scholarly journals The presence of emphysema on chest imaging and mid-life cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 00048-2021
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Henkle ◽  
Laura A. Colangelo ◽  
Mark T. Dransfield ◽  
Lifang Hou ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Learning Test

BackgroundAirflow obstruction is associated with cognitive dysfunction but studies have not assessed how emphysema, a structural phenotype of lung disease, might be associated with cognitive function independent from pulmonary function measured by spirometry. We aimed to determine the relationship between the presence of visually detectable emphysema on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging and cognitive function.MethodsWe examined 2491 participants, mean age of 50 years, from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who were assessed for the presence of emphysema on chest CT imaging and had cognitive function measured 5 years later with a battery of six cognitive tests.ResultsOf those assessed, 172 (7%) had emphysema. After adjusting for age, sex, height, study centre, race, body mass index, education and smoking, visual emphysema was significantly associated with worse performance on most cognitive tests. Compared to those without emphysema, participants with emphysema performed worse on cognitive testing: 0.39 sd units lower (95% CI −0.53– −0.25) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 0.27 sd units lower (95% CI −0.42– −0.12) on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, 0.29 sd units lower (95% CI −0.43– −0.14) on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and 0.25 sd units lower (95% CI −0.42– −0.09) on letter fluency. Further adjustment for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak FEV1 and annualised FEV1 decline did not attenuate these associations.ConclusionsThe presence of emphysema on chest CT is associated with worse cognitive function, independent of airflow obstruction. These data suggest that emphysema may be a novel risk factor for cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Whitaker ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Monica Ahrens ◽  
Barbara Sternfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background To determine if accelerometer measured sedentary behavior (SED), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is prospectively associated with cognitive function. Methods and Results Participants were 1970 adults enrolled in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who wore an accelerometer in 2005 to 2006 (ages 38–50 years) and had cognitive function assessments completed 5 and/or 10 years later. SED, LPA, and MVPA were measured by an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer. Cognitive function tests included the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop Test. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis examined associations of SED, LPA, and MVPA with repeated measures of the cognitive function standardized scores. In men, statistical reallocation of 30 minutes of LPA with 30 minutes of MVPA resulted in an estimated difference of SD 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01–0.14), SD 0.09 (95% CI, 0.02–0.17), and SD −0.11 (95% CI, −0.19 to −0.04) in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop scores, respectively, indicating better performance. Associations were similar when reallocating time in SED with MVPA, but results were less robust. Reallocation of time in SED with LPA resulted in an estimated difference of SD −0.05 (95% CI, −0.06 to −0.03), SD −0.03 (95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01), and SD 0.05 (95% CI, 0.03– 0.07) in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop scores, respectively, indicating worse performance. Associations were largely nonsignificant among women. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that for men, higher‐intensity activities (MVPA) may be necessary in midlife to observe beneficial associations with cognition.

scholarly journals Cognitive Status of Patients Judged Fit for Discharge from the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit after General Anaesthesia. A Randomized Comparison between Desflurane and Propofol Anaesthesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Robert ◽  
Anne Soulier ◽  
Didier Sciard ◽  
Guillaume Dufour ◽  
Corinne Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Post Anaesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Anaesthesia Care

Abstract Background: The Aldrete's score is used to determine when a patient can safely leave the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and be transferred to the surgical ward. The Aldrete score is based on the evaluation of vital signs and consciousness. Cognitive functions at the time the patient is judged fit for discharge from the PACU (Aldrete’s score ≥9) had not yet been studied. The aim of this trial was to assess the cognitive status of inpatients emerging either from desflurane or propofol anesthesia, at the time of PACU discharge (Aldrete score ≥9). Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane or propofol anesthesia. Patients were evaluated the day before surgery using Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop Test and Verbal Learning Test. After surgery, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min until reaching a score ≥9. At this time, the same battery of cognitive tests was applied. Every tests were evaluated separately. Cognitive status was reported using a combined Z score pooling together the results all 3 cognitive tests. Results: Among the 3 tests, only DSST was significantly reduced at Aldrete Score ≥9 in the Dsflurane group. Combined Z-scores at Aldrete Score ≥9 were (in medians [interquartils]): -0.2 [-1.2;+0.6] and -0.4 [-1.1;+0.4] for desflurane and propofol groups respectively (P=0.62). The majority of patients did not present any cognitive dysfunction at Aldrete score ≥9 (24 patients out of 27 in the Propofol group and 23 patients out of 25 in the Desflurane group). Conclusion: An Aldrete score ≥9 was associated with satisfactory cognitive function recovery in the majority of the patients after a lower limb arthroplastic surgery under general anesthesia. No difference was observed between desflurane and propofol. This reinforces the clinical value of Aldrete score to state about ability to leave the PACU in safety conditions. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials identifier NCT 02036736

