scholarly journals Analysis of the spatial distribution of infant mortality by cause of death in Austria in 1984 to 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Waldhoer ◽  
Martin Wald ◽  
Harald Heinzl
PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Guyer ◽  
Donna M. Strobino ◽  
Stephanie J. Ventura ◽  
Marian MacDorman ◽  
Joyce A. Martin

Recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1995, including decreases in the number of births, the birth rate, the age-adjusted death rate, and the infant mortality rate; life expectancy at birth increased to a level equal to the record high of 75.8 years in 1992. Marriages and divorces both decreased. An estimated 3 900 089 infants were born during 1995, a decline of 1% from 1994. The preliminary birth rate for 1995 was 14.8 live births per 1000 total population, a 3% decline, and the lowest recorded in nearly two decades. The fertility rate, which relates births to women in the childbearing ages, declined to 65.6 live births per 1000 women 15 to 44 years old, the lowest rate since 1986. According to preliminary data for 1995, fertility rates declined for all racial groups with the gap narrowing between black and white rates. The fertility rate for black women declined 7% to a historic low level (71.7); the preliminary rate for white women (64.5) dropped just 1%. Fertility rates continue to be highest for Hispanic, especially Mexican-American, women. Preliminary data for 1995 suggest a 2% decline in the rate for Hispanic women to 103.7. The birth rate for teenagers has now decreased for four consecutive years, from a high of 62.1 per 1000 women 15 to 19 years old in 1991 to 56.9 in 1995, an overall decline of 8%. The rate of childbearing by unmarried mothers dropped 4% from 1994 to 1995, from 46.9 births per 1000 unmarried women 15 to 44 years old to 44.9, the first decline in the rate in nearly two decades. The proportion of all births occurring to unmarried women dropped as well in 1995, to 32.0% from 32.6% in 1994. Smoking during pregnancy dropped steadily from 1989 (19.5%) to 1994 (14.6%), a decline of about 25%. Prenatal care utilization continued to improve in 1995 with 81.2% of all mothers receiving care in the first trimester compared with 78.9% in 1993. Preliminary data for 1995 suggests continued improvement to 81.2%. The percent of infants delivered by cesarean delivery declined slightly to 20.8% in 1995. The percent of low birth weight (LBW) infants continued to climb in 1994 rising to 7.3%, from 7.2% in 1993. The proportion of LBW improved slightly among black infants, declining from 13.3% to 13.2% between 1993 and 1994. Preliminary figures for 1995 suggest continued decline in LBW for black infants (13.0%). The multiple birth ratio rose to 25.7 per 1000 births for 1994, an increase of 2% over 1993 and 33% since 1980. Age-adjusted death rates in 1995 were lower for heart disease, malignant neoplasms, accidents, and homicide. Although the total number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection deaths increased slightly from 42 114 in 1994 to an estimated 42 506 in 1995, the age-adjusted death rate for HIV infection did not increase, which may indicate a leveling off of the steep upward trend in mortality from HIV infection since 1987. Nearly 15 000 children between the ages of 1-14 years died in the United States (US) in 1995. The death rate for children 1 to 4 years old in 1995 was 40.4 per 100 000 population aged 1 to 4 years, 6% lower than the rate of 42.9 in 1994. The 1995 death rate for 5-to 14-year-olds was 22.1,2% lower than the rate of 22.5 in 1994. Since 1979, death rates have declined by 37% for children 1 to 4 years old, and by 30% for children 5 to 14 years old. For children 1 to 4 years old, the leading cause of death was injuries, which accounted for an estimated 2277 deaths in 1995, 36% of all deaths in this age group. Injuries were the leading cause of death for 5-to 14-year-olds as well, accounting for an even higher percentage (41%) of all deaths. In 1995, the preliminary infant mortality rate was 7.5 per 1000 live births, 6% lower than 1994, and the lowest ever recorded in the US. The decline occurred for neonatal as well as postneonatal mortality rates, and among white and black infants alike. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates have dropped precipitously since 1992, when the American Academy of Pediatrics issued recommendations that infants be placed on their backs or sides to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. SIDS dropped to the third leading cause of infant death in 1994, after being the second leading cause of death since 1980. Infant mortality rates (IMRs) have also declined rapidly for respiratory distress syndrome since 1989, concurrent with the widespread availability of new treatments for this condition.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Glinianaia ◽  
Judith Rankin ◽  
Mark S. Pearce ◽  
Louise Parker ◽  
Tanja Pless-Mulloli

