Concentration of iron oxides from soil clays by 5 m NaOH treatment: the complete removal of sodalite and kaolin

Clay Minerals ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh ◽  
R. J. Gilkes

AbstractThe Kämpf & Schwertmann (1982) procedure for concentrating iron oxides in soil clays by dissolution of kaolin and gibbsite by boiling for 1 h in 5 m NaOH may not dissolve all kaolin, and also results in the precipitation of sodalite. For the complete dissolution of kaolin in kaolin-rich soil clays a boiling time of 2 h in 5 m NaOH was required. The large amounts of sodalite produced were not removed by the prescribed single wash in 0·5 m HCl. Oxalate soluble Al contents of iron oxide concentrates were sometimes very high and dithionite Fe contents were very low both in concentrates containing sodalite, and in those for which sodalite was not detected by XRD, but where a previously unsuspected amorphous sodalite-like phase may have been present. Complete removal of precipitated sodalite was achieved by two extractions with 0·5 m HCl at 25°C for 20 min. This modified procedure does not alter the Al-substitution and crystal size of goethite, hematite and maghemite as determined by XRD measurements.

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Prasetyo ◽  
RJ Gilkes

The properties of iron oxide concentrates of Oxisols and Alfisols on volcanic tuff in West Java, Indonesia, were studied by XRD,TGA, TEM and chemical analysis.Goethite and hematite are the co-dominant iron oxides and are present in all samples. Iron content of the soils (dithionite-soluble Fe) ranges from 6.0 to 15.4%. Aluminium substitution in goethite and hematite ranges between 11 and 26 mol% and 0 and 9 mol% respectively. The Al substitution in hematite increases at about half the rate for goethite within the same samples. Crystal size of goethite and hematite was measured from line broadening of the 110 reflections and ranges between 7 and 18 nm for goethite with a mean value of 10 nm and between 7 and 28 nm for hematite with a mean value of 18 nm. The dehydroxylation temperature of goethite is in the range 290-320 �C and is linearly related to Al substitution by the equation y = 280 + 1.53x, (R(2) = 0.53). The goethite and hematite in these Indonesian soils are very similar to these minerals in tropical and Mediterranean soils from other regions.


Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Friedl ◽  
U. Schwertmann

AbstractTwo sets of natural Al-substituted goethites from contrasting surface environments (24 tropical and subtropical soils vs. ten lake iron ores from Finland) were characterized by Mössbauer spectra obtained at room temperature and 4.2 K. A negative correlation between Bhf and Al substitution (R2 = 0.751) was found by combining the data of all the samples, which was slightly improved (R2 = 0.779) by taking the mean coherence length perpendicular to 111 (MCL111) into account. The effect of Al on lowering Bhf was, however, stronger for the tropical soil goethites than for those of the lake ores. This is parallelled by a corresponding difference in the unit-cell decrease per unit Al substitution. These differences are believed to result from the crystallization conditions in the two different environments.


2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1244-1249
Author(s):  
Lan Hua Zhou ◽  
Fu Hong Zeng ◽  
Wei Gen Wu ◽  
Shu Li Zhang

The both experiments of DSC-TG of vanadic titanomagnetite bearing coal and reduction of the VTMCM pellet in electric furnace were carried out in order to understand the reduction behavior of vanadic titanomagnetite. The results are found that the absorbing heat is very high and reduction products have not only simple phase but also complex solid solutions in the reduction process of vanadic titanomagnetite. It shows that the process is very complex, simple iron oxide and complex iron ones are reduced step-by-step in parallel, the reduction sequence of simple iron oxides and complex ones are Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO and Fe2TiO5, FeTiO3, Fe2TiO4, FeTi2O5, respectively and the required temperature in which iron oxides can well be reduced should be higher than 1300°C.


Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trakoonyingcharoen ◽  
I. Kheoruenromne ◽  
A. Suddhiprakarn ◽  
R.J. Gilkes

Tropical soils developed from various parent materials and under various rainfalls were analysed to identify whether these environmental factors influence the properties of the iron oxides. Iron contents of the soils range from 5 to 134 g/kg, with hematite and goethite being the major secondary iron minerals. Hematite is the dominant iron oxide in all soils developed on limestone irrespective of rainfall, whereas for other parent materials the relative abundance of goethite tends to increase with rainfall. Aluminum substitution in goethite and hematite ranges from 13 to 21 mol% and 7 to 15 mol%, respectively. The mole% Al substitution in hematite is about half the level for goethite in the same soil. Crystal size estimated from X-ray diffraction line broadening ranges from 12 to 47 nm for goethite and from 15 to 44 nm for hematite. Similar sizes were obtained by electron microscopy. The properties of the iron oxides did not vary systematically with parent material or rainfall and are similar to those described by other workers for red tropical soils on diverse parent materials.


Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Anand ◽  
RJ Gilkes

The morphologically distinct materials in Darling Range lateritic duricrust (i.e. loose and cemented pisoliths, concretions, matrix, pisolith coatings and void coatings) exhibit goethite/(goethite + hematite) ratios ranging from 0.15 for individual pisoliths to 1.0 for void coatings. Mole % Al substitution ranged from 20 to 34% in goethite and from 2 to 15% in hematite. Goethite and hematite in pisoliths and concretions were mostly highly Al substituted. Al substitution in goethite was positively related (P < 0.01) to Al substitution in hematite. Al substitution in maghemite was less than 5%. Goethite crystals ranged in size from 130 to 260 A. Hematite crystals ranged from 140 to 520 A, and were systematically smaller in pisoliths. Crystal size of goethite and hematite decreased with increasing Al substitution. Hematite crystals were usually about 50% larger than goethite crystals in the same sample, and crystal sizes of goethite and hematite were positively correlated (P < 0.01). Goethite and hematite occurred as aggregates of subrounded platy crystals. Differences in the properties of goethite and hematite between morphologically distinct materials in single hand specimens are indicative of the complex history of these duricrusts.


