Inequitable walking conditions among older people: examining the interrelationship of neighbourhood socio-economic status and urban form using a comparative case study

ABSTRACT The study analyses the socio-economic status, degree of income inequality and perceived socio-economic conditions of the fish farmers of the four districts of Sikkim. A total sample size of 200 fish farmers was selected from the four districts depending upon the presence of the number of farmers in each district. Purposive random sampling method was used and the results were analysed from descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentages. The degree of income inequality was analysed through Gini coefficients. The factors that determined the perceived socio-economic living conditions were analysed with a logistic regression model. The socio-economic status of the people was found to be in good condition and there were not many variations among the fish farmers of different districts. Most of the respondents had pucca houses with the combination of firewood and LPG as a source of cooking fuel and also had access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water and sanitation facilities in the households. The study also found that income inequality was not so severe amongst the fish farmers of the three districts except for the East district which had the strongest income inequality. The per capita income, housing condition and ratio of above primary education to total members had a significant impact on the perceived living conditions of the fish farmers. Keywords

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Home Environment, Socio-Economic Status and Domestic Violence in Uganda: A Case Study of Slums in Kampala City

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2485933 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Obura

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Home Environment ◽

Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Kampala City

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Associations between socio-economic status measures and functional change among older people in Taiwan

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x05003478 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 377-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

HERNG-CHIA CHIU ◽

YING-HUI HSIEH ◽

LIH-WEN MAU ◽

MEI-LIN LEE

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Economic Status ◽

Functional Change ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Economic Resource ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on changes in functional abilities, as measured by Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scales, among older people in Taiwan. A prospective longitudinal study design was used. A panel of 874 community-dwelling older people were followed over four years (1994 to 1998). Three SES indicators, education, having ‘extra’ money (more than required for basic necessities), and principal lifetime occupation were included in separate multiple logistic regression models of functional change in physical ADL (PADL) and in instrumental ADL (IADL). Over the four years, the study cohort experienced greater decreases in IADL functioning than in PADL functioning. Having ‘extra’ money was significantly and negatively associated with PADL decline, while level of education had a strong positive relationship with IADL functioning. In addition to SES, age was significantly associated with PADL and IADL functioning change. The paper also reports a comparison of similar findings from several eastern and western countries. This has established that among the available SES indicators, the level of education has most consistently been shown in both eastern and western population studies to be related to health and health change, and that self-perceived economic resource is also related to older people's health in Asian populations.

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A Feasibility Study of Implementing the Policies on Increasing Birth Rate with an Emphasis on Socio-economic Status: A Case Study of Kermanshah Metropolis, Western Iran

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-017-1790-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

pp. 619-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sohyla Reshadat ◽

Alireza Zangeneh ◽

Shahram Saeidi ◽

Neda Izadi ◽

S. Ramin Ghasemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feasibility Study ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Economic Status ◽

Western Iran ◽

Socio Economic Status

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Inequality and crime in Latin America

Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198827535.003.0027 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 713-745

Author(s):

Catalina Droppelmann Roepke ◽

Nicolás Trajtenberg

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Economic Status ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Socio Economic Status

In the field of criminology social inequality has long been theorized to be associated with crime. This issue has been extensively studied and empirical research has shown that income inequality and low socio-economic status are positively associated with crime perpetration and victimization. Latin America constitutes a particularly interesting case study to analyse the association between crime and inequality. Simultaneously, it is considered to be one of the most unequal and violent regions on the planet. Therefore, it might be tempting to conclude that inequality must play a major role in the explanation of this region’s high levels of crime and violence. While this possibility cannot be rejected, the overall goals of this chapter are to analyse and discuss this complex relationship, focusing not only on how inequality might explain crime and violence, but also on how criminal justice institutions stigmatize, label, and reproduce social inequalities and social exclusion.

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Patterns in Horse–Human Relationships: The Case of Wales

Society and Animals ◽

10.1163/15685306-12341506 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 333-356

Author(s):

Helen Sampson

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sociological Perspective ◽

Human Relationships ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Study Country ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Care Relationships ◽

Common Lands

Abstract This paper explores some of the different relationships that horses and humans experience in the case study country of Wales. In doing so, it pays attention to differential patterns of equine care/lack of care and explores these from a sociological perspective considering evidence of the potential impact of cultural practices and socio-economic status in particular. The paper concludes that access to common lands and “fly grazing” may be associated with specific values and norms which may result in equine neglect, while indicators of socio-economic deprivation and patterns of equine neglect do not seem to be related. The paper highlights the variation in equine care across this relatively small national population and suggests some areas where further explanatory work could usefully be undertaken in order for us to better understand the care-relationships between horses and their keepers.

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The real inequalities

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.693 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

C Bambra ◽

A Reeves

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Health Inequalities ◽

Economic Status ◽

Intergenerational Transfers ◽

Older Population ◽

The Real ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Working Age ◽

The Many ◽

Significant Health

Abstract Background The ‘greedy geezer’ and ‘poor elderly’ narratives both assume that the older population are homogeneous and that the experiences of older people are universal. This ignores the fact that there are significant health inequalities (i) amongst the older population and (ii) in terms of who gets to be ‘old’ (and for how long). Further, the focus on intergenerational inequality is a deliberate distraction from the far more significant health inequalities that exist in terms of gender, geography, ethnicity, socio-economic status etc across the whole population - regardless of age. Methods Health inequalities amongst the older population and inequalities in terms of who gets to be ‘old’ will be examined through health inequalities across the population by gender, geography, ethnicity, socio-economic status etc. Results Given, for example, that total intergenerational transfers incorporating private transfers are from the older to the younger, it is quite possible that if we reduce public intergenerational transfers (working age to older) then all we are doing is increasing inherited inequality. Conclusions Policy focused on ‘intergenerational equity’ and ‘intergenerational accounting’ will often exacerbate inequalities within generations, to the benefit of the wealthiest and the detriment of much of the population. Win-win solutions only emerge if there is a focus on addressing the many and more profound health inequalities that cross-cut generations.

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