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Kristina Kristina ◽  
Lamria Pangaribuan ◽  
Hendrik Hendrik

AbstractDeath can be caused by a number of diseases such as infectious diseases, disease not causing injury. Thepattern of death and cause of death is one indicator used to assess health programs. Objective: to findout the images of the causes and causes of death in 2011 in Bekasi Regency. Methods: Articles are thesubsequent analysis of the study of the Health Control Model Based on Death Registrations and Causesof Death in 12 Districts / Cities in Indonesia. The method is an analysis of national agriculture in 2011.Population: all death events in Bekasi Regency. Samples: deaths of residents of Bekasi Regency who diedin 2011. Instruments used: 1) AV1 Questionnaire, to collect information on perinatal deaths, namely fetal/ infant mortality with a womb age of more than 22 weeks until the age of 6 days and advanced neonataldeaths, 7 days old infants up to 27 days. 2). The AV2 questionnaire, collected information on death,aged 28 days and five years, 5 years. 3) AV3 Questionnaire, collect the 5-year death report above andthe Death Cause Information Form (FKPK). Results: The number of deaths obtained in 2011 was 5,011deaths. As many as 82.7% of deaths were at home and 15.6% were hospitalized. Most deaths were in men(56.1%) compared to women (43.9%). The cause of death due to adolescents is not higher (61.4%) thanother causes. Space deaths increase sharply in the group 65 years and above. The cause of stroke wasdeath in Bekasi Regency in 2011. Conclusion: The main causes of the age group IUFD + 0-6 days werepremature. Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in the age group 29 months -4 years. TB is the leadingcause of death in women and number two in men aged 15-44 years. Stroke is the leading cause of deathin the age group 55-64 years, 65 years and over and in men aged 45-54 years. Keywords: death, stroke, cause of death, primary AbstrakKematian dapat disebabkan beberapa hal seperti penyakit menular, penyakit tidak menular maupun karenakecelakaan. Pola kematian dan penyebab kematian merupakan salah satu indikator yang digunakanuntuk menilai program kesehatan.Tujuan:mengetahui gambaran kematian dan penyebab kematian utamatahun 2011 di Kabupaten Bekasi. Metode:Artikel ini merupakan hasil analisis lanjut dari studi ModelPengendalian Kesehatan Berbasis Registrasi Kematian dan Penyebab Kematian di 12 Kabupaten/Kotadi Indonesia. Metode studi merupakan analisis regresi kematian tahun 2011. Populasi: semua kejadiankematian di Kabupaten Bekasi. Sampel: kematian penduduk Kabupaten Bekasi yang meninggal tahun2011. Instrumen yang digunakan: 1) Kuesioner AV1, untuk mengumpulkan informasi kematian perinatalyaitu kematian janin/bayi dengan umur kandungan lebih dari 22 minggu sampai dengan umur 6 hari dankematian neonatal lanjut, bayi berumur 7 hari sampai dengan 27 hari. 2). Kuesioner AV2, mengumpulkaninformasi kematian bayi berumur 28 hari sampai dibawah 5 tahun. 3) Kuesioner AV3, mengumpulkaninformasi kematian berusia 5 tahun keatas dan Formulir Keterangan Penyebab Kematian (FKPK). Hasil:Jumlah kematian yang didapatkan pada tahun 2011 adalah 5.011 kematian. Sebanyak 82,7% kematianterjadi di rumah dan 15,6% di rumah sakit. Kematian paling banyak pada laki-laki (56,1%) dibandingperempuan (43,9%). Penyebab kematian akibat penyakit tidak menular lebih tinggi (61,4%) dibandingkanpenyebab lain. Angka kematian meningkat tajam pada kelompok 65 tahun ke atas. Penyakit strokepenyebab kematian utamadi Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2011. Kesimpulan: Penyebab kematian utama padakelompok umur IUFD +0-6 hari adalah karena prematur. Diare merupakan penyebab kematian utamapada kelompok umur 29 bulan-4 tahun. TBC merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada perempuandan nomor dua pada laki-laki umur 15-44 tahun. Stroke adalah penyebab kematian utama pada kelompokumur 55-64 tahun, 65 tahun ke atas dan pada laki-laki kelompok umur 45-54 tahun. Kata kunci: kematian, stroke, penyebab kematian, utama  


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Jane D. Carver ◽  
Lukas H. Tan ◽  
Robert J. MCDermott ◽  
Howard N. Jacobson ◽  
Kevin M. Sherin ◽  
...  