scholarly journals Cognitive status of patients judged fit for discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit after general anaesthesia: a randomized comparison between desflurane and propofol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Robert ◽  
Anne Soulier ◽  
Didier Sciard ◽  
Guillaume Dufour ◽  
Corinne Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Post Anaesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Anaesthesia Care

Abstract Background The Aldrete’s score is used to determine when a patient can safely leave the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and be transferred to the surgical ward. The Aldrete score is based on the evaluation of vital signs and consciousness. Cognitive functions according to the anaesthetic strategy at the time the patient is judged fit for discharge from the PACU (Aldrete’s score ≥ 9) have not been previously studied. The aim of this trial was to assess the cognitive status of inpatients emerging either from desflurane or propofol anaesthesia, at the time of PACU discharge (Aldrete score ≥ 9). Methods Sixty adult patients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane or propofol anaesthesia. Patients were evaluated the day before surgery using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop Color Test and Verbal Learning Test. After surgery, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min until reaching a score ≥ 9. At this time, the same battery of cognitive tests was applied. Each test was evaluated separately. Cognitive status was reported using a combined Z score pooling together the results of all 3 cognitive tests. Results Among the 3 tests, only DSST was significantly reduced at Aldrete Score ≥ 9 in the Desflurane group. Combined Z-scores at Aldrete Score ≥ 9 were (in medians [interquartils]): − 0.2 [− 1.2;+ 0.6] and − 0.4 [− 1.1;+ 0.4] for desflurane and propofol groups respectively (P = 0.62). Cognitive dysfunction at Aldrete score ≥ 9 was observed in 3 patients in the Propofol group and in 2 patients in the Desflurane group) (P = 0.93). Conclusion No difference was observed in cognitive status at Aldrete score ≥ 9 between desflurane and propofol anaesthesia. Although approximately 10% of patients still had cognitive dysfunctions, an Aldrete score ≥ 9 was associated with satisfactory cognitive function recovery in the majority of the patients after lower limb arthroplasty surgery under general anaesthesia. Trial registration Clinical Trials identifier NTC02036736.

Effect of Hypertension Duration and Blood Pressure Control During Early Adulthood on Cognitive Function in Middle Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haobin Zhou ◽  
Zongyuan Zhu ◽  
Changsong Liu ◽  
Yujia Bai ◽  
Qiong Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Objective: We aim to explore the association between the duration of hypertension in early adulthood, with cognitive function in midlife. Furthermore, we investigate whether this asssociation is altered among participants with controlled BP. Methods: This prospective study included 2,718 adults aged 18–30 years without hypertension at baseline who participated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Duration of hypertension was calculated based on repeat measurements of BP performed at 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years after baseline. Cognitive function was assessed at Year-25 using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Stroop test. Results: After multivariable adjustment, a longer hypertension duration was associated with worse verbal memory (RAVLT, p trend = 0.002) but not with processing speed (DSST, p trend = 0.112) and executive function (Stroop test, p trend = 0.975). Among subgroups of participants with controlled (BP < 140/90 mmHg) and uncontrolled (SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg) BP at the time of cognitive assessment (i.e., Year-25 BP), longer duration of hypertension was associated with worse verbal memory. Similar results were observed in subgroups with controlled and uncontrolled average BP prior to cognitive assessment. Conclusion: Longer duration of hypertension during early adulthood is associated with worse verbal memory in midlife regardless of current or long-term BP control status. The potential risk of hypertension associated cognitive decline should not be overlooked in individuals with a long duration of hypertension, even if BP levels are controlled.

