Hypospadias treatment by tubulated pedicled preputial island flap according to the DUCKETT technique: single-center experience in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Background Hypospadias is the second most frequent congenital condition in boys after cryptorchidism, with an incidence of 0.3–0.7% compared to 2–4% for cryptorchidism. Since the 1980s, single-stage operations, such as the one described by Duckett, have been adopted by some authors. To assess the results of hypospadias surgery by tubed pedicled preputial island flap (DUCKETT’s procedure) in a West African reference hospital. Methods This is a retrospective and descriptive study that includes 41 patients with hypospadias who underwent DUCKETT procedure by a tubed pedicled preputial island flap during a period of 12 years. After penile degloving, the curvature has been corrected by skin bridging with or without Nesbit’s plication. The urethroplasty was done according to the DUCKETT procedure. Results The patients mean age was 11 ± 8.5 years. All of them had posterior foreskin and a ventral curvature of the penis. The urethral meatus was posterior in 37%. Six of them had a previous hypospadias repair. The complication rate was 58.5%. Wound infection and meatal stenosis occurred in 14.6% and 19.6% of cases, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 20 ± 9 months, total success, relative success and failure rates were 63%, 27% and 10%, respectively. Conclusion The DUCKETT procedure is associated with a high complication rate in our daily practice.

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Conclusion

How China is Reshaping the Global Economy ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198738510.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 337-346

Author(s):

Rhys Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Domestic Consumption ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Investment Projects ◽

One Belt One Road ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One

By way of conclusion, this chapter focusses on two issues. The first is how China’s relations with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are likely to be affected in the future by recent changes in the Chinese economy and its internationalization. Since 2012, the Chinese economy has been characterized by a ‘New Normal’ of slower economic growth and a rebalancing of the economy towards increased domestic consumption and less reliance on investment and exports. China also launched the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative in 2013, which seeks to link China with other Asian countries and Europe through major investment projects. The second issue concerns the continuing tensions that derive from the asymmetric economic relations between China and the two regions and whether steps will be taken to resolve them.

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Current Perspectives onMycobacterium farcinogenesandMycobacterium senegalense, the Causal Agents of Bovine Farcy

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2014/247906 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohamed E. Hamid

Keyword(s):

Progressive Disease ◽

Rapid Diagnosis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Neglected Diseases ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Major Development ◽

Chronic Progressive Disease ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One

Mycobacterium farcinogenesandM. senegalenseare the causal agents of bovine farcy, a chronic, progressive disease of the skin and lymphatics of zebu cattle. The disease, which is prevalent mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, was in earlier times thought to be caused byNocardia farcinicaand can be described as one of the neglected diseases in cattle. Some aspects of the disease have been investigated during the last five decades but the major development had been in the bacteriological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic aspects. Molecular analyses confirmed thatM. farcinogenesandM. senegalensefall in a subclade together withM. houstonenseandM. fortuitum. This subclade is closely related to the one accommodatingM. peregrinum,M. porcinum,M. septicum,M. neworleansense, andM. alvei. DNA probes were designed from 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and could be used for the rapid diagnosis of bovine farcy. An ELISA assay has been evaluated for the serodiagnosis of the disease. The zoonotic potentials ofM. farcinogenesandM. senegalenseare unknown; few studies reported the isolation ofM. senegalenseandM. farcinogenesfrom human clinical sources but not from environmental sources or from other domestic or wild animals.

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Angola - an Oil Dependant Country in Sub-Saharan Africa

Studia commercialia Bratislavensia ◽

10.1515/stcb-2016-0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (35) ◽

pp. 233-242

Author(s):

Boris Baumgartner

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

World Economy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

The Third ◽

The World ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One ◽

Rich Countries ◽

Essential Problem

Abstract The Sub-Saharan Africa belongs to the most underdeveloped regions in the world economy. This region consists of forty nine countries but it’s world GDP share is only a small percentage. There are some very resource rich countries in this region. One of them is Angola. This former Portuguese colony has one of the largest inventories of oil among all African countries. Angola recorded one of the highest growth of GDP between 2004-2008 from all countries in the world economy and nowadays is the third biggest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria and South Africa. The essential problem of Angola is the one-way oriented economy on oil and general on natural resources. Angola will be forced to change their one-way oriented economy to be more diversified and competitive in the future.

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How China is Reshaping the Global Economy

10.1093/oso/9780198738510.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rhys Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

First Century ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Global Capital ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One ◽

Global Commodity Markets

The growth of China and its re-emergence as a major economic power has been a key feature of globalization in the twenty-first century. China has become an increasingly significant actor in the global economy, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. The implications of this for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been a source of major debate. This book examines the arguments drawing on a growing body of research on China’s economic involvement in SSA and LAC. It begins by considering the process of economic reform in China from the late 1970s that provided the basis for China’s growing integration with the global economy. It considers four aspects of this integration: the growth of China as a global manufacturing centre, its impact on global commodity markets, the overseas expansion of Chinese firms as part of the ‘Go Global’ policy, and the increased role of China in global capital flows. Discussion of China’s impact on SSA and LAC is characterized by disagreements over both the extent of its presence and the underlying drivers. The book documents the different forms of Chinese economic involvement and clarifies some of the confusion that has arisen over the extent of China’s presence. It then analyzes the economic, social, political, and environmental impacts of China on both regions, to show a much more varied picture than the one that is often presented. These impacts depend to a significant extent on local conditions and actors, and cannot simply be read off as a consequence of Chinese expansion.

