scholarly journals Quantitative Estimation of Split Products of Fibrinogen in Human Serum, Relation to Diagnosis and Treatment

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARENCE MERSKEY ◽  
GEORGE J. KLEINER ◽  
ALAN J. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bedside Test ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Split products of fibrinogen and fibrin are found in the sera of patients with defibrination syndrome and/or fibrinolysis. They may result from spontaneous (primary) fibrinolysis or secondary fibrinolysis of intravascular fibrin deposits. The split products can be detected by several immunologic methods. Both immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in agar gel show abnormal bands in high-titer pathologic serum samples (usually more than 12 µg./ml.). One of the lines present on immunodiffusion is closer to the point of application than is the other. The position of the closer band might result from the presence of small amounts of fibrinogen-sized molecules or from moderate amounts of partially polymerized or digested fibrin. A precipitin test in a capillary tube offers a simple and sensitive method for demonstrating split products; immediate precipitin occurs with high-titer products but lesser amounts may require up to 18 hours incubation. The Fi test, agglutination of antibody-coated latex particles, is simple, rapid, moderately sensitive, and commercially available but sometimes yields false-positive results. The precipitin or Fi test on thrombin-treated blood, plasma, or serum may be positive when split products are present in high titer, can be read immediately, and thus provides a rapid bedside test. Neither the precipitin nor the Fi test is as sensitive as the tanned red-cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay (TRCHII) for the quantitation of fibrinogen and its split products. This test is sensitive to 2.0-5.0 µg./ml. of fibrinogen or split products and much more reliable than the other methods. For example, 13 of 22 samples with up to 24 µg./ml. of split products yielded negative results with the Fi test and positive results with TRCHII. Because defective and incomplete coagulation may coexist with fibrinolysis in these clinical syndromes, an excess of thrombin must be added to remove thrombin-clottable fibrinogen and establish the presence of nonclottable split products. It was necessary to demonstrate split products to diagnose occult fibrinolysis; throm-treated normal serum was found to contain up to 2.0-5.0µg./ml. of split products. Up to 768 µg./ml. split products were detected in serum from patients with reduced fibrinogen with associated primary fibrinolysis (idiopathic, hepatic disease), induced fibrinolysis (streptokinase, urokinase) or in defibrination syndrome with secondary fibrinolysis (metastatic cancer, abruptio placentae, diffuse allergic vasculitis). In other patients with secondary fibrinolysis, up to 96 µg./ml. were occasionally encountered during and following obstetrical delivery of normal or dead fetus, in pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and rheumatoid arthritis. The actual quantity of split products was of greatest value in assessing clinical progress. Heparin therapy in patients with defibrination syndrome, for example, was associated with a rise in plasma fibrinogen and a fall in the concentration of split products. The data indicate that trace amounts of fibrinolytic split products may occur in normal serum. Larger amounts are found both in primary and secondary fibrinolysis, which are relatively common disorders.

Four rapid serum-urine combination assays of choriogonadotropin (hCG) compared and assessed for their utility in quantitative determinations of hCG

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Mishalani ◽  
J Seliktar ◽  
G D Braunstein
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Hcg Test ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract We evaluated the performance of four visually read pregnancy tests (TestPack Plus hCG Combo, ICON II hCG, SureCell hCG-Serum/Urine and PregnaGen 1-Step) designed to detect increased concentrations of choriogonadotropin (hCG) in either serum or urine samples. The biochemical sensitivities and specificity in both serum and urine samples were similar for each kit. All kits correctly identified pregnancy serum samples: The TestPack Plus hCG Combo and SureCell hCG-Serum/Urine were 100% specific; the other two kits exhibited a few false-positive results. For urine samples the ICON II hCG test was 100% sensitive, and the other three were 99.5% sensitive, with false-positive urine results occasionally reported by the PregnaGen 1-Step and ICON II hCG tests. Quantitative hCG concentrations could be estimated in pregnancy serum samples, but not urine samples, through determination of the time elapsed from the sample application or addition of the final reagent to the first appearance of a positive result.

scholarly journals Potential infectivity of blood from HBsAG asymptomatic carriers due to the presence of HBV-DNA and comparison with other markers of hbv infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valeria Tedeschi ◽  
Cláudia Figueiredo Padilla ◽  
Iná Ferraz De Camargo ◽  
Clara F. Tachibana Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
High Titer ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Positive Results

Serum samples from 356 HBsAg positive asymptomatic carriers, which were titrated by reverse passive hemagglutination, were analysed for the presence of HBV-DNA, HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc. The samples were divided in three classes, according to the titers of HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc and the distribution of HBV-DNA and HBsAg among these classes was studied. In the high titer class of HBsAg, 65% of samples have one or both markers against only 19% in the low titer class. From the total of 356 samples, 121 gave positive results for IgM anti-HBc (33.9%). From these, 38.9% of HBV-DNA and 47.9% of HBeAg were observed, whereas in samples with absence of IgM anti-HBc, 18.3% and 16.6% were respectively found. A higher frequency of agreement between all these markers was found in the class of high titers of HBsAg; however, HBV-DNA was detected in the low titer class of HBsAg and little or no IgM anti-HBc, showing potential blood infectivity even in HBsAg positive borderline samples.

