Household smoking and dental caries in schoolchildren: the Ryukyus Child Health Study

Early-life vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse child health outcomes, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates in infants remains underexplored, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates among young infants in South Africa. This study included 744 infants, aged 6–10 weeks from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, a population-based birth cohort. Infants were categorized into distinct categories based on serum 25(OH)D concentration level including deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50–74 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). Using multivariable Tobit and logistic regression models, we examined the correlates of serum 25(OH)D3 levels. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 81% (95% confidence intervals (CI]) 78–83). Multivariable regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was independently associated with study site, socioeconomic status, and sex. Birth in winter and breastfeeding were the strongest predictors of lower serum 25(OH)D3 concentration levels. Compared to non-breastfed children, children breastfed were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04–3.67) and breastfeeding for more than one month was associated with greater likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (AOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.37–12.32) and lower vitamin D concentrations (−16.22 nmol/L; 95% CI, −21.06, −11.39). Vitamin D deficiency in infants is ubiquitous, under-recognised, and strongly associated with season of birth and breastfeeding in this setting. Nutritional interventions with vitamin D supplementation in national health programs in low- and middle-income countries are urgently needed to improve early-life vitamin D status in infants.

Download Full-text

The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales (OCHS-EBS) Part I: A Checklist for Dimensional Measurement of Selected DSM-5 Disorders

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743718808250 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 423-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Laura Duncan ◽

Katholiki Georgiades ◽

Li Wang ◽

Jinette Comeau ◽

Mark A. Ferro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Child Health ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Health Study ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Dimensional Measurement ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objectives: To describe the development and psychometric properties of the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales (OCHS-EBS) for dimensional measurement of 7 disorders based on criteria from the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5). Methods: Scale items were selected by agreement among 19 child psychologists and psychiatrists rating the correspondence between item descriptions and DSM-5 symptoms. Psychometric evaluation of the item properties and parent/caregiver and youth scales came from a general population study of 10,802 children and youth aged 4 to 17 years in 6537 families. Test-retest reliability data were collected from a subsample of 280 children and their caregivers who independently completed the OCHS-EBS checklist on 2 occasions 7 to 14 days apart. Structural equation modelling was used to assess internal and external convergent and discriminant validity—the latter tested against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Results: Confirmatory factor analyses exhibited adequate item fit to all scales. Except for conduct disorder and youth-assessed separation anxiety disorder, internal (Cronbach’s α) and test-retest reliability (Pearson’s r) for scale scores were 0.70 or above. Except for youth-assessed conduct disorder, the OCHS-EBS met criteria for internal and convergent and discriminant validity. Compared with the MINI-KID, the OCHS-EBS met criteria for external convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The OCHS-EBS provide reliable and valid dimensional measurement of 7 DSM-5 disorders assessed by caregivers and youth in the general population. Part II describes use of the OCHS-EBS as a categorical (present/absent) measure of disorder.

Download Full-text

Childhood pneumonia – the Drakenstein Child Health Study

South African Medical Journal ◽

10.7196/samj.2016.v106i7.11108 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (7) ◽

pp. 642 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Heather Jessica Zar ◽

Whitney Barnett ◽

Landon Myer ◽

Mark P Nicol

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Childhood Pneumonia

Download Full-text

IL3 SNP rs40401 variant is a risk factor for rhinoconjunctivitis in Japanese women: The Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 86-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Miyake ◽

Keiko Tanaka ◽

Masashi Arakawa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Child Health ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Health Study ◽

And Child Health

Download Full-text

Changes in the Prevalence of Child and Youth Mental Disorders and Perceived Need for Professional Help between 1983 and 2014: Evidence from the Ontario Child Health Study

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743719830035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 256-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jinette Comeau ◽

Katholiki Georgiades ◽

Laura Duncan ◽

Li Wang ◽

Michael H. Boyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Emotional Disorder ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Study ◽

Professional Help ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Perceived Need

Objectives: To examine: 1) changes in the prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for professional help among children (ages 4 to 11) and youth (ages 12 to 16) between 1983 and 2014 in Ontario and 2) whether these changes vary by age and sex, urban-rural residency, poverty, lone-parent status, and immigrant background. Methods: The 1983 ( n = 2836) and 2014 ( n = 5785) Ontario Child Health Studies are provincially representative cross-sectional surveys with identical self-report checklist measures of conduct disorder, hyperactivity, and emotional disorder, as well as perceived need for professional help, assessed by integrating parent and teacher responses (ages 4 to 11) and parent and youth responses (ages 12 to 16). Results: The overall prevalence of perceived need for professional help increased from 6.8% to 18.9% among 4- to 16-year-olds. An increase in any disorder among children (15.4% to 19.6%) was attributable to increases in hyperactivity among males (8.9% to 15.7%). Although the prevalence of any disorder did not change among youth, conduct disorder decreased (7.2% to 2.5%) while emotional disorder increased (9.2% to 13.2%). The prevalence of any disorder increased more in rural and small to medium urban areas versus large urban areas. The prevalence of any disorder decreased for children and youth in immigrant but not nonimmigrant families. Conclusions: Although there have been decreases in the prevalence of conduct disorder, increases in other mental disorders and perceived need for professional help underscore the continued need for effective prevention and intervention programs.

Download Full-text