scholarly journals Place of study, field of study and labour-market region: What matters for wage differences among higher-education graduates?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Kopecny ◽  
Steffen Hillmert
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Wage Variation

AbstractThis paper focuses on the structure and extent of wage differences among graduates of different higher-education institutions in Germany. We ask how large these differences are and how they relate to fields of study and regional labour markets. The results from our application of cross-classified random-effects models to a cohort of the DZHW Graduate Panel show that there is a considerable amount of wage variation depending on the graduates’ alma mater. However, this variation can be fully explained by structural characteristics: Selection based on individual characteristics is of only minor importance, while regional labour markets do matter. Most of all, however, the differences relate to fields of study.

scholarly journals Which Person Is Presumed to Fit the Institution? How Refugee Students’ and Practitioners’ Discursive Representations of Successful Applicants and Students Highlight Transition Barriers to German Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-227
Author(s):  
Jana Berg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Refugee Students ◽  
Program Coordinators ◽  
Qualitative Social Research ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Academic Practices

Abstract During recent years, German higher education institutions implemented a variety of support programs for refugees on their way to higher education. This newly highlighted questions of widening participation and informal as well as formal access barriers to higher education. This paper looks into discourses on successful students as a form of knowledge that implicitly highlights transition barriers to higher education. The qualitative study is based on expert interviews with teachers, program coordinators and student counsellors as well as interviews with prospective refugee students in a case study of a preparatory college (‘Studienkolleg’) and a university in a case study of one city in Germany. They are analysed using Keller’s (Forum qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum Qualitative Social Research 8(2), Art. 19:1–32, 2007) approach to discourse analysis. The paper describes personal, institutional and structural characteristics of ideal higher education transitions. Institutional presuppositions and assumptions about individual characteristics, the social organisation of time, academic practices and knowledges as well as discursively represented norms are discussed as crucial factors influencing higher education transitions. The paper ends with a working hypothesis on the influence of discourses on transitions and recommends that institutional settings should develop more awareness of and adapt to diverse applicants and students in order to widen access to higher education.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Inna Varnavska ◽  
Oleksandr Cheremisin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Individual

Cultural competence is an integral quality of personality, which is manifested in the general ability and willingness of man to various creative activities, socially orients higher education to independent and successful life. The aim of the article is to analyze the formation of cultural competence of higher education seekers as a dynamic process of change of the person himself, his formation as a cultural personality. Research methods applied: system-chronological, culturological, axiological, comparative, retrospective, didactic. The approaches are based on a set of methodological principles, including: dialectical, systematic, historicism, chronological, personalized. The article reveals the problem that until recently the pedagogical research did not define the exact parameters, indicators and criteria according to which it would be possible to accurately and unambiguously assess the cultural competence of applicants. This is partly due to the fact that the key competencies that characterize the cultural competence of applicants are not a separate part of the curriculum, they are integrated into its content. The difficulty of such a definition is also due to the value nature of culture and the process of its assignment by the individual. The translation of culture into the language of competencies in the educational process does not eliminate this problem. In contrast to structured subject learning, the cultural development of the individual is supra-subject in nature and is associated with the definition of values and personal positions of applicants. It is concluded that in pedagogical science there is a theoretical basis that allows meaningful and organizational development of the assessment of the process of cultural development of higher education institutions. The study proves that in the practice of higher education it is not yet possible to avoid one-sidedness and limitations in the assessment of cultural competence; certain difficulties arise in the question of its holistic representation as a result of quality education. The problem of assessing cultural competence requires a purposeful study, taking into account the specifics of the educational process of higher education institutions of different profiles, the individual characteristics of the assignment of culture to applicants and their mastery of key competencies.

