scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp allele frequency and diversity in sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felista Mwingira ◽  
Gamba Nkwengulila ◽  
Sonja Schoepflin ◽  
Deborah Sumari ◽  
Hans-Peter Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Kelch 13-propeller polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum from Jazan region, southwest Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ommer Mohammed Dafalla ◽  
Mohammed Alzahrani ◽  
Ahmed Sahli ◽  
Mohammed Abdulla Al Helal ◽  
Mohammad Mohammad Alhazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended at the initial phase for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum, to reduce morbidity and mortality in all countries where malaria is endemic. Polymorphism in portions of P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains is associated with delayed parasite clearance after ACT. Of about 124 different non-synonymous mutations, 46 have been identified in Southeast Asia (SEA), 62 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 16 in both the regions. This is the first study designed to analyse the prevalence of polymorphism in the P. falciparum k13-propeller domain in the Jazan region of southwest Saudi Arabia, where malaria is endemic. Methods One-hundred and forty P. falciparum samples were collected from Jazan region of southwest Saudi Arabia at three different times: 20 samples in 2011, 40 samples in 2016 and 80 samples in 2020 after the implementation of ACT. Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 (k13) gene DNA was extracted, amplified, sequenced, and analysed using a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Results This study obtained 51 non-synonymous (NS) mutations in three time groups, divided as follows: 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ‘11.8%’ in samples collected in 2011 only, 3 (5.9%) in 2011and 2016, 5 (9.8%) in 2011 and 2020, 5 (9.8%) in 2016 only, 8 (15.7%) in 2016 and 2020, 14 (27.5%) in 2020 and 10 (19.6%) in all the groups. The BLAST revealed that the 2011 isolates were genetically closer to African isolates (53.3%) than Asian ones (46.7%). Interestingly, this proportion changed completely in 2020, to become closer to Asian isolates (81.6%) than to African ones (18.4%). Conclusions Despite the diversity of the identified mutations in the k13-propeller gene, these data did not report widespread artemisinin-resistant polymorphisms in the Jazan region where these samples were collected. Such a process would be expected to increase frequencies of mutations associated with the resistance of ACT.

scholarly journals Acquired Immunity to Malaria

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise L. Doolan ◽  
Carlota Dobaño ◽  
J. Kevin Baird
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SUMMARY Naturally acquired immunity to falciparum malaria protects millions of people routinely exposed to Plasmodium falciparum infection from severe disease and death. There is no clear concept about how this protection works. There is no general agreement about the rate of onset of acquired immunity or what constitutes the key determinants of protection; much less is there a consensus regarding the mechanism(s) of protection. This review summarizes what is understood about naturally acquired and experimentally induced immunity against malaria with the help of evolving insights provided by biotechnology and places these insights in the context of historical, clinical, and epidemiological observations. We advocate that naturally acquired immunity should be appreciated as being virtually 100% effective against severe disease and death among heavily exposed adults. Even the immunity that occurs in exposed infants may exceed 90% effectiveness. The induction of an adult-like immune status among high-risk infants in sub-Saharan Africa would greatly diminish disease and death caused by P. falciparum. The mechanism of naturally acquired immunity that occurs among adults living in areas of hyper- to holoendemicity should be understood with a view toward duplicating such protection in infants and young children in areas of endemicity.

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies: A sword of Damocles in the path toward malaria elimination

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ouji ◽  
Jean-Michel Augereau ◽  
Lucie Paloque ◽  
Françoise Benoit-Vical
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Treatment Policies ◽  
Related Mortality

The use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), which combine an artemisinin derivative with a partner drug, in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria has largely been responsible for the significant reduction in malaria-related mortality in tropical and subtropical regions. ACTs have also played a significant role in the 18% decline in the incidence of malaria cases from 2010 to 2016. However, this progress is seriously threatened by the reduced clinical efficacy of artemisinins, which is characterised by delayed parasitic clearance and a high rate of recrudescence, as reported in 2008 in Western Cambodia. Resistance to artemisinins has already spread to several countries in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, resistance to partner drugs has been shown in some instances to be facilitated by pre-existing decreased susceptibility to the artemisinin component of the ACT. A major concern is not only the spread of these multidrug-resistant parasites to the rest of Asia but also their possible appearance in Sub-Saharan Africa, the continent most affected by malaria, as has been the case in the past with parasite resistance to other antimalarial treatments. It is therefore essential to understand the acquisition of resistance to artemisinins by Plasmodium falciparum to adapt malaria treatment policies and to propose new therapeutic solutions.

scholarly journals Asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigerian pregnant women attending antenatal booking clinic

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S T Balogun ◽  
F A Fehintola ◽  
O A Adeyanju ◽  
A A Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Sexual Stages ◽  
Sub Saharan

Susceptibility to infection by Plasmodium falciparum is increased in pregnant women. In sub-Saharan Africa, the consequences of maternal malaria include preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and increased infant mortality. Malaria transmission requires the circulation of viable gametocytes that can be ingested by the female mosquito taking a blood meal. This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of asexual and sexual stages of P. falciparum in pregnant women attending antenatal booking clinics in south-western Nigeria, an area hyper-endemic for malaria. Gametocyte carriage was about 13%, similar to that documented for children symptomatic for malaria in our area of study.

scholarly journals K13-Propeller Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Parasites From Sub-Saharan Africa

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kamau ◽  
S. Campino ◽  
L. Amenga-Etego ◽  
E. Drury ◽  
D. Ishengoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Northern Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Kinfu ◽  
Solomon Gebre-Selassie ◽  
Nigus Fikrie
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Introduction. Multidrug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is spreading throughout Africa. This has posed major challenges to malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in North Ethiopia. Methods. This prospective study was undertaken during August–November 2009 on 71 malaria patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria set by the WHO. Patients were followed up for 28 days. Thick and thin blood films were prepared by Giemsa stain for microscopy to determine parasite density. A standard six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine was administered over three days and was followed up with clinical and parasitological evaluations over 28 days. Results. The cure rate (ACPR) was found to be high (97.2%) in this study. The parasite and fever clearance time was also rapid. Artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study area showed 97.2% cure rate and only 2.8% failure rate. Conclusion. The result showed that the drug could continue as first line for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the study area. The efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine needs to be carefully monitored periodically in sentinel sites representing different areas of the country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document