Clay Minerals ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wiriyakitnateekul ◽  
A. Suddhiprakarn ◽  
I. Kheoruenromne ◽  
M. N. Smirk ◽  
R. J. Gilkes

AbstractTwenty nine Fe oxide concentrates of Thai soils formed on basalt, sandstone, shale/limestone and granite were investigated. Goethite and hematite are relatively more abundant in granitic and basaltic soils, respectively. Values of Feo/Fed range from 0.01 to 0.28 indicating that free Fe oxides are mostly crystalline.There are no systematic differences in unit-cell dimensions for goethite and hematite in soils on different parent materials. Mean crystallite dimensions calculated from the 110 reflections are greater for hematite than for goethite. Aluminium substitution varies from 8 to 24 mole% for goethite and from 4 to 17 mole% for hematite. The dehydroxylation temperature for goethite ranges from 285ºC to 320ºC. The goethite in basaltic soils has a smaller crystal size and Al substitution, as well as a lower dehydroxylation temperature, compared to soils on other parent materials. The dehydroxylation temperature of goethite is positively related to Al substitution (R = +0.58), MCD110 (R = +0.49) and Ald (R = +0.53). The Mn, Ni, Cr, V and P in these soils occur in Fe oxides rather than as discrete minerals.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
Ilya Kupenko ◽  
...  

Abstract Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully recovered at ambient conditions. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction we determined that Fe7O9 adopts a monoclinic C2/m lattice with the most distorted crystal structure among the binary iron oxides known to date. The synthesis of Fe7O9 opens a new portal to exotic iron-rich (M,Fe)7O9 oxides with unusual stoichiometry and distorted crystal structures. Moreover, the crystal structure and phase relations of such new iron oxide groups may provide new insight into the cycling of volatiles in the Earth’s interior.


2021 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Francis Darwin T. Eugenio ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito

Iron oxides and similar inorganic compounds have served as anti-corrosion fillers for metal coatings. Environmental issues related to the mining of metallic fillers have stimulated interest in alternative fillers such as organic fillers. This paper explores the use of comminuted waste plastic sachets (WPS) as an anti-corrosion filler to resin-based metal coating. Mixture design of experiment was used to study the effect of iron oxide-WPS blends on the film thickness, viscosity, corrosion behavior, and water resistance of the coating. Results show that the film thickness was affected by the presence of iron oxide while the viscosity of the coating was affected by high loads of WPS. Among all coatings, the blend containing 25% iron oxide and 75% WPS produced the highest corrosion resistance. In conclusion, comminuted WPS provided additional corrosion resistance and could serve as an alternative anti-corrosion filler.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cristina Meira Zaparoli ◽  
Nelson Vicente Lovatto Gasparetto

This research aimed to compare the surface morphology of quartz grains of the E and Bt horizons of an Ultisol of the Aratu stream basin, in the city of Floraí, Paraná. The Ultisol is derived from sandstones of the Caiuá Formation and it is subjected to mesothermal humid subtropical climate. The materials from the E horizon showed abundant porosity compared to the Bt horizon ones, due to the filling of pores by coating of clay and iron oxides. On the surface of the quartz grains of the E horizon, several features were identified such as ";craters";, pyramidal microfeatures, gulfs of dissolution, elongated cavities, and silica reprecipitation, resulting from the chemical change, and fragmented grains resulting from a phenomenon called ";plasma infusion."; In the Bt horizon, nearly all the detrital grains were surrounded by clay and iron oxide. The detrital grains of the Bt horizon were better preserved, showing little corrosion features and rare fragmented grains, compared to the E horizon. These analyzes showed that the water flow accounts for the superficial alteration of detrital quartz grains when they are under the influence of humid subtropical climate.  R E S U M OA pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar a morfologia superficial de grãos de quartzo dos horizontes E e Bt de um Argissolo da bacia do córrego Aratu, no município de Floraí, PR. O Argissolo é derivado de arenitos da Formação Caiuá e submetido a clima subtropical úmido mesotérmico. Os materiais do horizonte E apresentam porosidade abundante quando comparados com os do horizonte Bt, em razão do preenchimento dos poros por revestimentos de argila e óxidos de ferro. Foram identificadas na superfície dos grãos de quartzo do horizonte E várias feições tipo “crateras”, microfeições piramidais, golfos de dissolução, cavidades alongadas, reprecipitação de sílica, oriundas da alteração química, e grãos fragmentados devido ao fenômeno denominado “plasma infusion”. No horizonte Bt, praticamente todos os grãos detritais estão envolvidos por argila e óxidos de ferro. Os grãos detritais do horizonte Bt estão mais preservados, exibindo poucas feições de corrosão e raros grãos fragmentados, se comparados com os do horizonte E. Essas análises demonstraram que o fluxo hídrico é o responsável pela alteração superficial dos grãos detritais de quartzo quando sob a influência de clima subtropical úmido. Palavras-chave: Argissolo, morfologia de grãos de quartzo, alteração geoquímica, fluxo hídrico 


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