PPARα L162V underlies variation in serum triglycerides and subcutaneous fat volume in young males

The relationship between metabolic disorders and the distribution of fat in different body regions is not clearly understood in humans. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable method for assessing the regional distribution of fat deposits and their metabolic effects in dogs. Twenty-five dogs were subjected to computed tomographic (CT) imaging and blood sampling in order to characterise their metabolic status. The different fat areas were measured on a cross-sectional scan, and the animals’ metabolic status was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, insulin and leptin levels. The volume of visceral adipose tissue is the main determinant of leptin levels. The correlation of visceral fat volume and leptin concentration was found to be independent of insulin levels or the degree of insulin resistance. There was a positive correlation between the visceral to subcutaneous fat volume ratio and serum insulin concentration, and a similar trend was observed in the relationship of fat ratio and insulin resistance. The distribution of body fat essentially influences the metabolic parameters in dogs, but the effects of adiposity differ between humans and dogs. The findings can facilitate a possible extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans with regard to the metabolic consequences of different obesity types.

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Estimation of abdominal subcutaneous fat volume of obese adults from single-slice MRI data – Regression coefficients and agreement

European Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 109184

Author(s):

Nicolas Linder ◽

Sophia Michel ◽

Tobias Eggebrecht ◽

Alexander Schaudinn ◽

Matthias Blüher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Single Slice ◽

Data Regression ◽

Fat Volume

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Visceral fat as a predictive marker of response to bevacizumab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e14665 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e14665-e14665

Author(s):

Yuji Miyamoto ◽

Yasuo Sakamoto ◽

Masayuki Watanabe ◽

Hideo Baba

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Line Treatment ◽

First Line ◽

Chemotherapy Group ◽

Fat Volume ◽

First Line Treatment

e14665 Background: A large amount of visceral adipose tissue might be correlated with high VEGF levels and with resistance to bevacizumab-based regimens in metastasic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The aim is to evaluate that abdominal obesity can be a predictive marker of response to bevacizumab-based therapy in mCRC. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2010, we performed a retrospective analysis of 74 consecutive patients with mCRC received bevacizumab-based first line treatment. Pretreatment CT was used to measure visceral fat volume (VFV), subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) an waist circumference (WC) in 74 patients with mCRC who received bevacizumab-based first-line treatment (bevacizumab group, n=37) or chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy group, n=37). Associations linkingVFV, SFV and WC to tumor response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. For all analyses, VFV, SFV and WC were dichotomized using the median as the cut-off point. Results: In the bevacizumab group, median follow-up lasted for 25 months (7-47). VFV, SFV and WC values were not associated with response or OS. PFS was shorter in patients with high VFV (12.8 vs 7.7 months; p=0.04). By multivariate analysis, high VFA was independently associated with PFS (HR=4.32, p=0.045). In the chemotherapy group, median follow-up lasted for 26 months (2-68). VFV, SFV and WC were not associated with response, PFS or OS. Conclusions: Visceral fat volume plays a role of predictive marker of PFS to bevacizumab-based therapy for Japanese patients with mCRC.

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Visceral adiposity as a predictor of survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e17031-e17031

Author(s):

Stuart-Allison Moffat Staley ◽

Katherine Tucker ◽

Jorge Oldan ◽

Dominic T. Moore ◽

Meredith Newton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Oncologic Outcomes ◽