A Pathophysiological Role for ADAMTS13 in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) without Severe ADAMTS13 Deficiency.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1068
Author(s):  
Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga ◽  
James N. George ◽  
Sara K. Vesely ◽  
Deirdre R. Terrell ◽  
Ulrich Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Adamts13 Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Inhibitor Screening ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Adamts13 Deficiency ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background: A severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (<5% of the normal) is a specific finding for an acute thrombotic microangiopathy commonly labeled as idiopathic TTP. However, the sensitivity of this finding for the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic TTP is only ~60% (range 33–100% in different studies) and the pathophysiology underlying idiopathic TTP in the absence of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency has not yet been elucidated. Methods: 74 consecutive patients with acute acquired idiopathic TTP-HUS from the Oklahoma TTP-HUS registry (partly published by Vesely et al. [Blood2003;102:60–8]) were included into this study. For laboratory investigation, serum samples had been withdrawn before initiation of any form of treatment. ADAMTS13 activity was determined by quantitative immunoblotting, ADAMTS13 autoantibodies were evaluated by a routine inhibitor screening test and the TECHNOZYM ADAMTS13 INH ELISA, and patients’ VWF multimers were analyzed by SDS-agarose electrophoresis to assess endogenous VWF proteolysis arisen in vivo. Results: An ADAMTS13 activity <5% was found in 22 (30%), an ADAMTS13 activity <10% in 28 (38%) patients. The ADAMTS13 INH ELISA gave positive results (≥15 arbitrary antibody U/ml) in 48 (65%) patients as well as in 15/113 (13.3%) controls. Setting a higher threshold of 35 arbitrary antibody U/ml (high titer), 33/74 (44.5%) patients and 3 (2.7%) controls showed positive results for autoantibodies to ADAMTS13. Out of these 33 patients, 28 had a positive inhibitor screening test, 24 had an ADAMTS13 activity <10%, and 25 displayed impaired or severely impaired VWF proteolysis on multimer analysis. In the intermediate antibody titer group (15-<35 U/ml) only 2/15 patients had an ADAMTS13 activity <10%, and 14/15 (93%) displayed normal or even increased VWF proteolysis. Of the remaining 26 (35%) patients without detectable ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, 2 (8%) had an ADAMTS13 activity <10%, and 22 (85%) had normal or even increased VWF proteolysis. Conclusions: Most patients suffering from acute idiopathic TTP-HUS and high titers of ADAMTS13 autoantibodies had impaired VWF proteolysis in line with severely decreased ADAMTS13 activity. Patients without ADAMTS13 antibodies as well as the majority of patients with intermediate antibody titers demonstrated normal or even increased VWF proteolysis. (Severely) impaired proteolysis of endogenous VWF was observed in 3 patients with high titer anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies and normal ADAMTS13 activity (50–100%). Thus, our data suggest a pathophysiological role of ADAMTS13 in at least some patients despite normal ADAMTS13 activity by standard assay.

scholarly journals Impact of Lymphovascular Invasion on Prognosis in the Patients with Bladder Cancer—Comparison of Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Kei Yoneda ◽  
Naoto Kamiya ◽  
Takanobu Utsumi ◽  
Ken Wakai ◽  
Ryo Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Positive Results

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) at first transurethral resection of bladder (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) with survival outcomes, and to evaluate the concordance between LVI at first TURBT and RC. (2) Methods: We analyzed 216 patients who underwent first TURBT and 64 patients who underwent RC at Toho University Sakura Medical Center. (3) Results: LVI was identified in 22.7% of patients who underwent first TURBT, and in 32.8% of patients who underwent RC. Univariate analysis identified ≥cT3, metastasis and LVI at first TURBT as factors significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Multivariate analysis identified metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 6.560, p = 0.009) and LVI at first TURBT (HR 9.205, p = 0.003) as significant predictors of CSS. On the other hand, in patients who underwent RC, ≥pT3, presence of G3 and LVI was significantly associated with OS and CSS in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified inclusion of G3 as a significant predictor of OS and CSS. The concordance rate between LVI at first TURBT and RC was 48.0%. Patients with positive results for LVI at first TURBT and RC displayed poorer prognosis than other patients (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: We found that the combination of LVI at first TURBT and RC was likely to provide a more significant prognostic factor.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of ImmunoCAP® ISAC 112: a multi-site study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne van Hage ◽  
Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier ◽  
Chrysanthi Skevaki ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Walter Canonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Clustering And Classification ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background: After the re-introduction of ImmunoCAP Methods: The study was carried out at 22 European and one South African site. Microarrays from different batches, eight specific IgE (sIgE) positive, three sIgE negative serum samples and a calibration sample were sent to participating laboratories where assays were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: For both the negative and positive samples results were consistent between sites, with a very low frequency of false positive results (0.014%). A similar pattern of results for each of the samples was observed across the 23 sites. Homogeneity analysis of all measurements for each sample were well clustered, indicating good reproducibility; unsupervised hierarchical clustering and classification via random forests, showed clustering of identical samples independent of the assay site. Analysis of raw continuous data confirmed the good accuracy across the study sites; averaged standardized, site-specific ISU-E values fell close to the center of the distribution of measurements from all sites. After outlier filtering, variability across the whole study was estimated at 25.5%, with values of 22%, 27.1% and 22.4% for the ‘Low’, ‘Moderate to High’ and ‘Very High’ concentration categories, respectively. Conclusions: The study shows a robust performance of the ImmunoCAP

scholarly journals OSMOTIC PRESSURE STUDY OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS IN NORMAL AND IN NEPHROTIC SUBJECTS