Objective. To determine the accuracy of National Center for Health Statistics cause-specific infant mortality data. The National Center for Health Statistics compiles these data by applying World Health Organization (WHO) selection rules to death certificate data. The WHO rules arrange medical entities into a hierarchical order and select a single underlying cause of death (ULCD). Design. A comparison was made between ULCD assigned to a cohort of 335 infant death certificates by (1) a neonatologist panel, and (2) application of WHO selection rules by the Florida State Office of Vital Statistics (OVS). Results. Among the 146 infants with birth weights 1500 to 4649 g, agreement between neonatologists and OVS was 88%, while among the 189 infants with birth weights 0 to 1499 g (very low birth weight), agreement was just 41%. Neonatologists selected short gestation as the underlying cause of death for 82% of very low birth weight infant records, vs 25% by OVS. Due to the application of specific WHO selection rules, OVS frequently selected immediate causes of death, such as "cardiac arrest," as the ULCD, even when the medical certifier had indicated short gestation as the ULCD. In vital statistics reports, many of these immediate causes are reported as "other respiratory conditions of newborn," or "all other perinatal conditions." Conclusion. WHO ULCD selection rules should be modified to allow short gestation to have a higher priority over immediate causes of infant death.


Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (10) ◽  
pp. 1541-1547
Author(s):  
Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira ◽  
Thais Aidar de Freitas Mathias

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Jasna Milankovic

Infant mortality is still a major problem in our country as its level has remained relatively high by European standards. This points to the need for better preventive measures particularly as regards infant mortality and other adverse consequences of pregnancy, as key indicators of health and health care for mother and child. Namely, the analysis of movement in infant mortality in low mortality countries shows that it can be decreased relatively easily if certain social and health care measures are undertaken. For that reason, it is necessary to engage in permanent organized research to explain and measure both the relative impact of individual factors or groups of factors in our country which are significant in terms of infant mortality and their mutual relationships. We should also try to gain from the experiences of other countries which had already made progress in this respect. One of the elements of prevention is certainly the analysis of causes of infant morbidity and mortality primarily during the pre-natal period with the aim of specifying the most frequent causes of death to enable their elimination and to induce a subsequent decline in infant mortality. Besides showing the efficiency of health service activities, data on causes of infant death also point to the specific measures that should be undertaken and may be used as a base for planning and programming the development of health services, i.e. implementation of health policy as part of the population policy. With the decline in infant mortality in our country there has also been registered a change in the composition of diseases as the most frequent cause of death. During the initial observation period when the general level of infant mortality was exceptionally high, the share of infectious diseases and those of the respiratory system was very large. These deaths were mainly induced by exogenous factors, that is the diseases which the society in general and health services in particular could most easily have checked both by measures to improve the general living conditions and by preventive and curative health care measures. The period from 1989 to 1996 is characterized by endogenous causes of infant mortality primarily during the neonatal period and have to do with the constitutional features of the live-born children, congenital anomalies, premature birth, respiratory distress, etc. Thus, from the socio-medical point of view, the primary causes of infant mortality in this period are genetically induced or can be attributed to the mother in labour birth which modern men and modern medicine cannot influence to a larger extent. The analysis of infant death frequency by group of causes of death points that there still exist possibilities of eliminating the exogenous causes of death (as the same causes prevail in the socio-economically least developed regions of the country). Besides, some improvement can also be expected in the area of endogenous mortality (improvement in pre-natal diagnostics and other measures of health care for pregnant women and those who have just given birth, better conditions for child delivery and application of modern techniques to care for the prematurely born children. The semanatal mortality is probably the major socio-medical problem in our country both because it accounts for the highest percentage in neo-natal mortality and because it displays an almost negligible downward tendency. This justifies another request - for a more extensive and comprehensive analysis of this problem as well as for participation of other scientific disciplines besides medicine. Among the leading causes of semanatal mortality in the most recent observation period are premature birth, congenital anomalies, respiratory distress syndrome and intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia at birth.


2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Rosseto de Oliveira ◽  
Josane Rosenilda Da Costa ◽  
Thais Aidar de Freitas Mathias

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