scholarly journals The real inequalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bambra ◽  
A Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
Older Population ◽  
The Real ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Many ◽  
Significant Health

Abstract Background The ‘greedy geezer’ and ‘poor elderly’ narratives both assume that the older population are homogeneous and that the experiences of older people are universal. This ignores the fact that there are significant health inequalities (i) amongst the older population and (ii) in terms of who gets to be ‘old’ (and for how long). Further, the focus on intergenerational inequality is a deliberate distraction from the far more significant health inequalities that exist in terms of gender, geography, ethnicity, socio-economic status etc across the whole population - regardless of age. Methods Health inequalities amongst the older population and inequalities in terms of who gets to be ‘old’ will be examined through health inequalities across the population by gender, geography, ethnicity, socio-economic status etc. Results Given, for example, that total intergenerational transfers incorporating private transfers are from the older to the younger, it is quite possible that if we reduce public intergenerational transfers (working age to older) then all we are doing is increasing inherited inequality. Conclusions Policy focused on ‘intergenerational equity’ and ‘intergenerational accounting’ will often exacerbate inequalities within generations, to the benefit of the wealthiest and the detriment of much of the population. Win-win solutions only emerge if there is a focus on addressing the many and more profound health inequalities that cross-cut generations.

Housing tenure and older people

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelah Connolly
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ageing In Place ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The United Kingdom

SummaryHousing tenure takes a variety of forms, the most common of which are rental and owner-occupation. Currently, in the United Kingdom (UK), approximately 70% of older people live in owner-occupier properties, with the majority of the remainder renting from a public or private landlord. Research has consistently shown higher levels of morbidity and mortality among renters compared with owner-occupiers. However, it is unclear whether this is due to tenure acting as a proxy for other indicators of socio-economic status, such as income, which directly influences health, or whether other characteristics associated with tenure, including housing quality and location, explain the association. Untangling these competing influences of tenure on health is important, as it may provide clues on tackling health inequalities at older ages. Tenure too, appears to be related to the risk of long-stay care admission, with owner-occupiers significantly less likely to leave their home than renters; more work is required to identify why this is the case, as it may provide some insights on facilitating ageing in place.

scholarly journals Population aging and the historical development of intergenerational transfer systems

Genus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intergenerational Transfer ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Sharing ◽  
Private Transfers

Abstract From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to transfer a surplus to the young. After the agricultural revolution, population densities grew making land and residences valuable assets controlled by older people, leading to their reduced labor supply which made them net consumers. In some East Asian societies today, elders are supported by adult children but in most societies the elderly continue to make private net transfers to their children out of asset income or public pensions. Growing public intergenerational transfers have crowded out private transfers. In some high-income countries, the direction of intergenerational flows has reversed from downward to upwards, from young to old. Nonetheless, net private transfers remain strongly downward, from older to younger, everywhere in the world. For many but not all countries, projected population aging will bring fiscal instability unless there are major program reforms. However, in many countries population aging will reduce the net cost to adults of private transfers to children, partially offsetting the increased net costs to working age adults for public transfers to the elderly.

Associations between socio-economic status measures and functional change among older people in Taiwan

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERNG-CHIA CHIU ◽  
YING-HUI HSIEH ◽  
LIH-WEN MAU ◽  
MEI-LIN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on changes in functional abilities, as measured by Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scales, among older people in Taiwan. A prospective longitudinal study design was used. A panel of 874 community-dwelling older people were followed over four years (1994 to 1998). Three SES indicators, education, having ‘extra’ money (more than required for basic necessities), and principal lifetime occupation were included in separate multiple logistic regression models of functional change in physical ADL (PADL) and in instrumental ADL (IADL). Over the four years, the study cohort experienced greater decreases in IADL functioning than in PADL functioning. Having ‘extra’ money was significantly and negatively associated with PADL decline, while level of education had a strong positive relationship with IADL functioning. In addition to SES, age was significantly associated with PADL and IADL functioning change. The paper also reports a comparison of similar findings from several eastern and western countries. This has established that among the available SES indicators, the level of education has most consistently been shown in both eastern and western population studies to be related to health and health change, and that self-perceived economic resource is also related to older people's health in Asian populations.

