scholarly journals How do citizens feel about their water services in the water sector? Evidence from the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Tian ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Water Supply Services

AbstractAt present, many studies have used social survey methods to explore UK water citizens’ perceptions of the water sector’s water services, but there are few more targeted and systematic studies. This paper mainly displays the perceptions of UK water citizens on water services in the water sector in recent years and analyses the main reasons for different perceptions and possible strategies. We conduct extensive research from four aspects that are highly related to water services: water citizens’ perceptions of the water supply services and technology application (infrastructure construction) provided by the water sector; the state of communication between the water sector and water citizens and their perceptions of water supply management; water citizens’ perceptions of the comprehensive utilisation of water resources in the water sector; water citizens’ perceptions of the water prices set by the water sector. These discussions aim to discover citizens’ perceptions of the water sector and the effects on the public participation mechanism. These insights help attract the water sector’s attention so that the public’s opinions can genuinely support water policymakers and provide sure support for the water sector to formulate corresponding solutions.

scholarly journals Programa Cisterna nas Escolas: estudo de caso na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Elvis Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
José Thales Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
Fabiana De Souza Pantaleão
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Water Supply Services

O Projeto Cisternas nas Escolas objetiva o fornecimento de água para as escolas rurais do Semiárido, utilizando ações estruturais mediante concepção de cisternas como tecnologia social para armazenamento de água pluvial, e ações não estruturais por meio de práticas educativas contextualizadas. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um pioneiro diagnóstico da infraestrutura dos serviços de abastecimento de água as escolas rurais em que foram implantadas cisternas do Programa Cisternas nas Escolas na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos, no estado de Alagoas, especificamente no município de Santana do Mundaú, utilizando-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com emprego de entrevista semiestruturada e não estruturada, além do uso de questionário, fichas-relatório e registros fotográficos. Das cisternas implantadas nas escolas, apenas uma está sendo parcialmente utilizada. Estão todas elas totalmente desprovidas de acompanhamento técnico, sendo possível perceber a falta de interesse do executivo municipal na promoção da manutenção desses equipamentos. São fundamentais ações que elevem o empoderamento social a essas construções.  Cistern in Schools Program: case study in the mountainous microregion of quilombos in the state of Alagoas, Brazil The reality of many rural schools in the public system presents a still worrying scenario regarding access to water. The Cisterns in Schools Project aims to provide water for rural schools in the Semi-Arid and priority areas located in indigenous villages and quilombola communities, using structural actions through the design of cisterns as social technology for rainwater storage, and non-structural actions through contextualized educational practices. The work aims to present a pioneering diagnosis of the infrastructure of water supply services to rural schools in which cisterns of the Cisterns in Schools Program were implemented in the mountainous dos Quilombos Microregion in the state of Alagoas, specifically in the municipality of Santana do Mandau. The methodology was based on exploratory and qualitative research using semi-structured and unstructured interviews, using a questionnaire, report cards and photographic records. Of the cisterns installed in schools, only one is being partially used. They are all totally devoid of technical monitoring, being possible to perceive the lack of interest of the municipal executive in promoting the maintenance of this equipment. Keywords: Water supply, Education, Health.

Analysis of water pricing in Ireland and recommendations towards a more efficient water sector

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brady ◽  
N. F. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Unaccounted For Water

Within Ireland, both the public water supply and group water scheme (GWS) sectors are crucial entities in the provision of water supply to individuals. In this study, variances in water charges and operation are assessed via an in-depth survey of 104 GWSs in order to establish the range in both domestic and commercial charges, and also to establish the factors influencing these charges within the rural water sector. Results are compared with the commercial water charges of the 34 local authorities involved in the provision of public water and wastewater services. Devoid of regulation, tariff setting is highly decentralised with substantial variations in connection, fixed and volumetric charges across both sectors. Greater transparency is essential to establish the full cost of supply to domestic and non-domestic consumers. Findings reveal average GWS volumetric charges to be 35% lower than public supplies, resulting in communities wishing to retain ownership of their schemes as there is much greater control over water pricing. Historic underinvestment has led to an infrastructure deficit and deficiencies within the public supply sector are discussed, such as inadequate revenue collection and high unaccounted-for water. Furthermore, recommendations are made towards effective operation and pricing in light of proposed government plans to establish a national water authority.

