scholarly journals Energy Metabolism of Human Leukemic Lymphocytes and Granulocytes

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN LASZLO ◽  
Clarence Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Energy Phosphate

Abstract 1. Leukocytes taken from patients having acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are characterized by high respiratory rates and low to absent aerobic glycolysis. Leukemic granulocytes have low respiratory rates and high aerobic glycolysis. 2. Lymphocytes and granulocytes have the capacity for high glycolytic rates under anaerobic conditions. 3. Lymphocyte respiration is independent of glucose concentration in contrast to granulocyte respiration. 4. High energy phosphate levels of lymphocytes and granulocytes are unchanged if these cells are incubated aerobically, either with or without glucose, or anaerobically in the presence of glucose. 5. Aerobic glycolysis can be induced in lymphocytes by the addition of foreign plasma. Foreign plasma may also alter granulocyte metabolism.

Control mechanisms in blood fluidity: role of adenosine triphosphate

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Pilgeram ◽  
D. A. Loegering
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Fluidity ◽  
Phosphate Linkage ◽  
Glass Surfaces

A possible role for cellular energy metabolism in the control of the blood clotting mechanism has been shown. High-energy phosphate was found to strongly inhibit the recalcification time of plasma prepared with siliconized or glass surfaces. The nucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, in crystalline form and chromatographically pure, will inhibit or completely prevent coagulation in vitro. Reactivity is based primarily on the high-energy phosphate linkage and secondarily upon the nucleoside, adenosine. The principal site of action for ATP is on an unidentified precursor of thromboplastin. Available evidence indicates an important role for energy metabolism in the cellular mechanisms which effect a control over thromboplastin generation and its possible thrombotic and arteriosclerotic sequelae. cellular control mechanisms; blood fluidity; thrombosis arteriosclerosis; aging Submitted on July 1, 1963

scholarly journals A Direct Assay for Dihydrofolate Reductase in Human Leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemoid Reaction ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Direct Assay

Abstract A new direct spectrophotometric assay for dihydrofolate reductase has been developed. The reaction is observed at 282 mµ and is based on the disappearance of dihydrofolate. Based on this assay, the values for normal leukocytes are 0-5 mµmoles of dihydrofolate reduced to tetrahydrofolate, per mg. of protein per hour at 28 C. The respective values for chronic myelogenous leukemic granulocytes are 25-67, chronic lymphocytic leukemia 0-18, acute lymphocytic leukemia 7-19, and for leukocytes of leukemoid reaction 4 to 5.

TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator Protects from Spontaneous Apoptosis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5101-5101
Author(s):  
Ming Hong ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Huihui Zhao ◽  
Yue Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Spontaneous Apoptosis ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stromal Microenvironment ◽  
Binet Stage

Abstract The circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells appear not to be overly utilizing aerobic glycolysis. However, CLL cells' recurrent contact with the stromal microenvironment leads to an increase of aerobic glycolysis and the cells' overall glycolytic capacity, which promotes cell survival and proliferation. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) has been directly implicated in cellular metabolism in the control of glycolysis. TIGAR inhibits glycolysis and protects cells from intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated apoptosis. Here, we investigated correlation between TIGAR expression and apoptosis in CLL primary cells, along with its relationship with the clinical characteristics and prognosis in 102 newly diagnosed CLL patients. Our data showed TIGARoverexpression correlated with protection from spontaneous apoptosis in CLL cells, and is strongly associated with advanced Binet stage, unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) status, CD38 positivity, β2-microglobulin and p53 aberrations. Higher expression of TIGAR was associated with briefer treatment-free survival (median: 3 months vs. 51 months, p = 0.0108) and worse overall survival (median: 74 months vs. not reached, p = 0.0242), as well as their diverse responses to fludarabine based chemotherapy. TIGAR expression of the patients who were resistant to chemotherapy was significantly higher than those who were sensitive to chemotherapy (mean: 0.3859±0.1710 vs. 0.0974±0.0291, p = 0.0290). Taken together, our findings depict how bioenergetics characteristics could be therapeutically exploited in CLL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Effect of hyperventilation on dynamics of cerebral energy metabolism

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kogure ◽  
R Busto ◽  
A Matsumoto ◽  
P Scheinberg ◽  
OM Reinmuth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Cerebral Energy Metabolism ◽  
Extreme Degree

Hypocapnia of moderate and extreme degree (Paco2 21.1 and 13.5 torr, respectively)was induced by hyperventilation in rats subjected to the closed system of Lowry inorder to evaluate the effects on utilization rate of cerebral energy metabolites. The tissue levels of high-energy phosphates and calculated intracellular pH did not change, whereas glucose, pyruvate, and lactate increased significantly. The La/Pyratio and NADH/NAD-+ RATIO BOTH INCREASED IN PROPORTION TO THE DEGREE OF HYPOCAPNIA.Utilization rates of glucose, glycogen, and ATP were all significantly reduced by hypocapnia, whereas the utilization rate of phosphocreatine was increased. The rate oftotal high-energy phosphate use was also diminished in proportion to the degree of hypocapnia. The constant value of the energy charge (0.94 plus or minus 0.01) indicates that the energy production rate might also be reduced by hyperventilation; thus the intermediate metabolics and substrates increased. It is concluded that extreme hypocapnia reduces the rate of cerebral energy metabolism significantly.

