Biofilm associated genotypes of multiple antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental microorganism and also a common cause of infection. Its ability to survive in many different environments and persistently colonize humans is linked to its presence in biofilms formed on indwelling device surfaces. Biofilm promotes adhesion to, and survival on surfaces, protects from desiccation and the actions of antibiotics and disinfectants. Results We examined the genetic basis for biofilm production on polystyrene at room (22 °C) and body temperature (37 °C) within 280 P. aeruginosa. 193 isolates (69 %) produced more biofilm at 22 °C than at 37 °C. Using GWAS and pan-GWAS, we found a number of accessory genes significantly associated with greater biofilm production at 22 °C. Many of these are present on a 165 kb region containing genes for heavy metal resistance (arsenic, copper, mercury and cadmium), transcriptional regulators and methytransferases. We also discovered multiple core genome SNPs in the A-type flagellin gene and Type II secretion system gene xpsD. Analysis of biofilm production of isolates of the MDR ST111 and ST235 lineages on stainless-steel revealed several accessory genes associated with enhanced biofilm production. These include a putative translocase with homology to a Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system protein, a TA system II toxin gene and the alginate biosynthesis gene algA, several transcriptional regulators and methytransferases as well as core SNPs in genes involved in quorum sensing and protein translocation. Conclusions Using genetic association approaches we discovered a number of accessory genes and core-genome SNPs that were associated with enhanced early biofilm formation at 22 °C compared to 37 °C. These included a 165 kb genomic island containing multiple heavy metal resistance genes, transcriptional regulators and methyltransferases. We hypothesize that this genomic island may be associated with overall genotypes that are environmentally adapted to survive at lower temperatures. Further work to examine their importance in, for example gene-knockout studies, are required to confirm their relevance. GWAS and pan-GWAS approaches have great potential as a first step in examining the genetic basis of novel bacterial phenotypes.

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Biofilm Associated Genotypes of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112816/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Redfern ◽

Janine Wallace ◽

Alex van Belkum ◽

Magali Jaillard ◽

Elliot Whittard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Protein Translocation ◽

Protein A ◽

Transcriptional Regulators ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Secretion System ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Accessory Genes

Abstract BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental microorganism and also a common cause of infection. Its ability to survive in many different environments and persistently colonize humans is linked to its presence in biofilms formed on indwelling device surfaces. Biofilm promotes adhesion to, and survival on surfaces, protects from desiccation and the actions of antibiotics and disinfectants. ResultsWe examined the genetic basis for biofilm production on polystyrene at room (22°C) and body temperature (37°C) within 280 P. aeruginosa. 69% of isolates (n=193) produced more biofilm at 22°C, whilst those producing more biofilm at 37°C had reduced genetic diversity. Using GWAS and pan-GWAS, we found a number of accessory genes significantly associated with this phenotype. Many of these are present on a 165kb region containing genes for heavy metal resistance (arsenic, copper, mercury and cadmium) transcriptional regulators and methytransferases. We also discovered multiple core genome SNPs in the A-type flagellin gene and Type II secretion system gene xpsD. Analysis of biofilm production of isolates of the MDR ST111 and ST235 lineages on stainless-steel revealed several accessory genes associated with enhanced biofilm production. These include a putative translocase with homology to a Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system protein, a TA system II toxin gene and the alginate biosynthesis gene algA, several transcriptional regulators and methytransferases as well as core SNPs in genes involved in quorum sensing and protein translocation. ConclusionsGWAS and pan-GWAS approaches have great potential as a first step in characterizing the genetic basis of novel bacterial phenotypes.

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Integrase-Controlled Excision of Metal-Resistance Genomic Islands in Acinetobacter baumannii

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9070366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 366 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zaaima AL-Jabri ◽

Roxana Zamudio ◽

Eva Horvath-Papp ◽

Joseph Ralph ◽

Zakariya AL-Muharrami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Core Genome ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Genomic Islands ◽

Genome Plasticity ◽

E Coli

Genomic islands (GIs) are discrete gene clusters encoding for a variety of functions including antibiotic and heavy metal resistance, some of which are tightly associated to lineages of the core genome phylogenetic tree. We have investigated the functions of two distinct integrase genes in the mobilization of two metal resistant GIs, G08 and G62, of Acinetobacter baumannii. Real-time PCR demonstrated integrase-dependent GI excision, utilizing isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside IPTG-inducible integrase genes in plasmid-based mini-GIs in Escherichia coli. In A. baumannii, integrase-dependent excision of the original chromosomal GIs could be observed after mitomycin C induction. In both E. coli plasmids and A. baumannii chromosome, the rate of excision and circularization was found to be dependent on the expression level of the integrases. Susceptibility testing in A. baumannii strain ATCC 17978, A424, and their respective ΔG62 and ΔG08 mutants confirmed the contribution of the GI-encoded efflux transporters to heavy metal decreased susceptibility. In summary, the data evidenced the functionality of two integrases in the excision and circularization of the two Acinetobacter heavy-metal resistance GIs, G08 and G62, in E. coli, as well as when chromosomally located in their natural host. These recombination events occur at different frequencies resulting in genome plasticity and may participate in the spread of resistance determinants in A. baumannii.

