scholarly journals Policy options to deal with high-cost medicines – survey with European policy-makers

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zimmermann ◽  
Sabine Vogler ◽  
Hanne Bak Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Options ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Policy Makers

scholarly journals Benefits and Challenges of Policy Options in Rationing the Hospital Radiology Services: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Hamideh Mahjoub ◽  
Hamed Ghoshoni ◽  
Mohammad Baghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rationing Policy ◽  
Care Costs

Objective: In many countries, limiting the financial and budgetary resources is a challenge in the health system. One of the most costly parts of the health system is undoubtedly the radiology department of hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the benefits and challenges of the policies proposed for rationing hospital radiology services. Information sources and selected methods for study: In this narrative or literature review study, Persian (SID, Magiran, Barkat Knowledge network system, Irandoc), and Latin (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of sciences) databases were searched. The applied keywords were radiology, rationing, distribution, priority setting, resource allocation, and policy brief. In the initial search, 145 articles were studied. Subsequently, after reviewing the titles and abstracts, 65 studies were selected and investigated. Finally, 44 related studies were thoroughly investigated. The inclusion criteria covered the studies in Persian or English. The exclusion criteria included the studies that did not have full texts. Our search included the studies conducted from 1/1/2000 to 1/1/ 2017. Results: The present study examined the benefits and challenges of radiology services rationing. Policy options were presented at 3 levels of provider, organizational, and system. The provider level consisted of training clinical and non-clinical personnel to use and maintain the medical equipment and requiring the physicians to use clinical guidelines. The organization level included reviewing imaging tariffs, entering insurance in controlling supply and demand for radiology services, and assessing equipment by the Institute for Health Technology Assessment. The system level contained assignment of radiological services to the private sector. Conclusion: As health care costs are rising and resources are increasingly constrained by ever-increasing demands, policy makers and officials can use the proposed solutions with regard to contextual conditions to design a rationing model. Services at the macro level of the health system and operationalization of the rationing process reduce the gap between supply and demand of the health services.  

Europe's Tragic Political Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (770) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Erik Jones
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Policy Makers

[T]he deeper problem is that European policy makers emphasize consensus over solidarity, pay more attention to principle than to interdependence, and weaken common institutions. …

scholarly journals TACKLING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR: AN OVERVIEW OF THE POLICY OPTIONS, APPROACHES AND MEASURES

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550006 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN C. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Responsive Regulation ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship ◽  
National Governments

The aim of this paper is to review the various policy options, approaches and measures that can be used to address informal entrepreneurship. To do this, it first reviews four possible policy options, namely taking no action, eradicating informal entrepreneurship, moving formal entrepreneurship into the informal economy, or transforming informal entrepreneurship into formal entrepreneurship. Revealing that transforming informal entrepreneurship into formal entrepreneurship is not only the most viable option but also the approach most commonly adopted by supra-national agencies and national governments, a review is then undertaken of how this can be achieved using either direct controls, which seek to increase the costs of informal entrepreneurship and/or the benefits of formal entrepreneurship, or indirect controls that seek to generate a commitment to compliance and greater self-regulation. It is then revealed how these approaches and their accompanying policy measures are not mutually exclusive and can be combined in various ways, exemplified by the responsive regulation and slippery slope approaches. The outcome is a comprehensive review and evaluation of the various policy options, approaches and measures available to policy makers for addressing informal entrepreneurship along with some recommendations regarding the way forward.

LOCATIONAL CHOICE FOR EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (02) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
KAZUHIRO TETSU
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Export Processing Zones ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Locational Choice ◽  
Capital Intensive

Little attention has been given to the issue of the locational choice for EPZs, from a theoretical point of view, except by Miyagiwa (1993). In this paper, using a three-sector general equilibrium model with unemployment, we will examine theoretically the issue of where to locate EPZs. This model gives policy makers in developing countries four policy options. An interesting result is as follows: it reveals that attracting foreign firms which are more labor-intensive (capital-intensive) than the rural domestic firms into the rural-based EPZ is the best (worst) policy for developing countries.

Greening the Mainstream, 1968–1980

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venus Bivar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Movement

The success of the productivity drive led to surplus problems by the end of the 1960s. French and European policy makers demanded even greater efficiencies, largely by way of farming less land and moving into high-value low-output niche production. The simultaneous rise of environmentalism justified the removal of land from production. By the 1970s, the SAFER was overseeing the creation of nature reserves and recreational areas, while new guidelines for remembrement required environmental planning. High-value low-output production was not only adopted by the mainstream. As part of the growing counter-cultural movement, urban youth moved to the countryside to farm. As niche markets grew, thanks to a growing demand from consumers for a greener world, the Ministry of Agriculture took notice. Along with the new Fédération nationale d'agriculture biologique (FNAB), the Ministry created official standards for organic production, institutionalizing a movement that had spent several decades at the margins.

New Corona Virus, Food Security and Identifying Policy Options

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Latha Nagarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray ◽  
Thomas A. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

Achieving food security for all has long been a major objective in public policy around the world, and even globally as enshrined in the contemporary UN Sustainable Development Goals. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 creates additional challenges to food policy-makers and the paper charts some key elements of response to these challenges.

22. The Common Agricultural Policy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ève Fouilleux ◽  
Matthieu Ansaloni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter focuses on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which has long been of symbolic importance to the European integration process. The CAP, which came into force from 1962, is based on three general principles: market unity, Community preference, and financial solidarity. The chapter first considers the early days of CAP and the issue of CAP reform before discussing the policy's objectives, instruments, actors, and debates. It then explains the evolution of the CAP since the 1960s and asks why the CAP has been so problematic for European policy-makers, why CAP has been so resistant to change, and how CAP reform has come about. This chapter also examines some of the challenges facing agricultural policy, as new debates emerge among citizens on the place and the functions performed by agriculture. Particular attention is given to rural development and environmental, transparency, and equity issues.

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