ACCESS TO CHILDREN EDUCATION IN MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Children in families migrate more barriers to access to education services. The study showed access to information, access to support, and factors affecting childrens access to migrant workers in industrial parks, export processing zones in Ho Chi Minh city.

The Anthropology of Special Economic Zones (Free Ports, Export Processing Zones, Tax Havens)

Special economic zones (SEZs) are a key manifestation of neoliberal globalization. As of 2020, more than 150 nations operated more than 5,400 zones. The combined workforce of factories and service industries in bonded warehouses, export processing zones (EPZs), free trade zones (FTZs), science parks (SPs), regional development zones (RDZs), economic corridors (ECs), and other types of SEZs exceeds one hundred million. These figures include tax havens, offshore financial centers, and free ports. Neoliberal academics and researchers from international organizations say that this has been a long time coming, as the freedom offered in the zones was integral to being human and first implemented in free ports of the Roman Empire. Critical social scientists, among them many anthropologists, have instead identified the zones as products of a 1970s rupture from Keynesian welfarism and Fordist factory regimes to neoliberal globalization and post-Fordist flexible accumulation. Since the early 21st century, scholarship in anthropology has expanded this critical stance on worker exploitation in SEZs toward a historical analysis of SEZs as pacemakers of neoliberal manufacturing globalization since the 1940s. A second strand of ethnographies uses a postmodern lens to research the zones as regimes that produce neoliberal subjectivities and graduated sovereignty.

LIFE OF WORKERS AT INDUSTRIAL PARKS AND EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES IN VIETNAM – CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS

After decades of renovation, the rapid development of our country's industry has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of workers working at industrial parks and export processing zones. In addition to advantages, such as skill level, sense of style, discipline, income, etc. of workers have increased, there are also many problems, namely accommodation, learning opportunity, mental and recreational life of workers are not guaranteed. At the same time, the existing risk of a generation of workers who "prematurely retire" and become a burden of unemployment of society is posing itself as a problem that is yet solved. Obviously, this problem required the attention of workers, business owners and state management agencies alike; however, it cannot be dealt with after one night. The fact that a considerably large number of workers who are just rushing to work for money, satisfied with a barely enough living conditions and accept that these difficulties drag on will persist unless the government and the entire society soon have appropriate solutions. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Production of Garments and Textiles in Bangladesh: Trade Unions, International Managers and the Health and Safety of Workers

This paper offers a view of working practices within the garment and textile (G&T) industry in Bangladesh. The G&T industry accounts for over 84 per cent of Bangladesh exports and is therefore viewed as key to the country’s economic development. This importance is seen in the creation of Export Processing Zones (EPZs), which were created by that state to encourage foreign investment by offering a congenial climate free from cumbersome procedures. Trade unions are outlawed in these areas. Health and safety are poor within the G&T industry. However, the Rana Plaza disaster of 2013, which caused 1,132 deaths and over 2,500 injuries, placed the issue of workplace safety on the international agenda. Arguably, this prompted a change of attitude within Bangladesh and the G&T industry towards health and safety. The presence of international managers appears to have played a significant role in improving health and safety in the working environment, however these international managers do face a range of cultural barriers, which include both language and a different perception of the value of health and safety in the workplace. This paper has adopted a mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative data, collected through interviews and questionnaire surveys within the G&T industry in Bangladesh.

Social Structure of Changing Labour Relations in Vietnam

Industrial action in export processing zones challenges the conventions of labour protest. Labour relations in domestic and foreign direct investment enterprises in industrial parks and export processing zones in Ho Chi Minh City were researched in 2018, with findings that divide into two areas of interest: (a) the ways ‘innovation’ in the economy has affected changes for the subjects involved in labour relations; (b) with strikes being a manifestation of conflict in labour relations, after a period of sharp increase (2011), there has been a decreasing number in recent years, but with changing characteristics. In particular, when a strike occurs now, the trade union which used to be the unique legal representative of all Vietnamese employees is less often favoured, and others are chosen by the employees to negotiate with the business owner. This trend will perhaps be formalized as Vietnam implements international labour–trade union commitments recently adopted.

Investing in the Lusaka South Multi Facility Economic Zone

A Multi Facility Economic Zone (MFEZ) can be described as a Special Economic Zone which can be utilized for export and domestic production purposes by industries operating in the designated economic zone. The MFEZ is characterized by a mixture of several enticing attributes ranging from facilities such as export processing zones, Industrial parks, free trade zones and free ports, among others. Ideally, it is hoped that an MFEZ will kindle economic development in the selected location and consequently contribute to that country’s gross domestic product. It is not uncommon to set up an independent firm to oversee and run the entire administrative affairs of the economic zone on behalf of the owners of the facility. This article is based on a study that was undertaken to assess the performance of the Lusaka South Multi Facility Economic Zone (LS-MFEZ) in Zambia from the time it was established. The research was conducted over a period of eighteen months. This article focuses on two of the objectives of the study that assesses, the effectiveness of the economic zone management firm in stimulating investment in the zone, and the suitability of the economic zone infrastructure as a vehicle for attracting investment in the zone. The research adopted a mixed methods approach using a questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussions. Interview respondents were selected using snowball sampling. Since the study adopted a mixed research approach with a concurrent triangulation design, data were analysed through a thematic approach for the qualitative component and using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for the quantitative part. The findings show that the zone management firm appears to grapple with some key administrative issues of managing the zone, in addition to inadequate zone infrastructure.

Industrialization and Industrial Hubs in Malaysia

Industrial agglomerations have become a major vehicle for stimulating economic growth and structural change in many countries. Malaysia was a pioneer amongst the developing countries that launched industrial hubs. This chapter examines the theoretical rationale, the policies introduced, and the four industrial agglomeration strategies launched by the Malaysian government to stimulate industrialization. The initial objective of developing export processing zones (EPZs) to attract investment, create jobs, and generate exports was successful. Unemployment, poverty rates, and income inequality fell from 1970 till 2017. However, EPZs, and the subsequent attempts to stimulate structural change from low- to high-value activities through science and technology parks and regional corridors, was not successful owing to the lack of human capital and effective technological upgrading policies. Initiatives to galvanize the industrial hubs must address these shortcomings, as well as emphasizing environmental greening and the evolution of an egalitarian economy.