1939 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaques Bourdillon
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Normal Albumin

In serum of patients with nephrosis both albumin and globulin showed by osmotic pressure nearly double the molecular weights of normal albumin and globulin. In the urines of such patients, on the other hand, both proteins showed molecular weights lower even than in normal serum. The colloidal osmotic pressures were measured by the author's method at such dilutions that the van't Hoff law relating pressures to molecular concentrations could be directly applied. For the albumin and globulin of normal serum the molecular weights found were 72,000 and 164,000 respectively, in agreement with the weights obtained by other methods.

Immune responses of Texel sheep to excretory/secretory products of adult Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. F. H. Schallig ◽  
M. A. W. van Leeuwen ◽  
W. M. L. Hendrikx
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Secretory Products

SUMMARYThe excretory/secretory (E/S) products of adult Haemonchus contortus comprise of at least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10 to > 100 kDa. These E/S products induce an immune response in infected Texel sheep, as demonstrated by specific IgGI levels and a significant lymphocyte proliferation index. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera of primary H. contortus-infected sheep specifically recognize a 24 kDa E/S product. In addition, sera of challenged sheep react strongly with a 15 kDa E/S product. The other E/S products of H. contortus showed immunoreactivity with serum samples of Haemonchus-infected sheep as well as with samples of sheep harbouring other trichostrongylid infections. These cross-reacting epitopes are the main cause of the lack of specificity of an E/S material- based ELISA. This ELISA can differentiate Haemonchus infections from Nematodirus battus infections, but not from Ostertagia circumcincta or Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections.

scholarly journals Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio José Clementino ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Evelise Oliveira Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. The State was divided into three regions. Herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 3,489 serum samples from 674 herds were collected. In each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was conducted. This questionnaire focused on herd traits, as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were confirmed by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal had positive results for both the RBT and the 2-ME test. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the State were 4.6% [3.2-6.5%] and 2.5% [1.1-3.9%], respectively. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 3.2% [1.5-6.6%] and 1.7% [0.5-5.7%]; region 2, 2.2% [0.9-5.2%] and 0.7% [0.3-1.7%]; and region 3, 7.9% [5.0-12.2%] and 3.2% [1.6-6.3%]. The risk factor (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection was Zebuine as the predominant breed (OR=12.30 [1.32-114.64]).

scholarly journals The Glucosamine Controversy; A Pharmacokinetic Issue

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi ◽  
Fakhreddin Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Rule Out

Glucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring aminosugar that is widely used to treat osteoarthritis despite controversial clinical trial results. Animal studies, on the other hand, unequivocally suggest anti-inflammatory and disease modifying effects for GlcN. Many explanations have been offered as to the root of the controversy. They include superiority of a crystalline sulphate salt over HCl, industry bias, insensitive assessment metrics and poor methodology. Herein, we rule out a difference in bioequivalence between GlcN salts and that of chemically equivalent doses and suggest additional factors; i.e., inconsistency in the chemical potency of some products used, under-dosing of patients as well as variable and erratic bioavailability indices for the lack of GlcN efficacy observed in some studies. Clinical trials using higher doses of pharmaceutical grade GlcN or formulations with greater bioavailability should yield positive results. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Quantitative Approach for the Serodiagnosis of Canine Lyme Disease by the Immunoblot Procedure

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2628-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Guerra ◽  
Edward D. Walker ◽  
Uriel Kitron
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Logistic Regression Equation

Serum samples obtained from healthy, asymptomatic dogs in areas of Wisconsin and northern Illinois where Lyme disease is endemic or nonendemic were assayed for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and positive results were confirmed by immunoblot assay. We found that 56.9% (562 of 1,077) of the samples were positive by ELISA and 82.0% (461 of 562) were positive by immunoblotting. A logistic regression model was developed to distinguish between nonvaccinated dogs naturally infected with B. burgdorferi from areas where the disease is endemic and dogs from areas where the disease is nonendemic that were vaccinated against Lyme disease. Of the 18 protein bands analyzed, 8 were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two groups. p93, p34, p31, and p28 occurred with increased frequency in vaccinated dogs, while p58, p37, p35, and p30 occurred more frequently in naturally infected dogs. The logistic regression equation obtained was used to determine the probability of natural infection among vaccinated dogs residing in areas where the disease is endemic. Of 125 samples, 87.2% had a very low probability of natural infection and only 2.4% were highly likely to be infected. Logistic regression is a useful method for distinguishing between vaccinated and naturally infected dogs and predicting the serological status of vaccinated dogs from areas where Lyme disease is endemic.

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