The occurrence of iron-cordierite in blast-furnace linings

1949 ◽  
Vol 28 (205) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Richardson ◽  
G. R. Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Furnace Campaign

In an earlier paper the authors described the occurrence of artificial kalsilite in the hearth of no. 3 blast-furnace of the Kettering Iron Company. That paper contained a detailed description of the furnace campaign together with the peculiar conditions observed in the excavated hearth which was found to exhibit zoning in a vertical direction. The third zone containing kalsilitc was described in detail, but the only reference to the second zone stated that it was 2 inches deep (fig. 2, p. 77, this vol.) and consisted of a black glassy slag containing numerous crystals of cordierite (p. 78). The detailed examination of this zone now forms the basis of the present paper.

The practice and theory of property in seventeenth-century Bengal

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Shared Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Category ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This study reconstructs the connected history of socio-economic and intellectual practices related to property in seventeenth-century Bengal. From the perspective of socio-economic practices, this study is concerned with the legal transfer of immovable property between individuals. From the perspective of intellectual practice, this study is concerned with how property was understood as an analytical category that stood in a particular relation to an individual. Their connected history is examined by analysing socio-economic practices exemplified in a number of documents detailing the sale and donation of land and then situating these practices within the scholarly analysis of property undertaken by authors within the discipline of nyāya—the Sanskrit discipline dealing primarily with ontology and epistemology. In the first section of the essay, I undertake a detailed examination of available land documents in order to highlight particular conceptions of property. In the second section of the essay, I draw out theoretical issues examined in nyāya texts that relate directly to the concepts expressed in the land documents. In the third and final section of the essay, I discuss the shared language and shared concepts between the documents and nyāya texts. This last section also addresses how the nyāya analysis of property facilitates a better understanding of claims in the documents and what nyāya authors may have been doing in writing about property.

Blast furnace campaign prolongation philosophies in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peters ◽  
P. Schmöle ◽  
P. Rüther ◽  
H.-B. Lüngen
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Furnace Campaign

Johannes Martin Bijvoet, 23 January 1892 - 4 March 1980

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmonious Family

Johannes Martin Bijvoet* was born on 23 January 1892 in Amsterdam. His father, Willem Frederik Bijvoet, owned a dye factory. His mother was Barendina Margaretha Ruefer. He was the third of four sons in a harmonious family. His eldest brother, Willem Frederik, became a well known gynaecologist; his second brother, Bernard, became a famous architect; and his youngest brother, Frederik, succeeded his father in the management of the dye factory. The family lived in a traditional old house on the banks of one of his beloved Amsterdam’s many canals, the Binnenkant. In addition, they owned a small summer house in the dunes near IJmuiden, which was, in Bijvoet’s own words, ‘unequalled for romantic beauty, but in later years wiped out by the extension of a blast furnace site, so that even at an early age I met with the reverse of industrial blessing’. From 1897 to 1903 young Bijvoet went to the primary school ‘Zeemanshoop’ (sailor’s hope) at the Prins Hendrikkade, and from 1903 to 1908 he attended secondary school, the ‘Eerste vijfjarige HBS’ (literally: first five-year higher civil school) on the Keizersgracht. From these early years, spent in the old centre of the city, dated his lifelong attachment to Amsterdam .

The German Cartoon and the Revolution of 1848

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Coupe
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Page ◽  
French And English ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Revolution

The year 1848 witnessed the first great outburst of German political caricature in modern times. In imitation of more illustrious French and English examples, a host of satirical journals sprang up, most of which sought to spice their collections of anecdotes, topical poems and witticisms with at least one full-page cartoon of political content. The treatment of political topics varied considerably from journal to journal, but generally speaking the tendency is to “play it for the laughs”, and it is not so much to the satirical journal as to the satirical print, which in its frequent anonymity and its lack of editorial restrictions enjoyed a freedom undreamed of by more sophisticated publications, that we must look for really uninhibited political comment. Numerically, these prints far exceeded anything the previous centuries had brought forth and in their numbers and in the opinions they express they provide the historian with valuable insights into the climate of public opinion in the “Year of Revolutions”. Individually, however, referring as they often do to otherwise forgotten events and personalities — who are mostly not named but simply represented — these prints can present the historian with almost insuperable problems of interpretation. Presumably for this reason, they have never, so far as I am aware, been subjected to detailed examination and evaluation. Veit Valentin, one of the few men who would have been fully equal to the task, did promise to give an account of them in the third volume of his Geschichte der deutschen Revolution von 1848/9, but so far as I have been able to ascertain, this promised third volume never appeared, and such information about the cartoons of 1848 as is available is largely restricted to the honourable mentions recorded in general histories of caricature and the two short studies produced by the prolific, but somewhat erratic, Eduard Fuchs, 1848 in der Karikatur (Berlin, n.d. [1898]), and Ein vormärzliches Tanzidyll, Lola Montez in der Karikatur (Munich, n.d. [1904]).