The Impact ◽

Fat Volume

e17031 Background: Obesity has been linked to worse outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), due to underlying metabolic dysfunction. Visceral fat (i.e. central obesity) compared to subcutaneous fat is more metabolically active and has been linked to higher rates of obesity-related comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, but less is known of the impact of increased visceral adiposity on EOC outcomes. Thus, our goal was to evaluate if visceral adiposity, as determined by computed tomography (CT) morphometric measurements, was associated with worse outcomes in EOC patients undergoing platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy. Methods: EOC patients diagnosed between 12/2004 and 5/2016 who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy were included. Data on age, stage, grade, histology, BMI, comorbidities, treatment approaches and outcomes were collected. CT images closest to the time of diagnosis were retrospectively evaluated for mid-waist visceral fat volume (VFV), mid-waist subcutaneous fat volume (SFV) and the ratio of mid-waist VFV/SFV. Visceral adiposity is commonly defined as a VFV/SFV ≥ 0.4. Cox regression models were used to analyze time-to-event outcomes. Results: Two hundred fifty-eight EOC patients were evaluated. Seventy-five percent of patients were diagnosed with Stage III or IV disease, with high grade serous as the most common histology (72%). Median age at diagnosis was 62.4 years. Approximately 65% were obese; the median BMI was 26.8 (IQR 23.1 – 32.6). The median VFV/SFV ratio was 0.46 (IQR 0.32 – 0.70). Patients were categorized into those with a VFV/SFV ratio greater than 0.4 or a ratio less than 0.4. When comparing these two groups, there was no difference in progression free survival (PFS) for women with a VFV/SFV ratio greater or less than 0.4 (p = 0.22). However, a VFV/SFV ratio of greater than 0.4 was associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.01). Conclusions: We found that visceral adiposity, defined as a VFV/SFV ratio greater than 0.4, appeared to be associated with decreased OS, but not PFS. These findings suggest that body fat distribution may be an important prognostic factor for EOC and should be further explored as we expect the obesity epidemic to continue and influence EOC oncologic outcomes.

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Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.e425 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (2) ◽

pp. E425-E432 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. A. Banerji ◽

J. Lebowitz ◽

R. L. Chaiken ◽

D. Gordon ◽

J. G. Kral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Disposal ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Axial Tomography ◽

Men And Women ◽

Regional Adiposity ◽

Fat Volume

To determine the interrelationship among insulin action, total or regional adiposity, and sex, we measured insulin-mediated glucose disposal by the euglycemic insulin clamp and adipose distribution using computed axial tomography (22 scans) in 32 black men and 20 black women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (age 48 +/- 9 and 54 +/- 9 yr, body mass index 26.3 +/- 2.3 and 27.2 +/- 2.6 kg/m2, respectively). Women had approximately 80% more total and subcutaneous fat volume than men (31.8 +/- 8.3 vs. 18.6 +/- 6.1 and 28.5 +/- 7.3 vs. 14.7 +/- 4.6 liters) and less muscle volume (22.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 35.1 +/- 3.8 liters). Visceral fat volume did not differ between men and women (3.49 +/- 1.65 vs. 2.96 +/- 1.22 liters). Despite these body composition differences, an inverse nonlinear relationship existed between glucose disposal and visceral fat independent of sex (r = -0.58, P < 0.0001; men r = -0.60 and women r = -0.59; the slope and intercept were not different in men and women). Visceral fat explained a significant portion (34%) of variance in insulin-mediated glucose disposal, whereas total or subcutaneous fat and sex did not. Visceral fat appears to affect glucose disposal over a restricted range (up to approximately 2.5 l/m2 body surface area.

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FASTING SERUM-TRIGLYCERIDES CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(67)91371-2 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 289 (7493) ◽

pp. 761-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JohnGrimley Evans ◽

LeonD Ostrander

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Serum Triglycerides

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Visceral Fat Area Evaluation by Computed Tomography Correlates with Visceral Fat Volume

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p78 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Masato Mizui ◽

Yuji Mizoguchi ◽

Yutaka Senda ◽

Masayuki Yokoi ◽

Takao Tashiro

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Fat Volume ◽

Very High

In Japan, the measurement of abdominal circumference is commonly used in diagnosis of visceral fat accumulation. It is also recommended that visceral fat at the umbilical level be measured using CT scans. If CT is used to measure the visceral fat area, we do not have to consider the possibility of measurement error due to subcutaneous fat. However, it is unknown whether the visceral fat area measurement by CT reflects the visceral fat volume of the entire abdomen.We examined the correlation between the visceral fat area at the umbilical level and the visceral fat volume of the entire abdomen using CT images taken from the diaphragm to the pubic bone.The results showed that there was a very high correlation between the visceral fat area and the visceral fat volume. The correlation was not affected by gender differences, old age or whether visceral fat was accumulated or not.Therefore, we concluded that it is possible to estimate the visceral fat volume of the entire abdomen by measuring the visceral fat area at the umbilical level.