scholarly journals From tearful toddler to strident youth: Tackling health inequalities through primary care

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
John Catford
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Australia, over many decades, has experienced marked differences in health status between population groups as defined by gender, geography, ethnicity and socio-economic status. For example, affluent, privileged people have better health and lower mortality than poor, disadvantaged people. Australia?s health is now one of the best in the world - but the only way for it to improve further is to tackle health inequalities as a central plank of health research, health policy, and health service delivery.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Health Inequalities of Older People in China and Related Health Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Yang ◽  
Mark W. Rosenberg ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The One

China is facing serious population aging issues because of many unintended consequences of the economic reforms that began in the 1980s and with social policies such as the “one child” policy. Understanding the spatial distribution of the health status of older people has attracted more and more attention in many countries, including China. By employing descriptive analysis, this study uses data from the Chinese Population Censusand Statistical Year Bookto explore the health inequalities of older people at the national level. Based on the Getis-Ord Gi*, this study finds that the uneven spatial distribution of socio-economic status results in health inequalities for older people at the national level. The geographic distribution of life expectancy was correlated with a number of important demographic, socio-economic, and environmental variables. For further research, investigations should be conducted among individuals at micro-geographic scales.

scholarly journals Social Support, Socio-Economic Status, Health and Abuse among Older People in Seven European Countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Melchiorre ◽  
Carlos Chiatti ◽  
Giovanni Lamura ◽  
Francisco Torres-Gonzales ◽  
Mindaugas Stankunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Socio-economic differentials in mental disorders and suicide attempts in Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Stephen Morrell ◽  
Greg Carter ◽  
James Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Urban Rural

BackgroundResponses to mental disorders usually focus on treatment; socio-economic conditions are less likely to be considered.AimsTo examine social determinants of mental disorders and attempted suicide in Australia.MethodData from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (n=10 641) were used to estimate associations between socio-economic status, mental disorders and attempted suicide. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age, urban/rural residence and country of birth. Socio-economic status differentials in suicide attempts were also adjusted for mental disorders.ResultsSignificant increasing gradients from high to low levels of education and occupational status (employed) were evident for affective disorders and anxiety disorders in both men and women and for substance use disorders in men. Similar gradients were found for suicide attempts, which decreased after adjusting for mental disorders, but remained significant in the working-age employed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest social causation of mental disorders and suicide attempts, and the need for social and economic responses beyond provision of mental health services.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOPATHOGENESIS, COMORBIDITY IN PSORIASIS - NEW FACTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
O. Yu Olisova ◽  
Lusine G. Garanyan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Genetically Determined

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic recurrent genetically determined dermatosis with multifactorial nature, characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of keratinocytes, inflammatory reaction in the dermis, immune disorders and lesions of the skin, nails, joints and other organs. The article presents a review of the current literature data on the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis and its association with various comorbidities, psycho-emotional and socio-economic status. Among the most common comorbidities, depending on the severity of psoriasis, there are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome. In addition, psoriasis vulgaris often affects people of working age, leading to psychological and social desadaptation, decrease of work capacity, depressive disorder.

scholarly journals Precarity and the assumption of rising insecurity in later life: a critique

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1866
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Ageing Populations

AbstractIn recent years, several authors have drawn attention to signs of growing inequalities in the ageing populations of the developed economies. Such formulations have employed the concept of precariousness to suggest that a ‘new’ precarity has emerged in old age. Questioning this position and drawing on data reported over the last two decades on income and health inequalities between and within retired and working-age households, the present paper argues that evidence of this ‘precarity’ is speculative at most and relates more to imagined futures than to empirically observed trends in the present. The ageing of ageing societies – that is the growing agedness of the older population – might imply an increase in precarity or vulnerability at older ages, but this is not a result of changes in the underlying economic and social relations of society. Instead, we would contend that it is the corporeal consequences of living longer. By conflating the various meanings of ‘precarity’ there is a corresponding danger that the very real changes brought about by population ageing will be underplayed, which may be to the detriment of the most vulnerable. The idea of a new precarity in later life may thus not serve the ends to which it is intended.

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