Beyond platinum: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro toxicity of Cu(II)-releasing polymer nanoparticles for potential use as a drug delivery vector

Carbon nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in biomedicine recently to be used as drug nanocarriers suitable for medical treatments, due to their large surface area, high cellular internalization and preferential tumor accumulation, that enable these nanomaterials to transport chemotherapeutic agents preferentially to tumor sites, thereby reducing drug toxic side effects. However, there are widespread concerns on the inherent cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, which remains controversial to this day, with studies demonstrating conflicting results. We investigated here in vitro toxicity of various carbon nanomaterials in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Carbon nanohorns (CNH), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanoplatelets (CNP), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (GO) and nanodiamonds (ND) were systematically compared, using Pluronic F-127 dispersant. Cell viability after carbon nanomaterial treatment followed the order CNP < CNH < RGO < CNT < GO < ND, being the effect more pronounced on the more rapidly dividing Caco-2 cells. CNP produced remarkably high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, the potential of these materials as nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery of doxorubicin and camptothecin anticancer drugs was also compared. In all cases the carbon nanomaterial/drug complexes resulted in improved anticancer activity compared to that of the free drug, being the efficiency largely dependent of the carbon nanomaterial hydrophobicity and surface chemistry. These fundamental studies are of paramount importance as screening and risk-to-benefit assessment towards the development of smart carbon nanomaterial-based nanocarriers.

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Nanocargos: A Burgeoning Quest in Cancer Management

Current Nanomedicine ◽

10.2174/2468187309666190823160241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 149-163

Author(s):

Atul Jain ◽

Teenu Sharma ◽

Sumant Saini ◽

Om Prakash Katare ◽

Vandana. Soni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Delivery ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Oral Route ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

Cancer Management ◽

Surface Modified

Cancer, a complex series of diseased conditions, contributes to a significant health problem and is a leading cause of mortalities across the world. Lately, with the advent of improved diagnostics and imaging techniques, and newer advanced oral chemotherapeutics; millions of cancer affected people can lengthen their life span. Despite all the challenges associated with an active chemotherapeutic molecule like microenvironment and the intestinal barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) etc., the oral delivery remains the most acceptable route of drug administration. In this regard, nanotechnology has played a significant role in the counteracting the challenges encountered with newly developed molecules and aiding in improving their bioavailability and targetability to the tumour site, while administering through the oral route. Several literature instances document the usage of nanostructured drug delivery systems such as lipid-based, polymerbased or metallic nanomaterials to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Besides, sitespecific targeted surface-modified drug delivery system designed to deliver the active molecule has opened up to the newer avenues of nanotechnology. However, the issue of potential toxicity allied with nanotechnology cannot be compromised and thus, needs specific ethical regulations and guidelines. The various in vitro models have been developed to evaluate the in vitro toxicity profile which can be further correlated with the invivo model. Thus, this review provides a summarized account of the various aspects related to the role of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and various related issues thereof; that must be triumphed over to apprehend its full promise.

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Effect of Surfactants on Characteristic and In Vitro Release of Meloxicam Loaded in Deformable Liposomes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.457 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 506 ◽

pp. 457-460

Author(s):

Sureewan Duangjit ◽

Praneet Opanasopit ◽

Theerasak Rojanarata ◽

Tanasait Ngawhirunpat

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Sodium Cholate ◽

Drug Delivery Carrier ◽

Release Study ◽

Water Insoluble Drug ◽

Vitro Release ◽

Potential Use

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactants on characteristic and in vitro release of liposomes containing meloxicam (MX), model of water insoluble drug. The potential use of deformable liposomes for drug delivery system was developed and investigated. The formulation composed of constant amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and MX and various amounts of cholesterol (Chol), sodium cholate (NaChol), sodium oleate (NaO) and stearylamine (SA) was formulated by reverse phase evaporation method. The vesicle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, stability andin vitrorelease study were evaluated. The result indicated that the entrapment efficiency andin vitrorelease study of vesicle formulations containing surfactants were significantly higher than the conventional liposome and MX suspension. The formulation of 10:2:2:5 PC/MX/Chol/NaO provided the maximum entrapment efficiency and drug release. Our research suggested that MX loaded in deformable liposomes containing surfactants can be potentially used as a drug delivery carrier for water insoluble drug.

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Preparation, Characterization and in vitro Toxicity Test of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System to Hyperthermia of Biological Tissues

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics ◽

10.1109/tmag.2007.894126 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 2459-2461 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Andreza Ribeiro Simioni ◽

Fernando Lucas Primo ◽

Marcilene Machado Andrade Rodrigues ◽

Zulmira Guerrero Marques Lacava ◽

Paulo Cesar Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

In Vitro Toxicity ◽

In Vitro Toxicity Test

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Development of a Biodegradable Subcutaneous Implant for Prolonged Drug Delivery Using 3D Printing

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12020105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sarah Stewart ◽

Juan Domínguez-Robles ◽

Victoria McIlorum ◽

Elena Mancuso ◽

Dimitrios Lamprou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Implant Design ◽

The Past ◽

Drug Delivery Devices ◽

Potential Use ◽

Subcutaneous Implant

Implantable drug delivery devices offer many advantages over other routes of drug delivery. Most significantly, the delivery of lower doses of drug, thus, potentially reducing side-effects and improving patient compliance. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a flexible technique, which has been subject to increasing interest in the past few years, especially in the area of medical devices. The present work focussed on the use of 3D printing as a tool to manufacture implantable drug delivery devices to deliver a range of model compounds (methylene blue, ibuprofen sodium and ibuprofen acid) in two in vitro models. Five implant designs were produced, and the release rate varied, depending on the implant design and the drug properties. Additionally, a rate controlling membrane was produced, which further prolonged the release from the produced implants, signalling the potential use of these devices for chronic conditions.

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