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Metreleptin Treatment in Three Patients with Generalized Lipodystrophy

Clinical Medicine Insights Case Reports ◽

10.4137/ccrep.s40196 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. CCRep.S40196 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carla Musso ◽

Maria Laura Major ◽

Eugenia Andres ◽

Vinaya Simha

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽

Post Marketing ◽

The Mean ◽

Concomitant Medications ◽

Ectopic Fat Deposition

Generalized lipodystrophy (GL) is a rare inherited or acquired disease characterized by widespread loss of subcutaneous fat, leading to leptin deficiency, ectopic fat deposition, and severe metabolic abnormalities. Previous studies have shown the benefit of leptin replacement (metreleptin) in ameliorating metabolic complications, but little is known about the experience of metreleptin treatment outside of a research setting. We report on post-marketing clinical experience with metreleptin therapy in three patients with GL and marked hypoleptinemia, uncontrolled diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia. After metreleptin treatment for 12–168 weeks, the mean glycated hemoglobin decreased from 10.9% to 5.8%, and serum triglycerides were normalized (a mean decline of 90%). These benefits were observed within weeks of starting therapy, were durable, and were accompanied by subjective improvements in quality of life, decreased need for concomitant medications, and no significant adverse effects. Metreleptin was safe and effective in normalizing certain severe metabolic abnormalities in the clinic setting.

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Relation of visceral fat and haemodynamics in adults with Fontan circulation

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951120001419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 995-1000

Author(s):

Adam M. Lubert ◽

Tarek Alsaied ◽

Andrew T. Trout ◽

Jonathan R. Dillman ◽

Bryan H. Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Epicardial Fat Volume ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽

Fat Volume

AbstractBeing overweight is associated with reduced functional capacity in Fontan patients. Increased adiposity leads to accumulation of epicardial and intra-abdominal visceral fat, which produce proinflammatory cytokines and may affect endothelial function. This retrospective study to evaluate the association between visceral fat and Fontan haemodynamics included 23 Fontan patients >18 years old with MRI and catheterization data available. Epicardial fat volume indexed to body surface area was measured by cardiac MRI, and intra-abdominal visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were derived from abdominal MRI. Stepwise regression models were used to determine univariable and multivariable associations between fat measures and haemodynamics. Mean age was 28.2 ± 9.5 years and body mass index was 26 ± 4 kg/m2. Mean central venous pressure was 13 ± 3 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance index was 1.23WU·m2 (interquartile range: 0.95–1.56). Epicardial fat volume was associated with age (r2 = 0.37, p = 0.002), weight (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.013), body mass index (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.011), and intra-abdominal visceral fat (r2 = 0.30, p = 0.018). Subcutaneous fat thickness did not relate to these measures. There was modest correlation between epicardial fat volume and pulmonary vascular resistance (r2 = 0.27, p = 0.02) and a trend towards significant correlation between intra-abdominal fat thickness and pulmonary vascular resistance (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.06). Subcutaneous fat thickness was not associated with Fontan haemodynamics. In multivariable analysis, including age and visceral fat measures, epicardial fat was independently correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (point estimate 0.13 ± 0.05 per 10 ml/m2 increase, p = 0.03). In conclusion, in adults with Fontan circulation, increased visceral fat is associated with higher pulmonary vascular resistance. Excess visceral fat may represent a therapeutic target to improve Fontan haemodynamics.

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Randomized Control Trial for Reduction of Body Weight, Body Fat Patterning, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Worksite Employees in Delhi, India

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2017/7254174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Usha Shrivastava ◽

Mahrukh Fatma ◽

Smriti Mohan ◽

Padam Singh ◽

Anoop Misra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Active Intervention ◽

The Impact

Background. We studied the impact of the multicomponent interventions on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight individuals working in corporate worksites.Methods. Overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) subjects were recruited from four randomised worksites [two active intervention (n, recruited, 180, completed 156) and two control (n, recruited 130, completed 111)]. Intensive intervention was given at intervention worksite.Results. High prevalence (%) of obesity (90.9, 80.2), abdominal obesity (93.5, 84.3), excess skinfold thickness (70.3, 75.9), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels (56.8, 63.7) were seen in the intervention and the control group, respectively. At the end of intervention, the following significant changes were observed in the intervention group: decrease in weight, BMI, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and increase in HDL-c. Weight loss of more than 5% was seen in 12% and 4% individuals in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Most importantly, the sum of all the skinfold measurements (mm) in the intervention group decreased significantly more than the control group (12.51 ± 10.38 versus 3.50 ± 8.18, resp.).Conclusion. This multicomponent worksite trial showed a reduction in weight, excess subcutaneous fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors after 6 months of active intervention in overweight Asian Indians.Trial Registration. This trial is registered withNCT03249610.

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