Engineers or Lawyers? Institutions and Demand for Higher Education

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Natkhov ◽  
L. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Demand For Education ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Law and public administration schools in Russia vastly exceed in their popularity sciences and engineering. We relate such lopsided demand for higher education to the quality of institutions setting “rules of the game” in economy and society. Cross-country and Russian interregional data indicate the quality of institutions (rule of law, protection of property rights etc.) is negatively associated with the demand for education in law, and positively — in sciences and engineering. More gifted younger people are particularly sensitive to the quality of institutions in choosing their fields of study, and such selection is an important transmission channel between institutions and economic growth.

The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
A. V. Topilin ◽  
A. S. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

Internal Labour Migration and its Influence on the Regional Labour Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
V.P. Bardovsky ◽  
L.V. Plakhova ◽  
Ju.A. Zvyagintseva ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Regional Labour Markets

scholarly journals Determinants of prepaid systems of healthcare financing: a worldwide country-level perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Leiter ◽  
Engelbert Theurl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level

AbstractIn this paper we examine determinants of prepaid modes of health care financing in a worldwide cross-country perspective. We use three different indicators to capture the role of prepaid modes in health care financing: (i) the share of total prepaid financing as percent of total current health expenditures, (ii) the share of voluntary prepaid financing as percent of total prepaid financing, and (iii) the share of compulsory health insurance as percent of total compulsory prepaid financing. In the econometric analysis, we refer to a panel data set comprising 154 countries and covering the time period 2000–2015. We apply a static as well as a dynamic panel data model. We find that the current structure of prepaid financing is significantly determined by its different forms in the past. The significant influence of GDP per capita, governmental revenues, the agricultural value added, development assistance for health, degree of urbanization and regulatory quality varies depending on the financing structure we look at. The share of the elderly and the education level are only of minor importance for explaining the variation in a country’s share of prepaid health care financing. The importance of the mentioned variables as determinants for prepaid health care financing also varies depending on the countries’ socio-economic development. From our analysis we conclude that more detailed information on indicators which reflect the distribution of individual characteristics (such as income, family size and structure and health risks) within a country’s population would be needed to gain deeper insight into the decisive determinants for prepaid health care financing.

Descriptive geometry: Designing surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sal'kov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Descriptive Geometry ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Frame Method ◽  
State Educational

In the textbook, in addition to the geometric design of surfaces, the elements of analytical and parametric geometries are proposed that contribute to the design and bring the result to a higher level of knowledge, as well as a frame method for designing surfaces. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of the specialties "Architect" and " Designer of the architectural environment "(qualifications "bachelor", "specialist", "master"). It may be useful for students of other fields of study.

scholarly journals Psychological Features of Pedagogical Interaction in the “Teacher-Student” System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Olga O. Hreilikh ◽  
Natalia O. Vydolob
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Psychological Features

The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education, as well as the need to cover the psychological features of such interaction from the point of view of developing a qualitative assessment of their role and place in the educational process of a higher educational institution. The purpose of the study is to formulate psychological aspects of “teacher-student” communication within the educational space to identify methods of its regulation. The leading approach of the research is a combination of theoretical analysis of the main aspects of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in an educational institution taking into account the main functions and tasks of each of the groups under consideration and structural synthesis of the features of this type of interaction based on psychological factors of communication on the scale of a higher educational institution. The research considers issues related to the psychological features of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education. Qualitative indicators of communicative relations of subjects of the educational process, in particular teachers and students, are determined. The key psychological features of pedagogical interaction in the “teacherstudent” system are highlighted, including the development of trust in the authority of the teacher, taking into account students' individual factors in the process of studying subjects within the programme, maintaining a positive psychological climate in subject-subject relations. The necessity of developing a qualitative assessment of the level of communication between teachers and students as an objective factor for further assessment of the overall level of their pedagogical interaction effectiveness and the psychological characteristics of each of the groups under consideration is emphasised. The results and conclusions of the research are of practical value both for modern applicants for higher education and for representatives of the teaching staff of modern higher educational institutions concerned with the problems of building high-quality communication among each other, taking into account the individual characteristics and qualities of each group

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