scholarly journals The impact of a high versus a low glycaemic index breakfast cereal meal on verbal episodic memory in healthy adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Smith ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Ignoring floor and ceiling effects may underestimate the effect of carotid artery stenting on cognitive performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Scherr ◽  
Alexander Kunz ◽  
Anselm Doll ◽  
Johannes Sebastian Mutzenbach ◽  
Erasmia Broussalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenting ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Floor Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

IntroductionData on neuropsychological outcome after carotid artery stenting (CAS) remain inconsistent, furthermore cognitive outcome seems to be unpredictable in the individual case. Previous studies reporting improvement or decline might be due to ceiling and floor effects of the applied cognitive tests. We applied cognitive testing before and after CAS, avoiding the pitfall of ceiling and floor effects.MethodsIn our prospective database, we identified 72 patients free of clinical stroke with ≥70% carotid artery stenosis, who were treated with CAS. They were administered a neurocognitive test battery before and 3 months after CAS to compare cognitive performance before and after CAS. To avoid ceiling and floor effects of test performances, we additionally analysed subgroups of patients without baseline floor and ceiling cognitive performance.ResultsPre-interventional to post-interventional cognitive performance improved significantly in the subtests measuring verbal episodic memory; deterioration was observed in spatial memory. The subgroups of patients without baseline floor and ceiling cognitive performance improved in measures of global cognition, verbal episodic memory (patients with left-sided CAS) and divided attention (patients with right-sided CAS); we observed no significant effects in the other domains.ConclusionsIgnoring floor and ceiling effects may underestimate the impact of CAS on cognitive performance.

scholarly journals The impact of musical pleasure and musical hedonia on verbal episodic memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Cardona ◽  
Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells ◽  
Harry Nye ◽  
Xavier Rifà-Ros ◽  
Laura Ferreri
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Pleasant Stimulus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Musical Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Abstract Music listening is one of the most pleasurable activities in our life. As a rewarding stimulus, pleasant music could induce long-term memory improvements for the items encoded in close temporal proximity. In the present study, we behaviourally investigated (1) whether musical pleasure and musical hedonia enhance verbal episodic memory, and (2) whether such enhancement takes place even when the pleasant stimulus is not present during the encoding. Participants (N = 100) were asked to encode words presented in different auditory contexts (highly and lowly pleasant classical music, and control white noise), played before and during (N = 49), or only before (N = 51) the encoding. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire was used to measure participants’ sensitivity to musical reward. 24 h later, participants’ verbal episodic memory was tested (old/new recognition and remember/know paradigm). Results revealed that participants with a high musical reward sensitivity present an increased recollection performance, especially for words encoded in a highly pleasant musical context. Furthermore, this effect persists even when the auditory stimulus is not concurrently present during the encoding of target items. Taken together, these findings suggest that musical pleasure might constitute a helpful encoding context able to drive memory improvements via reward mechanisms.

Inflammatory Markers May Inform the Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Cognition in Patients with Depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jan-Baptist Belge ◽  
Linda Van Diermen ◽  
Bernard Sabbe ◽  
Manuel Morrens ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Autobiographic Memory ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the acute cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain poorly understood. Prior research has shown that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 may interfere with cognitive functioning. Interestingly, immunomodulation is one of the proposed modes of action of ECT. This study investigates whether changes of peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 are related to changes in cognitive functioning following ECT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the week before and 1 week after an acute course of ECT, 62 patients suffering from depression underwent a neuropsychological evaluation to assess their processing speed using the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), and their retrospective autobiographic memory using the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) with the peripheral inflammatory markers being measured at the same 2 time points. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients improved drastically following ECT, while their main performance on both the HVLT-R and AMI declined and their SDST scores remained stable. The levels of IL-6 and IL1-β had both decreased, where the decrease in IL-6 was related to the decrease in HVLT-R scores. Higher baseline IL-10 levels were associated with a more limited decrease of the HVLT-R scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings tentatively suggest that the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory may be related to the treatment’s immunomodulatory properties, most notably due to decreased IL-6 levels. Moreover, baseline IL-10 appears to be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory. Whilst compelling, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution as, due to its exploratory nature, no correction for multiple comparisons was made. Further, a replication in larger cohorts is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation on Verbal Episodic Memory in Elderly People

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Hisatsune ◽  
Jun Kaneko ◽  
Hiroki Kurashige ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Hideo Satsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Compensatory reallocation of brain resources supporting verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease

Neurology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Becker ◽  
M. A. Mintun ◽  
K. Aleva ◽  
M. B. Wiseman ◽  
T. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

scholarly journals The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gugusheff ◽  
P. Sim ◽  
A. Kheng ◽  
S. Gentili ◽  
M. Al-Nussairawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

scholarly journals APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Griffin ◽  
Celia Walker ◽  
Susan Jebb ◽  
Carmel Moore ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Apo B ◽  
The Impact

We examined the impact of APOE genotype on plasma lipids and glucose in a secondary analysis of data from a five-arm, randomised controlled, parallel dietary intervention trial (‘RISCK’ study), to investigate the impact of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with either monounsaturated fat (MUFA) or carbohydrate of high or low glycaemic index (GI) on CVD risk factors and insulin sensitivity. We tested the impact of APOE genotype (carriage of E2 and E4 alleles versus E3/E3), determined retrospectively, on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and glucose homeostasis at baseline (n = 469), and on the change in these variables after 24 weeks of dietary intervention (n = 389). At baseline, carriers of E2 (n = 70), E4 (n = 125) and E3/E3 (n = 274) expressed marked differences in total plasma cholesterol (TC, p = 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (apo B, p < 0.0001) and total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL-C, p = 0.002), with plasma concentrations decreasing in the order E4 > E3/E3 > E2. Following intervention, there was evidence of a significant diet x genotype interaction with significantly greater decreases in TC (p = 0.02) and apo B (p = 0.006) among carriers of E4 when SFA was replaced with low GI carbohydrate on a lower fat diet (TC −0.28 mmol/L p = 0.03; apo B −0.1 g/L p = 0.02), and a relative increase in TC (in comparison to E3/E3) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and high GI carbohydrates (TC 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.03). Among carriers of E2 (compared with E3/E3) there was an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates 0.46 mmol/L p = 0.001). There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet for changes in indices of glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, variations in APOE genotype led to differential effects on the lipid response to the replacement of SFA with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates.

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