scholarly journals Genetic evidence for malaria vectors of the Anopheles sundaicus complex in Sri Lanka with morphological characteristics attributed to Anopheles subpictus species B

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinnathamby N Surendran ◽  
Om P Singh ◽  
Pavillupillai J Jude ◽  
Ranjan Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus

scholarly journals Species Composition and Diversity of Malaria Vector Breeding Habitats in Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Wimaladharma Abeyewickreme ◽  
Menaka Hapugoda ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. This in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. Therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs.Method. Larval surveys were conducted in 20 localities under five sentinel sites (Padavisiripura, Gomarankadawala, Thoppur, Mollipothana, and Ichchallampaththu) in Trincomalee District, Eastern Province of Sri Lanka, between June 2010 and July 2013. The relationship between seven abiotic variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and salinity) was measured.Results. A total of 21,347 anophelines were recorded representing 15 species.Anopheles subpictus24.72% (5,278/21,347) was the predominant species, followed by 24.67% (5,267/21,347) ofAn. nigerrimusand 14.56% (3,109/21,347) ofAn. peditaeniatus. A total of 9,430 breeding habitats under twenty-one categories were identified.An. culcicifacieswas noted to be highest from built wells (20.5%) with high salinity (1102.3 ± 81.8 mg/L), followed by waste water collections (20.2%) having low DO levels (2.85 ± 0.03 mg/L) and high TDS (1,654 ± 140 mg/L).Conclusion. This study opens an avenue to explore new breeding habitats of malaria vectors in the country and reemphasizes the requirement of conducting entomological surveillance to detect potential transmission of malaria in Sri Lanka under the current malaria elimination programme.

scholarly journals Entomological Investigations on Malaria Vectors in Some War-Torn Areas in the Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka after Settlement of 30-Year Civil Disturbance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Menaka Hapugoda ◽  
Wimaladharma Abeyewickreme ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Predominant Species

Background. Malaria was an endemic problem in Trincomalee District, Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. Very few recent data concerning Anopheles are available which transmit malaria. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify various Anopheles species and the dynamics of anophelines including malaria vectors in Trincomalee District for effective vector control under the current malaria elimination program embarked in the country. Method. Entomological surveys were conducted on a monthly basis, using five entomological techniques, namely, indoor hand collection (HC), window trap collection (WTC), cattle-baited net collection (CBNC), and cattle-baited hut collection (CBHC) from June 2010 to June 2012 in 32 study areas under five entomological sentinel sites. Results. Seventeen anopheline species were encountered, of which Anopheles subpictus was the predominant species in all sampling methods. It is noted that A. culicifacies and A. subpictus have adapted to breed in polluted water in urban settings which may cause serious implications on the epidemiology of malaria in the country. Conclusions. It is important to determine the abundance, biology, distribution, and relationship with climatic factors of main and secondary malaria vectors in Sri Lanka in order to initiate evidence based controlling programs under the current malaria elimination program in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis on Abundance, Distribution, and Bionomics of Potential Malaria Vectors in Mannar District of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Menaka Hapugoda ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe ◽  
Wimaladharma Abeyewickreme
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Lagoon Water ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Mean

Background. A detailed knowledge of the distribution of the malaria vectors in Mannar district of Sri Lanka has not been studied after 1927. Past records indicated the presence of only seven species of anophelines, namely, An. culicifacies, An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. peditaeniatus, An. nigerrimus, An. Jamesii, and An. maculatus. There have been many changes in terms of distribution of Anopheles in the district over time. Methods. Entomological surveillance was conducted on a monthly basis, comprising indoor hand collection, window trap collection, cattle-baited net collection, cattle-baited hut collection, and larval survey from June 2010 to June 2012 in 12 study areas under three entomological sentinel sites. The relationship between seven abiotic variables of the breeding habitats was measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the associations between climatic variables and anopheline densities. Results. A total of 74,181 mosquitoes belonging to 14 Anopheles species were recorded. An. subpictus was the most predominant species from all techniques representing 92% (n=68,268) of the total anopheline collection. However, Anopheles culicifacies was not recorded from any site during the study period. Larval surveys identified 12 breeding habitat categories including waste water collections, lagoon water collections, and drains which were not recorded as breeding habitats by previous studies. The mean dissolved oxygen level of waste water collections was 3.45±0.15 mg/l. The mean salinity and conductivity of lagoon water collections were 21105±1344 mg/l and 34734±1974 μs/cm, respectively. Conclusion. The present study provides the updated knowledge on anopheline distribution and vector bionomics. Therefore, documentation of the current knowledge would be useful for learners and health authorities to design appropriate vector control measures in the prevention of reintroduction of malaria.

