Ground motion models for shallow crustal and deep earthquakes in Hawaii and analyses of the 2018 M 6.9 Kalapana sequence

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110445
Author(s):  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Robert Darragh ◽  
Sarah Smith ◽  
Qimin Wu ◽  
Walter Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Crustal Earthquake ◽  
Deep Earthquakes

The damaging 4 May 2018 M 6.9 Kalapana earthquake and its aftershocks have provided the largest suite of strong motion records ever produced for an earthquake sequence in Hawaii exceeding the number of records obtained in the deep 2006 M 6.7 Kiholo Bay earthquake. These records provided the best opportunity to understand the processes of strong ground shaking in Hawaii from shallow crustal (< 20 km) earthquakes. There were four foreshocks and more than 100 aftershocks of M 4.0 and greater recorded by the seismic stations. The mainshock produced only a modest horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.24 g at an epicentral distance of 21.5 km. In this study, we evaluated the 2018 strong motion data as well as previously recorded shallow crustal earthquakes on the Big Island. There are still insufficient strong motion data to develop an empirical ground motion model (GMM) and so we developed a GMM using the stochastic numerical modeling approach similar to what we had done for deep Hawaiian (>20 km) earthquakes. To provide inputs into the stochastic model, we performed an inversion to estimate kappa, stress drops, Ro, and Q(f) using the shallow crustal earthquake database. The GMM is valid from M 4.0 to 8.0 and at Joyner–Boore (RJB) distances up to 400 km. Models were developed for eight VS30 (time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m) values corresponding to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site bins: A (1500 m/s), B (1080 m/s), B/C (760 m/s), C (530 m/s), C/D (365 m/s), D (260 m/s), D/E (185 m/s), and E (150 m/s). The GMM is for PGA, peak horizontal ground velocity (PGV), and 5%-damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (SA) at 26 periods from 0.01 to 10 s. In addition, we updated our GMM for deep earthquakes (>20 km) to include the same NEHRP site bins using the same approach for the crustal earthquake GMM.

scholarly journals Ground motion and rupture process of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake obtained from strong motion data of K-NET and KiK-net

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryou Honda ◽  
Shin Aoi ◽  
Nobuyuki Morikawa ◽  
Haruko Sekiguchi ◽  
Takashi Kunugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Rupture Process ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data

scholarly journals Strong motion data centre

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
D. Denham ◽  
G. R. Small
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Australian Bureau ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Storage Distribution

A Strong Motion Data Centre, for the collection, storage, distribution and preliminary analysis of accelerograms from the Australian and New Guinean regions, has recently been established at Canberra by the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources. The work undertaken at the Centre is described and examples of the processing facilities available are given. Extensive use is made of computers in the analysis of the accelerograms and the plotting of the results. By December 1970 thirteen accelerographs had been obtained, by several institutions, for installation in the Australian and New Guinea regions and 24 accelerograms had been received at the Centre for analysis. The instruments located on unconsolidated material at Lae, Yonki and Panguna are currently producing about 5 accelerograms per year and the maximum ground acceleration recorded so far, of 0.12g, was obtained at Panguna, where the accelerograph is located on recent unconsolidated volcanic ash.

scholarly journals Towards preparation of design spectra for Serbian National Annex to Eurocode 8: Part I: spectral shapes and regional empirical equations for scaling pseudo-acceleration spectra

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Borko Bulajic ◽  
Miodrag Manic ◽  
Djordje Ladjinovic
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Eurocode 8 ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Spectral Shapes

Eurocode 8 allows that any country can use its own shape of the elastic response spectrum after it defines it in the National Annex. Having in mind that such country-specific spectra are to be derived through analysis of the strong motion data recorded in the considered seismo-tectonic region, in this Paper we discuss the existing and a set of new empirical equations for scaling pseudo-acceleration spectra in Serbia and the whole region of north-western Balkans. We then compare the presented spectra to those proposed by Eurocode 8. Results show that the indiscriminate use of the strong motion data from different seismo-tectonic regions, improper classification of the local soil conditions, and neglect of the effects of deep geology, may all lead to unreliable scaling equations and to extremely biased ground motion estimates. Moreover, only two spectral shapes that are defined for wide magnitude ranges and scaled by a single PGA value, are not able to adequately represent all important features of real strong ground motion, and instead of using such normalized spectra one should rather employ the direct scaling of spectral amplitudes that is based on the analysis of regionally gathered and processed strong motion data.