scholarly journals Household’s Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Mettu Town: An Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
Water Supply Services

The purpose of the article is to analyze and determine the willingness of citizens to pay for improving the quality of water services (the income derived from the consumption of water services does not cover the costs of providing such services). The study focuses on Ethiopia’s metropolitan areas (including households in town Mettu), as it is the problem of financial scarcity in Ethiopia that is particularly relevant and access to water services is a key component in calculating the human poverty index for most developing countries. Based on a survey of 79 Mettu town households, it is justified that residents view water not as a public good but as an economic good, as they are prepared to pay for it. The survey concluded that an average of 69% of Mettu households is willing to pay for improved water quality, with household income, water supply satisfaction, and supply price having a strong impact on households’ willingness to pay for improved water services. In particular, the older the locals are and the higher their income level, the more they are willing to pay for improved water quality and security of water supply. At the same time, rising levels of education in Mettu residents reduce their willingness to incur additional financial costs, more educated people view water services as a boon to the authorities. The results of the study proved that while providing local authorities with high-quality water supply services, more than 80% of households are ready and able to pay for services at a price that exceeds the tariff rate for water supply costs. The article stated that increasing the quality of water supply services by increasing the number of tariffs for water use will contribute to the growth of the financial revenues of local authorities, which will ensure the provision of water supply in the required quantity and on a stable basis. Keywords: improved water supply services, willingness, bidding Prices and tariff structure.

Pipes and politics: a century of change and continuity in Kenyan urban water supply

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nilsson ◽  
Ezekiel Nyangeri Nyanchaga
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Service Standards

ABSTRACTMajor institutional reforms are currently under way to improve the performance of the public water sector in Kenya. However, a historical perspective is needed in order to achieve sustainable improvements that will also benefit the urban poor. This article seeks to provide such a perspective, applying a cross-disciplinary and socio-technical approach to urban water supply over the last century, in which institutions, organisations and technology are seen to interact with political, economic and demographic processes. Despite a series of reforms over the years, the socio-technical structure of the urban water sector in Kenya has shown a remarkable stability since the 1920s, and into the 1980s. However, the sustainability of the public service systems has been eroded since independence, due to changes in the institutional framework surrounding the systems, while exclusive standards and technological choices have essentially been preserved from the colonial era. Current sector reform must create incentives for addressing technology choices and service standards in order to provide public water services also for the urban poor.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Engineering Methodology and Architecture for Resilience in Systems-of-Systems: A Case of Water Supply Resilience to Flooding

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrios Joannou ◽  
Roy Kalawsky ◽  
Sara Saravi ◽  
Monica Rivas Casado ◽  
Guangtao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

There is a clear and evident requirement for a conscious effort to be made towards a resilient water system-of-systems (SoS) within the UK, in terms of both supply and flooding. The impact of flooding goes beyond the immediately obvious socio-aspects of disruption, cascading and affecting a wide range of connected systems. The issues caused by flooding need to be treated in a fashion which adopts an SoS approach to evaluate the risks associated with interconnected systems and to assess resilience against flooding from various perspectives. Changes in climate result in deviations in frequency and intensity of precipitation; variations in annual patterns make planning and management for resilience more challenging. This article presents a verified model-based system engineering methodology for decision-makers in the water sector to holistically, and systematically implement resilience within the water context, specifically focusing on effects of flooding on water supply. A novel resilience viewpoint has been created which is solely focused on the resilience aspects of architecture that is presented within this paper. Systems architecture modelling forms the basis of the methodology and includes an innovative resilience viewpoint to help evaluate current SoS resilience, and to design for future resilient states. Architecting for resilience, and subsequently simulating designs, is seen as the solution to successfully ensuring system performance does not suffer, and systems continue to function at the desired levels of operability. The case study presented within this paper demonstrates the application of the SoS resilience methodology on water supply networks in times of flooding, highlighting how such a methodology can be used for approaching resilience in the water sector from an SoS perspective. The methodology highlights where resilience improvements are necessary and also provides a process where architecture solutions can be proposed and tested.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of water supply services in Chitungwiza: How water supply services mirrors poor governance and lack of management

