Regional Variation in the Provision and Cost of General Dental Service Orthodontic Treatment in England and Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. O'Brien ◽  
W. C. Shaw ◽  
C. T. Roberts ◽  
C. D. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
General Dental Practitioner ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
Capita Spending ◽  
Per Capita

The regional distribution of orthodontic treatment provision through the General Dental Service was examined, with reference to, per capita spending, cost per case and treatment rate; a marked regional variation in these variables was detected. The regional distributions of the specialist orthodontic practitioner and the General Dental Practitioner were calculated; and also exhibited a marked regional variation. The relationships between the regional distributions of manpower, treatment rate, and spending on orthodontic treatment were calculated. It was found that there were significant relationships between the regional distribution of manpower and treatment rate and per capita spending, but not cost per case. Possible explanations are discussed.

A Quantitative Study of General Dental Practitioner Orthodontic Care in Scottish Health Board Areas (1966–1975)

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Haynes
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Dental Practitioner ◽  
General Dental Practitioner ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Area Health

A quantitative assessment of the true dental practitioner contribution to orthodontic care in Scottish Health Board areas during the period 1966–1975, shows that the amount of orthodontic treatment given by general dental practitioners in Scotland has diminished in the 10 year period studied. A wide variation was observed in respect of the mean number of orthodontic treatments per year per practitioner, and there was also a lack of uniformity in the proportion of practitioners providing an orthodontic service relative to the different area health boards. The findings have also shown that between 1966–1975, a considerable reduction has occurred in the mean number of practitioner orthodontic treatments commenced each year in the Greater Glasgow and Lothian Health Board areas. The evidence of this study also suggests that orthodontics should become recognized as a postgraduate dental specialty and that it would be appropriate to introduce specialist registration as a means of improving the quality and quantity of orthodontic care within the National Health Service. This should also be accompanied by certain administrative changes, as the present anomalous situation whereby specialist practitioners are permitted to practise within the general dental service should be discontinued.

Who Should Practise Orthodontics?

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Gravely
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Further Training

The provision for orthodontic treatment in the General Dental Service of the NHS is examined. Regional variation in the service is described and evidence presented of dissatisfaction with the treatment received. A case is made for changes in the undergraduate curriculum and for the provision of further training for practitioners.

Abstract P360: Hypertension Treatment Rates And Health Worker Density: An Analysis Of Worldwide Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Mondira Ray ◽  
Valentin Fuster ◽  
Ellen Magenheim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading global risk for mortality and its prevalence is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension treatment rates are low worldwide, potentially in part due to insufficient human resources. However, the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates is unknown. Objective: To conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates worldwide. Methods: Hypertension treatment rates were collected from published reports between 1980 and 2010. Data on health worker (physician and nurse) density were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). Data for potential confounding variables--per capita gross domestic product, hospital bed density, burden of infectious diseases, land area and urban population--were obtained from WHO and World Bank databases. Potential interaction by per capita gross domestic product was evaluated. Multivariable logistic-logarithmic regression analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Full data were available from 146 countries spanning all World Bank income classification categories. Health worker density was significantly associated with hypertension treatment rate in the unadjusted model (beta = 0.23; p < 0.005). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained positive but was not statistically significant (beta = 0.30; p = 0.078) (Figure). Hypertension treatment rates were more strongly related to physician than nurse density (beta = 0.21 vs 0.08; p = 0.10 vs 0.49). Conclusion: Hypertension treatment rates across the world appear to be related to health worker density, although the relationship does not achieve strict statistical significance. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in health worker density is associated with a 2-3% increase in hypertension treatment rate. Given the global burden of hypertension and other chronic diseases, WHO guidelines for health workforce staffing may need to be reconsidered.

Role of the general dental practitioner in managing the risks of orthodontic treatment

BDJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
Prashanth Narayanan ◽  
Badri Thiruvenkatachari ◽  
Andrew T. DiBiase
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Practitioner ◽  
General Dental Practitioner

Pricing for Hill Tourism Destination

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Debasish Batabyal
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Capita Spending ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tangible Product ◽  
Tour Operator

Pricing an alpine tourism is unlike pricing a tangible product. As a part of overall marketing strategy pricing a destination has lot of intricate issues that starts from the basic characteristics of the destination elements to the changing demand aspects. At the time of packaging, an alpine destination by a tour operator or destination promotion organization (DPO), a simplified model, is used that is not essentially limited to an absurd analysis of attraction features through FAM trips a priori. In almost all Indian leisure destinations, tourists are found to be price sensitive and per capita spending is not so high. So, an Indian alpine destination-specific model, based on simple linear regression equation, largely explaining the spending of tourists and thereby implying a modified landscape value has been explained here.

Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and Ultrapasteurized Milk with Different Fat Content in Mexico

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDA CARVAJAL ◽  
ADOLFO BOLAÑOS ◽  
FRANCISCO ROJO ◽  
IGNACIO MÉNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Per Capita

High per capita milk consumption in Mexico indicated a strong need for documentation of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in milk. A survey of 580, 2-liter samples (n = 290), was conducted to quantify AFM1 using high-performance liquid chromatography, considering two maximum tolerance levels (0.05 and 0.5 μg/liter). We relate aflatoxin levels in the seven most consumed brands from different regions, with two processes (pasteurized and ultrapasteurized), different expiration dates, and different fat content: whole fat (28, 30, and 33 g), half-skimmed (10, 16, and 20 g), light (1, 2, and 4 g), and with vegetable oil. Pasteurization and ultrapasteurization did not diminish AFM1 contamination present at levels of 0 to 8.35 μg/liter in 40% of the milk samples at concentrations ≥0.05 μg/liter and in 10% of the samples at ≥0.5 μg/liter. Statistically significant relationships were AFM1 contamination with brand (P = 0.002 at the ≥0.05 μg/liter level and P = 0.034 at the ≥0.5 μg/liter level) and higher AFM1 levels with mild or warm seasons of the year (P = 0.0003). Samples with greater fat content had slightly more probability (P = 0.067) of being contaminated by AFM1 at the ≥0.5 μg/liter level. The milk with the lowest contamination of AFM1 was a brand imported as powder and rehydrated in Mexico.

Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances in the General Dental Service in Scotland

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Teh ◽  
W. J. S. Kerr ◽  
J. H. McColl
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Hospital admissions and emergency department presentations for dental conditions indicate access to hospital, rather than poor access to dental health care in the community

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Yap ◽  
Mei-Ruu Kok ◽  
Soniya Nanda ◽  
Alistair Vickery ◽  
David Whyatt
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Service Accessibility ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dental Conditions

High rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations are thought to reflect poor access to non-hospital dental services. The association between accessibility (geographic and financial) to non-hospital dentists and potentially preventable hospitalisations was examined in Western Australia. Areas with persistently high rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations and emergency department (ED) presentations were mapped. Statistical models examined factors associated with these events. Persistently high rates of dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations were clustered in metropolitan areas that were socioeconomically advantaged and had more dentists per capita (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08) after adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomics, and Aboriginality. Persistently high rates of ED presentations were clustered in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas near metropolitan EDs and with fewer dentists per capita (RR 0.91, 0.88–0.94). A positive association between dental-related potentially preventable hospitalisations and poor (financial or geographic) access to dentists was not found. Rather, rates of such events were positively associated with socioeconomic advantage, plus greater access to hospitals and non-hospital dental services. Furthermore, ED presentations for dental conditions are inappropriate indicators of poor access to non-hospital dental services because of their relationship with hospital proximity. Health service planners and policymakers should pursue alternative indicators of dental service accessibility.

Motivation, expectations and understanding of patients and their parents seeking orthodontic treatment in specialist practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Finn Geoghegan ◽  
Ana Ahmadi Birjandi ◽  
Guilherme Machado Xavier ◽  
Andrew T DiBiase
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
General Dental Practitioner ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Dental Appearance ◽  
Specialist Practice ◽  
Motivating Factor

Objectives: To determine patient and parent/guardian motivation, expectation and understanding of orthodontic treatment. Design: A self-completion questionnaire survey of new patients referred for orthodontic assessment. Setting: Specialist practices in Surrey and Berkshire (United Kingdom). Participants: A total of 500 questionnaires were issued (250 were issued to patients and 250 to parents). Methods: The survey was based on a self-completed questionnaire which was issued at the assessment appointment. Both questionnaires were adapted and extended from originally validated questionnaires previously used in a hospital setting. Patients and parents were asked to complete separate anonymous questionnaires. The patient questionnaire consisted of 24 closed-ended questions divided into three domains: motivation; understanding; and expectation of orthodontic treatment. The parent questionnaire consisted of 13 questions covering the same three domains Results: The response rate for the patient and parent questionnaires was 95% and 91%, respectively. Forty-seven percent of the patients were aged 11–13 years. In 77% of cases, the referral was initiated by their dentist. Only 3% of patients thought there was nothing wrong with their teeth. There was a poor understanding of what a retainer is and for how long patients are expected to use it. Conclusions: Referral for orthodontic treatment was initiated by the patients’ general dental practitioner in the majority of the cases. The anticipation of improved dental appearance was a prime motivating factor. Participants had realistic expectations and there was a good acceptance of appliances and dental extractions for orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, both patients and parents/guardians were less well informed on the nature and duration of orthodontic retention.

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