Ground-Motion Model for Deep Intraslab Subduction Zone Earthquakes of Northeastern India (NEI) and Adjacent Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky L. Chhangte ◽  
Tauhidur Rahman ◽  
Ivan G. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Ground Motion Model ◽  
Subduction Zone Earthquakes

ABSTRACT In this study, a ground-motion model (GMM) for deep intraslab subduction zone earthquakes in northeastern India (NEI) and adjacent regions, including portions of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, and Nepal, is developed. Strong-motion data for deep intraslab earthquakes in NEI are very sparse, so it is not possible to develop a robust empirical GMM; hence, we used the stochastic point-source model to develop a new GMM. The model is based on ground-motion simulations of 36,500 Mw 5–8 earthquakes and epicentral distances of 50–300 km. We used region-specific key seismic parameters, for example, stress parameter, quality factor, and path duration in ground-motion simulation. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to evaluate the bias of each key seismic input parameter. We compared our GMM with the existing strong-motion data and compared our model with those of Lin and Lee (2008), Abrahamson et al. (2016), and Idini et al. (2017), which were developed for intraslab earthquakes based on VS30 and hypocentral depth. Our model gives higher values compared with their GMMs. Both peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration values are estimated for NEI and adjacent regions intraslab earthquakes.

scholarly journals Accessing European Strong-Motion Data: An Update on ORFEUS Coordinated Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lanzano ◽  
Lucia Luzi ◽  
Carlo Cauzzi ◽  
Jarek Bienkowski ◽  
Dino Bindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Major Interest

Abstract Strong ground motion records and free open access to strong-motion data repositories are fundamental inputs to seismology, engineering seismology, soil dynamics, and earthquake engineering science and practice. This article presents the current status and outlook of the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology (ORFEUS) coordinated strong-motion seismology services, namely the rapid raw strong-motion (RRSM) and the engineering strong-motion (ESM) databases and associated web interfaces and webservices. We compare and discuss the role and use of these two systems using the Mw 6.5 Norcia (Central Italy) earthquake that occurred on 30 October 2016 as an example of a well-recorded earthquake that triggered major interest in the seismological and earthquake engineering communities. The RRSM is a fully automated system for rapid dissemination of earthquake shaking information, whereas the ESM provides quality-checked, manually processed waveforms and reviewed earthquake information. The RRSM uses only data from the European Integrated Waveform Data Archive, whereas the ESM also includes offline data from other sources, such as the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA). Advanced software tools are also included in the ESM to allow users to process strong-motion data and to select ground-motion waveform sets for seismic structural analyses. The RRSM and ESM are complementary services designed for a variety of possible stakeholders, ranging from scientists to the educated general public. The RRSM and ESM are developed, organized, and reviewed by selected members of the seismological community in Europe, including strong-motion data providers and expert users. Global access and usage of the data is encouraged. The ESM is presently the reference database for harmonized seismic hazard and risk studies in Europe. ORFEUS strong-motion data are open, “Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable,” and accompanied by licensing information. The users are encouraged to properly cite the data providers, using the digital object identifiers of the seismic networks.

Conditional Ground-Motion Models for Horizontal Peak Ground Displacement for Active Crustal Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsuan Sung ◽  
Norman A. Abrahamson ◽  
Jyun-Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Ground Motion Models

ABSTRACT Ground-motion models (GMMs) are developed for peak ground displacement (PGD) and for bandlimited PGD based on strong-motion data that has been filtered as part of standard processing and the total PGD that includes the tectonic deformation as well as the vibratory ground motion. For the bandlimited PGD, we develop conditional ground-motion models (CGMMs) using subsets of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (NGA-W2) database and the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering Taiwan Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee level 3 project database. The CGMM approach includes the observed pseudospectral acceleration (PSA(T)) as an input parameter in addition to magnitude and distance. The period of the PSA(T) is used as an input parameter; it is magnitude dependent and is based on the period for which there is the highest correlation between the ln(PGD) and ln(PSA(T)). Two CGMMs are developed: a global model based on the NGA-W2 data and a region-specific model for Taiwan. The conditional PGD models are combined with traditional GMMs for PSA(T) values to develop GMMs for both the median and standard deviation of PGD without the dependence on PSA. A second set of PGD GMMs are developed to correct for two factors: the effect of the high-pass filtering from standard record processing and the stronger large magnitude (M&gt;6.5) scaling due to tectonic deformation. For magnitudes greater than 7, the PGD values from the total PGD GMMs are 2–5 times larger than the bandlimited PGD values based on the strong-motion data sets, but the increase is at very long periods. The appropriate PGD model to use, bandlimited PGD or total PGD, depends on the period range of interest for the specific engineering application.

Loreto Intermediate Depth Earthquake of 26 May 2019 (Northeast Peru): Source Parameters by Inversion of Local to Regional Waveforms and Strong-Motion Observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Tavera ◽  
Bertrand Delouis ◽  
Arturo Mercado ◽  
David Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Slab Geometry ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
Strong Motion Data ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Data

Abstract The Loreto earthquake of 26 May 2019 occurred below the extreme northeast part of Peru at a depth of 140 km within the subducting Nazca plate at a distance of 700 km from the trench Peru–Chile. The orientation of the seismic source was obtained from waveform inversion in the near field using velocity and strong-motion data. The rupture occurred in normal faulting corresponding to a tensional process with T axis oriented in east–west direction similar to the direction of convergence between the Nazca and South America plates. The analysis of the strong-motion data shows that the levels of ground shaking are very heterogeneous with values greater than 50 Gal up to distances of 300 km; the maximum recorded acceleration of 122 Gal at a distance of 100 km from the epicenter. The Loreto earthquake is classified as a large extensional event in the descending Nazca slab in the transition from flat-slab geometry to greater dip.

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