The influence of a concurrent cognitive task on lower limb reaction time among stroke survivors with right- or left-hemiplegia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Tim Pauley ◽  
Chetan P. Phadke ◽  
Adam Kassam ◽  
Farooq Ismail ◽  
Chris Boulias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Stroke Survivors

scholarly journals Lower limb muscle coactivation levels in healthy younger and older adults during functional dual-task gait

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
Nise Ribeiro Marques ◽  
Edgar Ramos Vieira ◽  
Denis Brunt ◽  
Deborah Hebling Spinoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Risk Of Falls

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of daily cognitive task on stiffness of old and young female adults during the gait. The study included 17 physically active younger and 18 older women, with low risk of falls. The volunteers were asked to walk on the treadmill at two different gait conditions: normal gait and functional dual-task gait. The electromyographic signals were collected of the lower limb muscles. The percentage of coactivation for the tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius lateralis and tibialis anterior/soleus were significantly higher in elderly than in younger in the normal gait and dual-task gait. Our results suggest that the elderly have a greater stiffness in the ankle joint during gait normal and daily dual task gait. Thus, we conclude that challenging cognitively situations during the gait may increase the risk of falls in this population.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Saccadic Reaction Time: Effect of Task Modality, Stimulus Saliency, Spatial Congruency of Stimuli, and Pupil Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Yamagishi ◽  
Shigeto Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Stimulus Saliency

It is often assumed that the reaction time of a saccade toward visual and/or auditory stimuli reflects the sensitivities of our oculomotor-orienting system to stimulus saliency. Endogenous factors, as well as stimulus-related factors, would also affect the saccadic reaction time (SRT). However, it was not clear how these factors interact and to what extent visual and auditory-targeting saccades are accounted for by common mechanisms. The present study examined the effect of, and the interaction between, stimulus saliency and audiovisual spatial congruency on the SRT for visual- and for auditory-target conditions. We also analyzed pre-target pupil size to examine the relationship between saccade preparation and pupil size. Pupil size is considered to reflect arousal states coupling with locus-coeruleus (LC) activity during a cognitive task. The main findings were that (1) the pattern of the examined effects on the SRT varied between visual- and auditory-auditory target conditions, (2) the effect of stimulus saliency was significant for the visual-target condition, but not significant for the auditory-target condition, (3) Pupil velocity, not absolute pupil size, was sensitive to task set (i.e., visual-targeting saccade vs. auditory-targeting saccade), and (4) there was a significant correlation between the pre-saccade absolute pupil size and the SRTs for the visual-target condition but not for the auditory-target condition. The discrepancy between target modalities for the effect of pupil velocity and between the absolute pupil size and pupil velocity for the correlation with SRT may imply that the pupil effect for the visual-target condition was caused by a modality-specific link between pupil size modulation and the SC rather than by the LC-NE (locus coeruleus-norepinephrine) system. These results support the idea that different threshold mechanisms in the SC may be involved in the initiation of saccades toward visual and auditory targets.

scholarly journals Influence of Chronic Stroke on Functional Arm Reaching: Quantifying Deficits in the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Savitha Subramaniam ◽  
Rini Varghese ◽  
Tanvi Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Peak Acceleration ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
And Performance

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to quantify ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) stand-reaching performance (kinematics and kinetics) among chronic stroke survivors.Method. Community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors (n=13) and age-similar healthy adults (n=13) performed flexion- and abduction-reaching tasks. Surface EMG and acceleration were sampled using wireless sensors from the prime movers (anterior and middle deltoid) and provided performance-outcome (reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance-production (peak acceleration) measures and were then evaluated.Results. Individuals with chronic stroke demonstrated significantly reduced performance outcomes (i.e., longer reaction time, burst duration, movement time, and movement initiation time) and performance production ability (i.e., smaller peak acceleration) compared to their healthy counterparts (p< 0.05) for both flexion- and abduction-reaching movements.Conclusion. Our results are suggestive of post-stroke deficits in ipsilesional motor execution during a stand-reaching task. Based on these findings, it is essential to integrate ipsilesional UE training into rehabilitation interventions as this might aid functional reaching activities of daily living and could ultimately help community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors maintain their independent living.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Hypoxia on Cognition in Sedentary Young Adults

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Hongwei Guan ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Moderate Hypoxia ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background and Objectives: Limited research has evaluated the effects of acute exercise on cognition under different conditions of inspired oxygenation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) under normoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen (FIO2): 0.209) and moderate hypoxia (FIO2: 0.154) on cognitive function. Design: A single-blinded cross-over design was used to observe the main effects of exercise and oxygen level, and interaction effects on cognitive task performance. Methods: Twenty inactive adults (10 males and 10 females, 19–27 years old) performed a cognitive task (i.e., the Go/No-Go task) before and immediately after an acute bout of HIE under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The HIE comprised 10 repetitions of 6 s high-intensity cycling against 7.5% body weight interspersed with 30 s passive recovery. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rating of perceived exertion were monitored. Results: The acute bout of HIE did not affect the reaction time (p = 0.204, η2 = 0.083) but the accuracy rate decreased significantly after HIE under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.467). Moreover, moderate hypoxia had no influence either on reaction time (p = 0.782, η2 = 0.004) or response accuracy (p = 0.972, η2 < 0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate that an acute session of HIE may impair response accuracy immediately post-HIE, without sacrificing reaction time. Meanwhile moderate hypoxia was found to have no adverse effect on cognitive function in inactive young adults, at least in the present study.

scholarly journals Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Devanathan ◽  
Sangeetha Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Anodal Tdcs

Reaction Time, Strength, and Physical Activity in Women Aged 20–89 Years

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Hunter ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
Roger D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Knee Extensors

The purposes of this study were to investigate the rate of change with age of simple lower-limb reaction time (RT) in women and determine the relationship among RT. strength, and physical activity. Independent, community-dwelling women aged 20–89 years (N = 217) were assessed for knee-extension RT, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors (KE), and physical activity level. Trend analysis by ANOVA and regression analysis on RT were performed. Lower-limb RT increased and KE strength and physical activity level decreased linearly across age groups (p < .001). Active women had faster RTs than those of inactive women of the same age (p < .01). From multiple-regression analysis on RT, only 1 predictor variable. KE strength, emerged. Stronger women had faster RTs than those of weaker women (p < .0001), regardless of age and physical activity. Although RT was slower in older women, higher levels of strength and physical activity were associated with faster RTs in this group.

scholarly journals Effects of Dual-Task Conditions on Turning Characteristics of Stroke Survivors in Healthcare Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Haidzir Manaf ◽  
Nadia Mohd Mustafah ◽  
Saiful Adli Bukry ◽  
Maria Justine
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Task Conditions

Turning is an attentionally demanding task for stroke survivors especially when it involves challenging environments. The aim of this study was to investigate turning characteristics under dual-task conditions (dual motor and dual cognitive) in stroke survivors and healthy controls. We compared the turning characteristics based on the following: (1) staggering, (2) number of steps, (3) time was taken, and (4) strategy used to complete a 180º turn. We found that stroke survivors presented with turning difficulty, especially under dual cognitive task. Forthcoming research is needed to investigate further the social impact of stroke survival in their current environment.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Dual-task; stroke; turning; Timed Up & Go test

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