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Prototyping a Knowledge-Based System to Identify Botanical Extracts for Plant Health in Sub-Saharan Africa

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 896

Author(s):

Pierre J. Silvie ◽

Pierre Martin ◽

Marianne Huchard ◽

Priscilla Keip ◽

Alain Gutierrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Base ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Plant Health ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Pest Species ◽

Knowledge Based System ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One

Replacing synthetic pesticides and antimicrobials with plant-based extracts is a current alternative adopted by traditional and family farmers and many organic farming pioneers. A range of natural extracts are already being marketed for agricultural use, but many other plants are prepared and used empirically. A further range of plant species that could be effective in protecting different crops against pests and diseases in Africa could be culled from the large volume of knowledge available in the scientific literature. To meet this challenge, data on plant uses have been compiled in a knowledge base and a software prototype was developed to navigate this trove of information. The present paper introduces this so-called Knomana Knowledge-Based System, while providing outputs related to Spodoptera frugiperda and Tuta absoluta, two invasive insect species in Africa. In early October 2020, the knowledge base hosted data obtained from 342 documents. From these articles, 11,816 uses—experimental or applied by farmers—were identified in the plant health field. In total, 384 crop pest species are currently reported in the knowledge base, in addition to 1547 botanical species used for crop protection. Future prospects for applying this interdisciplinary output to applications under the One Health approach are presented.

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Ethical Issues in Indigenous Archaeology: Problems with Difference and Collaboration

Canadian Journal of Bioethics ◽

10.7202/1066461ar ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 34-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alfredo González-Ruibal

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

The Other ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Indigenous Archaeology ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely accepted, at least in theory, in many settler colonies, from Canada to New Zealand. In this paper, I would like to expand such critique in two ways: on the one hand, I will point out some issues that have been left unresolved; on the other hand, I will address indigenous and colonial experiences that are different from British settler colonies, which have massively shaped our understanding of indigeneity and the relationship of archaeology to it. I am particularly concerned with two key problems: alterity – how archaeologists conceptualize difference – and collaboration – how archaeologists imagine their relationship with people from a different cultural background. My reflections are based on my personal experiences working with communities in southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America that differ markedly from those usually discussed by indigenous archaeologies.

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Innovative Healthcare Technologies in Otorhinolarnygological Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa: Strategies for Accelerated Uptake

Western Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.46912/wjmbs.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

OE Braimah ◽

AL Okhakhu

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

New Technologies ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Patient Comfort ◽

Technological Innovations ◽

Health Technologies ◽

The World ◽

Healthcare Technologies ◽

Sub Saharan

Healthcare innovations are geared towards greater patient comfort, improved diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) has witnessed many technological innovations become a core aspect of daily practice. Sub-Saharan Africa is currently lagging behind the rest of the world in both development and uptake of innovative health technologies. This paper aims to examine these innovations in otorhinolaryngology as well as the challenges and routes to their timely deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A literature review was conducted on papers retrieved from Google scholar and Pubmed. Several factors have hampered practitioners in SSA from fully leveraging new technologies. By applying political, legal, economic, educational and scientific strategies these practitioners may adopt safe, effective, home-grown adaptations of emerging technologies for accelerated uptake.

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Business Visibility and Taxation in Northern Cameroon

African Studies Review ◽

10.1353/arw.2010.0009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 149-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

José-María Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Business Practice ◽

The Other ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

State Control ◽

Tax Effort ◽

Northern Cameroon ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One

Abstract:Through an analysis of the taxation of business activities in Adamaoua Province, Cameroon, this article aims to provide ethnographic substance to current debates about the “tax effort” in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the current mission of the tax authorities to identify all potential taxpayers and track their locations, movements, and activities is often presented in the context of nationwide reform and a commitment to making all taxable enterprises visible, a close examination of the government's practices reveals other factors at work. The case of cattle traders in particular shows that taxation policies in Adamaoua today are based on an interplay between, on the one hand, modes of state control and levels of administrative ef-ficiency, and on the other, longstanding repertoires of business practice and idioms of documentation.

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Ethical systems, African

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ◽

10.4324/9780415249126-z008-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Anthony Appiah

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Aesthetic Evaluation ◽

Ethical Thought ◽

Wide Range ◽

Political Traditions ◽

Christian Missionary ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One ◽

Ethical Systems

Ethical thought in sub-Saharan Africa grows largely out of traditions that are communalistic, not based in individual consent, anti-universalizing, naturalistic, and humanist. Within such thought, the general vocabulary of evaluation, like such English words as ‘good’ and ‘bad’, does not strongly differentiate between narrow moral assessments, on the one hand, and technical or aesthetic evaluation on the other. This is true of places where Islam has been present for many centuries. The substantial exposure, in the colonial and postcolonial periods, to European moral ideas (both through various forms of Christian missionary evangelism and as a result of contact with secular moral and political traditions from elsewhere), along with the changes produced by the modern economy, have produced a wide range of ethical ideas. However, the residue of precolonial ethical theory remains the most distinctive, if not always the most important, component and is the main topic of this entry.

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African Smallholder Farmers on the Move: Farm and Non-Farm Trends for Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2002–15

10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Magnus Jirström ◽

Maria Archila Bustos ◽

Sarah Alobo Loison

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Production Area ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The One ◽

High Degree

This chapter provides a broad descriptive background of central aspects of smallholder agriculture in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It offers an up-to-date picture of the current trends of crop production, area productivity, levels of commercialization, and sources of cash incomes among 2,500 farming households. Structured around smallholder production, commercialization, and diversification in the period 2002–15, the chapter points on the one hand at persistent challenges such as low crop yields, low levels of output per farm, and a high degree of subsistence farming, and on the other hand at positive change over time in terms of growth in crop production and increasing levels of commercialization. It points at large variations not only between countries and time periods but also at the village levels, where gaps in crop productivity between farms remain large. Implicitly it points at the potential yet to be exploited in the SSA smallholder sector.

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