Malaria vectors in a traditional dry zone village in Sri Lanka.

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Amerasinghe ◽  
F P Amerasinghe ◽  
F Konradsen ◽  
K T Fonseka ◽  
R A Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Dry Zone

Malaria Transmission by Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a New Irrigation Project in Sri Lanka

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Amerasinghe ◽  
F. P. Amerasinghe ◽  
R. A. Wirtz ◽  
N. G. Indrajith ◽  
W. Somapala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Irrigation Project

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Rodent-Borne Orthohantaviruses in an Endemic Area of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Devinda S. Muthusinghe ◽  
Kenta Shimizu ◽  
Sithumini M. W. Lokupathirage ◽  
Zhouoxing Wei ◽  
Yomani D. Sarathkumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Sri Lankan

We reported the genetic evidence of circulating hantaviruses from small mammals captured in a chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) hotspot area of Sri Lanka. The high seroprevalence of anti-hantavirus antibodies against Thailand orthohantavirus (THAIV) has been reported among CKDu patients and rodents in Sri Lankan CKDu hotspots. We captured 116 small mammals from CKDu endemic regions in the Polonnaruwa District of Sri Lanka. Seven animals (five out of 11 Mus booduga and two out of 99 Rattus rattus) were PCR-positive for the hantavirus. A rat-borne sequence was grouped with a THAIV-like Anjozorobe virus. In contrast, Mus-borne sequences belonged to the THAIV lineage, suggesting a novel orthohantavirus species according to the phylogenetic analyses and whole-genome comparisons. Our genetic evidence indicates the presence of two THAIV-related viruses circulating in this CKDu endemic area, suggesting a basis for further investigations to identify the infectious virus in patients with CKDu and the CKDu induction mechanism of these viruses.

scholarly journals An analysis of the sounds and words used in Pali Language

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
Shantu Barua
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
European Language ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Clear Conception

Pali is the name of the language of Theravada Buddhist literature. It belongs to Indo-European language family, especially to Middle Indo-Aryan. Tripitaka, the sacred text of the Buddhist, was first handed down in this language, and from then Pali was recognized as the language of literature. After the Tripitaka many religious and secular books were written in this language and thus, Pali became the language of a vast literature. It was originated in India, however, with the spread of Buddhism, it was accrosed the boundary of India and practiced in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Vietnam and Bangladesh; and a noteworthy number of books were written in those countries in this language. Pali contains many elements or characteristics of other languages, such as Vedic, Classical Sanskrit, Shinhalese, Dravidan etc. Hence, scholars termed it as compromising speech'. The main objective of this article is to present a clear conception of the phonological and morphological characteristics of Pali language.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v1i2.3720 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol. 1 No.2 August: 2008 Page: 125-146

scholarly journals Alterations and Interchange of Morphometric Characters in Different Life Cycle Stages with Reference to Genomic Variations of Anopheles subpictus (Diptera; Culicidae) Sibling Species Complex in Sri Lanka

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona Jayatunga ◽  
Iresha Harischandra ◽  
Naduviladath Chandrasekharan ◽  
Nissanka de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Genomic Variations ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

The species complex of the mosquito Anopheles subpictus is designated by the sibling species A–D, depending on morphological characters of life cycle stages and variations in polytene chromosomes. However, morphological aberrations in the life cycle stages make the identification of sibling species uncertain and imprecise. The objective of the present study is to determine the suitability of morphological variations of sibling species and their genomic variations to identify the sibling species status of an An. subpictus population in Sri Lanka. Life cycle stages of larvae, pupal exuviae, and adults were examined for previously reported distinctive morphological features. Five nuclear and mitochondrial genome regions, including the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, D3 region, white gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and Cytochrome b (Cyt-b), were sequenced and analyzed for variations. The eggs changed their distinct sibling morphological characters during metamorphosis (89.33%). The larvae, pupal exuviae, and adult stages showed deviation from their sibling characters by 26.10%, 19.71%, and 15.87%, respectively. However, all the species from the analysis shared two distinct sequence types for all regions, regardless of the morphological variations. In conclusion, the An. subpictus sibling species complex in Sri Lanka is not identifiable using morphological characters due to variations, and the genomic variations are independent from the morphological variations.

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