Cardiovascular involvement in blood cancers: ALL, AML, CLL, and CML

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Yazdanparast ◽  
Gholamreza Fathpour ◽  
Shirin Saberianpour
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Secondary Tumors ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

Global cancer statistics will continue to grow in the coming years. Leukemia is the fifth leading cause of death in the world and the second one in Iran; therefore, it is very important to study the affected areas, including the cardiovascular system in this disease. In heart cancer, tumors whose primary origin is the heart are called primary tumors, which are very rare. Tumors that originate in other parts of the body and spread to the heart are called secondary tumors. Although heart cancer is still rare, most cancers found in the heart come from other parts of the body and are considered as secondary tumors. The symptoms of metastatic heart cancer vary and depend on the location and extent of the lesion. Cancer can also affect the heart in other ways. One of these ways is the effect of the treatments used, which is reported among acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia due to the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the main drug in reducing mortality among these patients. Pericardial involvement is reported to be the most common cardiovascular complication of drug use among different kinds of leukemias. In this article, we try to collect cardiovascular evidence related to acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia, separately.

scholarly journals Microspectrophotometric Estimation of the Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Content of Individual Normal and Leukemic Human Lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS L. PETRAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract The DNA content, in arbitrary units, of individual circulating lymphocytes from nine normal subjects, nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and five patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia was estimated microspectrophotometrically with the Feulgen dye. Normal circulating lymphocytes were found to contain twice the average DNA content of normal human spermatids, corroborating their diploid chromosome number. Lymphocytes from normal and leukemic lymph node and bone marrow were frequently found possessing four times the average spermatid DNA value. Three out of nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and four of five patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia had significantly increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes containing DNA values which were elevated above the normal diploid value. The patients demonstrating cells with elevated DNA values were in a clinically exacerbated phase of their disease. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Effects of inotropic stimulation on energy metabolism and systolic function of ischemic right ventricle

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. H1821-H1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Greyson ◽  
J. Garcia ◽  
M. Mayr ◽  
G. G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
High Energy Phosphate

This study determined whether dobutamine enhances regional systolic function in the ischemic right ventricle (RV) at the cost of adverse effects on regional energy metabolism. Seventeen alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest pigs were studied under four conditions: 1) control; 2) dobutamine infusion (mean dose 9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1); 3) RV ischemia (45 +/- 5% reduction in RV free wall blood flow for 100 min); and 4) continued ischemia with dobutamine. Regional RV free wall high-energy phosphate metabolites were measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or by high-speed drill biopsies of the RV free wall. Regional RV free wall substrate and O2 consumption were measured using coronary venous blood sampling. Global RV systolic function was assessed by the maximal first derivative of RV pressure (dP/dtmax), and regional RV free wall systolic function was assessed by systolic segment shortening in the ischemic zone. Right coronary artery constriction caused markedly depressed regional RV systolic function, net lactate production, and coronary venous acidosis. Surprisingly, high-energy phosphates were unchanged compared with control. Addition of dobutamine caused a further decline in coronary venous pH and continued lactate production but did not reduce high-energy phosphates. While dobutamine markedly enhanced global RV systolic function (RV dP/dtmax 201 +/- 19% of control), systolic shortening in the ischemic RV free wall remained severely depressed (47 +/- 18% of control) despite dobutamine. The mechanism of high-energy phosphate preservation is likely due to diminished consumption of ATP in the hypocontractile ischemic region.

Effect of calcium depletion and calcium paradox on myocardial energy metabolism

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1384-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Schaffer ◽  
Boen H. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Paradox ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Depletion ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Myocardial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Contractility Of The Heart

Both phases of the calcium paradox were associated with major alterations in myocardial energy metabolism. During calcium-free perfusion contractility of the heart ceased, resulting in a dramatic decrease in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism but no change in tissue high energy phosphate levels. Tissue content of most citric acid cycle intermediates were elevated, while there was a net decrease in the content of transaminase-linked amino acids. Reperfusion of the calcium-depleted heart with calcium-containing buffer failed to restore either the contractile or the metabolic state of the heart. Within seconds following calcium repletion, tissue high energy phosphate content plummeted. This occurred even though glucose utilization increased significantly and aerobic metabolism remained at levels observed in the calcium-depleted heart. Analogous to changes seen in acidosis and ischemia, α-ketoglutarate and citrate levels decreased abruptly. After a short delay, the levels of several key amino acids also dropped. The results support the hypothesis that the impairment of mitochondrial function contributes to the depletion of high energy phosphate stores during the calcium paradox.

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