Abstract 035: Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Functioning 25 Years Later: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P Reis ◽  
Catherine M Loria ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age is associated with later adulthood cognitive dysfunction; however, the consequences of suboptimal cardiovascular health in young adulthood are unclear. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a cohort of white and black men and women who were 18-30 years when a series of health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose) were measured during a baseline clinic examination in 1985-1986. Included in the current study were 2,577 participants who completed an examination 25 years later when a cognitive battery to assess psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), executive function (modified Stroop Test), and verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]) were administered. Ideal levels for each behavior and factor were defined according to the 2020 American Heart Association Goals for Cardiovascular Health. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. Results: At baseline, the percentage of participants with 0-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-7 ideal health factors were 1.2%, 7.2%, 19.6%, 34.9%, 29.2%, and 7.8%, respectively. Adjusted mean DSST and RAVLT scores were higher among those with a greater number of ideal health factors ( Table ). Each additional factor at the ideal level was associated with a 0.78-point higher DSST score (95% CI: 0.28 to 1.28) and a 0.13-point higher memory score (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.25). Results did not differ by race or sex (p-interaction > 0.05). The ideal cardiovascular health score was not associated with performance on the Stroop Test. Conclusion: In this population-based sample, ideal cardiovascular health in young adulthood was independently associated with cognitive functioning in midlife. Table. Adjusted * mean (standard error) cognitive function scores at Year 25 by number of ideal health behaviors and factors at baseline: CARDIA (n=2,577). No. of Ideal Health Factors at Baseline (% of population) 0-1 (1.2%) 2 (7.2%) 3 (19.6%) 4 (34.9%) 5 (29.2%) 6-7 (7.8%) p-trend DSST 70.0 (2.5) 65.7 (1.0) 68.7 (0.6) 69.4 (0.5) 70.0 (0.5) 69.9 (1.0) 0.003 Stroop Test 21.5 (1.6) 21.2 (0.6) 21.0 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.4 (0.5) 0.14 RAVLT 7.4 (0.6) 7.6 (0.2) 8.0 (0.1) 8.2 (0.1) 8.3 (0.1) 8.1 (0.2) 0.02 * Adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. DSST=Digit Symbol Substitution Test; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

Abstract P423: Lactation Duration is Associated With Favorable Cognitive Function in Women During Midlife: The 30-year Cardia Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica P Gunderson ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
Jennifer Lui ◽  
Kristine Yaffe ◽  
Stephen Sidney
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Women ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Category Fluency ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
Fluency Test

Introduction: Lactation has been associated with lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and early atherosclerosis in women across the childbearing years. The lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases related to higher lifetime lactation may also extend to levels of cognitive function during midlife. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that lactation duration is associated with better cognitive function in women during midlife independent of antecedent risk factors, as well as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Methods: We included 904 women aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-86) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study without no diabetes before ≥1 birth(s) after baseline, reported lactation duration for each post-baseline birth, and had 6 measures of cognitive function assessed at Year 30 (2015-16) including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Letter Fluency Test, and Category Fluency Test. Linear regression models estimated mean (95%CI) cognition scores by lactation duration (none, >0 to 6 mos, > 6 to <12 mos, ≥12 mos) adjusted for race, age, BMI, blood pressure, parity, and follow up covariates (Table 1). Results: Among parous women (46% black, 54% white) at 30-year follow up, average age was 54 yrs and 47% had obesity, 61% delivered ≥2 births since baseline, 29% used anti-hypertensive medications and 16% developed overt diabetes. Black women were less likely to report >6 mos of total lactation for all births than white women (23% vs. 58%). Unadjusted and fully adjusted mean scores for 3 cognitive function measures had graded direct associations with increasing lactation duration; specifically, the RAVLT, MoCA and Category Fluency Test scores (all p-trend < 0.01). Conclusions: In this prospective study, longer lactation duration was associated with more favorable cognition scores among women during midlife.

scholarly journals Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1433
Author(s):  
Xuanxia Mao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

ABSTRACT Background Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. Methods A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline in 1985–1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. Results Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: −2.87; 95% CI: −4.24, −1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.

scholarly journals Remote Ecological Momentary Testing of Learning and Memory in Adults With Serious Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M Parrish ◽  
Snigdha Kamarsu ◽  
Philip D Harvey ◽  
Amy Pinkham ◽  
Colin A Depp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
List Memory