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luckson Zvobgo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Background: Provision of reliable water services is crucial for urban livelihood. In Chitungwiza, provision of water services has been deteriorating since the millennium with residents losing hope for better services. The poor supply of municipal water in Chitungwiza has led to a chronic ‘dry taps situation’ where household taps are dry from periods of several consecutive days to months.Aim: This article assesses the water supply challenges in Chitungwiza through performance evaluation of the water supply services.Setting: The study was conducted in 26 suburbs in the four residential zones of Chitungwiza Municipality.Methods: Performance evaluation of water supply services was carried out using seven performance indicators: coverage of water supply connection, extent of metering of water connections, presence of leakages, extent of non-revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied and efficiency in redressal of customer complaints. Two hundred and ninety-eight semi-structured questionnaires were administered in four residential zones of Chitungwiza. Water distribution system surveillance and key informant interviews were also conducted.Results: The results indicate high non-revenue water, poor water infrastructure maintenance, lack of water investment leading to widespread leakages in the distribution system, poor water quality supply and unreliable services provision. A majority, 80.2%, rated the municipal water supply services as poor. To cope with this new reality, households in Chitungwiza implemented a ‘source switch’ to new sources.Conclusion: Household shallow wells were identified as the main adapting strategy with 51.7% households relying on wells despite concerns about the water quality of the wells. Chitungwiza municipality should implement structural reforms that allow the current water service provision to improve.

Civil society and the movement for public water: Water management and its transformation in the UK1 and Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Sergio Marotta ◽  
Ferdinando Spina
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Uk

This chapter considers water supply within the general framework of the foundational economy. By highlighting the complex relationships in water governance between the public sector, the market and civil society, the chapter looks at the implications of the new financialised economy and the point value approach for universal access to drinking water. Moreover, it considers strengths but also limitations of the civic repair efforts toward social justice and sustainability in the water sector. First, the chapter provides an introduction to the evolution of the legal and regulatory framework for water supply in the UK and Italy. It then describes the devices of extraction and exploitation in water governance. Lastly, the chapter examines the most significant phases of the process for the remunicipalisation of water services in Italy.

The privatisation debate on water services in the Netherlands: public performance of the water sector and the implications of market forces

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. Kuks
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Public

Legally adopted in France and the UK, privatization of water services is still vigorously debated in the Netherlands. Advocates of privatization believe it is the best way to save on utility costs and to increase their transparency. Opponents believe that the Dutch water sector already provides high quality services for low prices, including an additional public performance that is expected to be excluded in a free market. The author argues that the performance of water service providers should not be assessed only in terms of efficiency, but in terms of the effects on the entire water system as well as the protection of small customers. It is quite possible that without privatization, a public agency could also improve its efficiency and become more competitive in relation to other service providers. Privatization seems to be more a matter of political ideology (based on a belief that the public sector operates inefficiently) than a matter of hard facts. The success of privatization depends at least on the performance of a complementary public regulatory regime. The question should not be whether the public or the private sector performs better hypothetically, but how the actual performance regarding public goods and services can be improved.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Various Shaped Models of Delivery valve in Hydraulic Ram Pump – Experimental Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Made Suarda ◽  
I Gusti Bagus wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Made Sucipta ◽  
Ainul Ghurri
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sphere Model ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Valve Model ◽  
Water Supply Services

Four shaped models of delivery valve had been investigated and compared to improve performance of a hydraulic ram. Hydraulic ram pumps have been constructed and operated. Most of them built locally using steel pipe fittings that commercially accessible in the market rather than factory-made one. These have assisted inhabitants in rural or hilly area where water sources available for water supply services or irrigations. However, the major problem challenged by the public was on designing and repairing of the impulse and delivery valves of the pumps. Performance of the pumps are affected predominantly by the both valves. One characteristic of the valves is their shape. Considered on the characteristics of the fluid flow through surface of plate and sphere object are different on the pattern and losses. Therefore, investigation is necessitated to find a proper shape of the delivery valve for enhancing the performance of the pump. In this research four valve models were experimented to assess the hydraulic ram pump performance on varies delivery heads. The results show that the sphere model of the delivery valve offered the best efficiency, then followed by the membrane, the half-sphere and the flat delivery valve models. However, the rounded model: sphere and half-sphere delivery valve model were facing obstructions in implementation for a high delivery head.

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