The Study on the Bond Strength between Gunning Formed Lining and Surface of Stave with Anchors

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Feng Cao ◽  
Guo Xiang Pan ◽  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Pei Song Tang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Campaign Life ◽  
Brick Lining ◽  
Optimizing Design

To prolong blast furnace campaign life, a great deal of research work has been carried out on the structure of stave cooler in the past decades, which, in turn, produced favorable results. However, due to the different thermal expanding property of the metal stave from that of the brick lining, the latter is subjected to crack, slide and damage. To solve the problem, a new stave cooler has been developed in this paper. Thus, a certain amount of anchors were welded on the traditional stave cooler, the unshaped gunning material can be fixed by anchors and the whole-lining be formed by gunning. The results of thermal simulating indicates: the bonding strength between the surface of stave cooler with anchors and the gunning lining is much higher than that between the surface of traditional stave cooler and the brick lining. Consequently, the service life of blast furnace will be extended. The optimizing design of the anchor was also described in the paper.

Blast furnace campaign extension by fundamental understanding of hearth processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Andreev ◽  
G. Louwerse ◽  
T. Peeters ◽  
J. van der Stel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

scholarly journals True hearth lining wear as blast furnace campaign extension tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Houde ◽  
◽  
Rudolf Hebel ◽  
André Cabral de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Hearth Lining

scholarly journals The Effects of Aluminium Sulphate on Slag Paste Activated with Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Taewan Kim ◽  
Sungnam Hong ◽  
Choonghyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study investigates the characteristics of alkali-activated slag cement using aluminium sulphate (ALS) as an activator. The alkalis NaOH and Na2SiO3 were used as additional activators (denoted by alkali) at 5% and 10% of the weight of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Three types of activators were considered. The first was when ALS was used alone. For the second, ALS and 5% alkali were used together. The third was when ALS and 10% alkali were used. ALS was used at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% based on binder weight. Experimental results show that when ALS was used as a sole activator, the activity of GGBFS was low and its strength was below 1 MPa. However, compressive strength was improved when 5% or 10% alkali and ALS were used at the same time. This was effective at improving mechanical and microstructural performance when used with an additional activator capable of forming a more alkaline environment than using ALS as a sole activator.

Evaluation of Refractory Lining of the Blast Furnace Hearth and Bottom in Five Years of its Operation on the Basis of the Isotherms Shapes

2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopeć ◽  
Bolesław Machulec
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Refractory Lining ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Furnace Hearth ◽  
Furnace Campaign ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
One Year ◽  
Partial Damage

Based on archival temperature measurement data regarding a blast furnace (capacity of 3200 m3) hearth and bottom refractory lining, empirical isotherms T = 300°C, for various periods of the first five years of the furnace campaign were determined. This resulted in an attempt to assess the hearth and bottom refractory lining in the third month and subsequently, in the next years of the blast furnace operation. The empirical isotherms, determined after the first three months, were compared to the isotherms determined using the method of mathematical modelling. These empirical isotherms were compared to each other, respectively in one-year intervals. The most distinctive changes of the hearth and bottom refractory lining were observed during the first three months of the furnace campaign. In the further period of five years, the changes were insignificant. During the early stage of furnace operation, observed deterioration of the refractory lining was associated with partial damage of the bottom ceramic layer and elephants foot-shaped defects of the refractory lining in the lower, thickened parts of the hearth walls. Early, elephants foot-shaped wear of the refractory lining is related to the mechanism of its wash-out by liquid products of the process during tapping, which results from certain maladjustment of the hearth and bottom inner geometry in modern furnaces to the hydrodynamic conditions of metal and slag flow.

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