Abstract Smartphone-based ecological mobile cognitive tests (EMCTs) can measure cognitive abilities in the real world, complementing traditional neuropsychological assessments. We evaluated the validity of an EMCT of recognition memory designed for use with people with serious mental illness, as well as relevant contextual influences on performance. Participants with schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder (BD) completed in-lab assessments of memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, HVLT), other cognitive abilities, functional capacity, and symptoms, followed by 30 days of EMCTs during which they completed our Mobile Variable Difficulty List Memory Test (VLMT) once every other day (3 trials per session). List length on the VLMT altered between 6, 12, and 18 items. On average, participants completed 75.3% of EMCTs. Overall performance on VLMT 12 and 18 items was positively correlated with HVLT (ρ = 0.52, P &lt; .001). People with BD performed better on the VLMT than people with SZ. Intraindividual variability on the VLMT was more specifically associated with HVLT than nonmemory tests and not associated with symptoms. Performance during experienced distraction, low effort, and out of the home location was reduced yet still correlated with the in-lab HVLT. The VLMT converged with in-lab memory assessment, demonstrating variability within person and by different contexts. Ambulatory cognitive testing on participants’ personal mobile devices offers more a cost-effective and “ecologically valid” measurement of real-world cognitive performance.

Abstract P400: Dietary Pattern is Associated with Better Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhu ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Katie A Meyer ◽  
Ka He ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Diet Score

Primary prevention of cognitive function decline is important for a middle-aged population, but further evidence about the influence of dietary pattern is needed. An A Priori Diet Quality Score (diet score) and cognitive function were studied in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of black and white men and women aged 18-30 in 1985-86 (year 0, Y0). We hypothesized that a higher diet score, measured at Y0 and Y20, predicts better cognitive function measured at Y25. The diet scores incorporated 46 foods groups (each in servings/day categorized into quintiles), with higher scores indicating higher quality diets. The score was the sum of quintile ranks of foods rated healthy, 0 for foods rated neutral, and reversed quintile ranks of foods rated less healthy. Cognitive tests at Y25 measured verbal memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)), psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and executive function (Stroop Test). Higher cognitive function is reflected by higher RAVLT and DSST scores and lower Stroop Test scores. For each additional 10 units of diet score at Y20, the RAVLT was 0.23 words recalled higher, the DSST was 0.87 digits higher, and the Stroop Test score was 0.69 lower. Diet score measured at Y0 was less strongly but still significantly associated with cognitive scores. In exploratory analysis, we found that education modified the relation between diet pattern and cognitive function measures, e.g. diet and DSST at Y20 were associated in less educated subjects, but not in higher educated subjects (P for interaction =0.02). In conclusion, higher diet score was associated with better cognitive function 5 years later in apparently healthy middle-aged adults. However, diet pattern was not related to some measures of cognitive function in better educated subjects, conceivably because of compensatory behaviors in better educated people that would maintain higher cognitive function scores, despite lower quality diet.

Abstract P376: Associations Between Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity And Sedentary Time On Cognitive Function In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Hoffmann ◽  
Megan E Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with increased risk for cognitive decline. Lifestyle behaviors such as moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reduced sedentary time (ST) may mitigate this decline, but limited research exists. The aim of the study was to examine the joint association of MVPA and ST on cognitive function by CVD status. Adults (n=2844, ≥60yrs) from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent cognitive testing (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]; Animal Fluency [AF]). Participants reported minutes of MVPA per week (categorized by U.S. PA Guidelines: ≥ 150min MPA and/or ≥ 75min VPA PA vs <150min MPA and <75min VPA), and typical ST per day (≤7hrs vs >7hrs ) , and reported physician-diagnosed CVD (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, or heart failure). Weighted linear regression analyses assessed the joint association of MVPA and ST on cognitive function, and tested the modifying effect of CVD status (alpha level for interaction terms set at 0.1) after adjustment for demographics, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and depression symptomatology. See Table. There were significant main effects for combined MVPA-ST groups on DSST (Wald F (3,30)=4.92, p =.007) and AF (Wald F (3,30)=5.01, p =.006). Individuals who did not engage in MVPA regardless of ST had significantly worse scores on DSST compared to the reference group. There was a significant main effect for CVD on DSST (Wald F (1,32)=8.82, p =.006). There was a significant interaction between MVPA-ST groups and CVD status on DSST (Wald F (3,30)=3.691, p =.023). Stratified analyses indicated among individuals with CVD, the buffering effect of MVPA was maintained, but the interaction was not significant for those without CVD. In a sample of adults with a history of CVD, meeting recommendations for MVPA appeared to preserve executive functioning regardless of ST. This research highlights the added importance for people with a history of CVD to participate in the recommended amount of MVPA.

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