, Kantianism, and utilitarianism—the “real” or “true” world of ideals gives way to an “apparent” phenomenal world that is itself ultimately brought into question. This article shows how 20th-century legal thought, broadly construed, also moves away from “ideals” of law toward an understanding of law as observable social phenomena. It suggests that the move to the “apparent” world in legal thought raises questions similar to those raised by Nietzsche's work: Does sociological law point to a nihilistic destruction of the legal tradition or to a joyous possibility of overcoming that tradition?

On the plurality of inhabited worlds: a brief history of extraterrestrialism

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Brake
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Real World ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Extraterrestrial Life ◽  
Extraterrestrial Intelligence ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intelligence Science

This paper delineates the cultural evolution of the ancient idea of a plurality of inhabited worlds, and traces its development through to contemporary extraterrestrialism, with its foundation in the physical determinism of cosmology, and its attendant myths of alien contact drawn from examples of British film and fiction. We shall see that, in the evolving debate of the existence of extraterrestrial life and intelligence, science and science fiction have benefited from an increasingly symbiotic relationship. Modern extraterrestrialism has influenced both the scientific searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), and become one of the most pervasive cultural myths of the 20th century. Not only has pluralism found a voice in fiction through the alien, but fiction has also inspired science to broach questions in the real world.

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