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Evaluation of the genetic basis of heavy metal resistance in an isolate from electronic industry effluent

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.02.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 177-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manasi ◽

N. Rajesh ◽

Vidya Rajesh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Electronic Industry ◽

Industry Effluent

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Heavy Metal Tolerance Trend in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Strains Recovered from Food Samples

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4718

Author(s):

Kashaf Junaid ◽

Hasan Ejaz ◽

Iram Asim ◽

Sonia Younas ◽

Humaira Yasmeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Food Samples ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Retail Food ◽

Esbl Producers

This study evaluates bacteriological profiles in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and assesses antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by gram-negative bacteria, and heavy metal tolerance. In total, 436 retail food samples were collected and cultured. The isolates were screened for ESBL production and molecular detection of ESBL-encoding genes. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for heavy metal tolerance. From 352 culture-positive samples, 406 g-negative bacteria were identified. Raw food samples were more often contaminated than refined food (84.71% vs. 76.32%). The predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 76), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 58), and Escherichia coli (n = 56). Overall, the percentage of ESBL producers was higher in raw food samples, although higher occurrences of ESBL-producing E. coli (p = 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.02) were observed in processed food samples. However, the prevalence of ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii in raw food samples was high (p = 0.03). Among the isolates, 55% were blaCTX-M, 26% were blaSHV, and 19% were blaTEM. Notably, heavy metal resistance was highly prevalent in ESBL producers. These findings demonstrate that retail food samples are exposed to contaminants including antibiotics and heavy metals, endangering consumers.

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Genome-Driven Discovery of Enzymes with Industrial Implications from the Genus Aneurinibacillus

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 499

Author(s):

Majid Rasool Kamli ◽

Nada A. Y. Alzahrani ◽

Nahid H. Hajrah ◽

Jamal S. M. Sabir ◽

Adeel Malik

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

The Family ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Genome Level ◽

Genome Analyses ◽

Unique Species

Bacteria belonging to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae are Gram-positive, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria inhabiting diverse environments. Currently, there are eight validly described species of Aneurinibacillus; however, several unclassified species have also been reported. Aneurinibacillus spp. have shown the potential for producing secondary metabolites (SMs) and demonstrated diverse types of enzyme activities. These features make them promising candidates with industrial implications. At present, genomes of 9 unique species from the genus Aneurinibacillus are available, which can be utilized to decipher invaluable information on their biosynthetic potential as well as enzyme activities. In this work, we performed the comparative genome analyses of nine Aneurinibacillus species representing the first such comprehensive study of this genus at the genome level. We focused on discovering the biosynthetic, biodegradation, and heavy metal resistance potential of this under-investigated genus. The results indicate that the genomes of Aneurinibacillus contain SM-producing regions with diverse bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Several carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and genes involved in heavy metal resistance were also identified. Additionally, a broad range of enzyme classes were also identified in the Aneurinibacillus pan-genomes, making this group of bacteria potential candidates for future investigations with industrial applications.

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Retromobilization of heavy metal resistance genes in unpolluted and heavy metal polluted soil

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00176.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eva M. Top ◽

Helene Rore ◽

Jean-Marc Collard ◽

Veerle Gellens ◽

Galina Slobodkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Polluted Soil

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Screening of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance among Proteus vulgaris isolates from hospital wastewater of Northern India

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352519666210308101621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Manzar Alam ◽

Mohd Imran ◽

Syed Sayeed Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

Transfer Frequency ◽

Resistance Patterns

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals is a rising problem in the world today. All the Proteus vulgaris isolates showed their MIC in between 50-1600 µg/ml. Of 70% and 46% of the isolates showed their MIC at 800-1200 µg/ml against Zn2+ and Cu2+ while 80% of the isolates showed their MIC at 100-200 µg/ml against Ni2+, respectively. All Proteus vulgaris isolates also exhibited multiple resistance patterns (2-7 heavy metals) in different combination of metals. The Multi metal resistance Index (MHMR) ranges were found (0.04-0.5). Methods: A high level of antibiotics resistance was observed against Methicillin (100%) and least to Oflaxicin (6%), Gentamycine and Neomycin (10%). All Proteus vulgaris isolates also showed multiple drug resistance patterns (2-12 antibiotics) in different combination of antibiotics. The MAR index ranges were found (0.02-0.7). Of 98%, 84% and 80% of the total isolates showed urease, gelatinase and amylase activity. Results: The Proteus vulgaris isolates contained plasmid of size ranging from 42.5 to 57.0kb and molecular weight of plasmids ranged from 27.2 to 37.0 MD. Incidences of resistance transfer, 7 pairs of isolates were assessed for the transfer of the antibiotic/ heavy metal resistance markers. The higher (4.4x10-1 and 3.4x10-1) transfer frequency was observed among antibiotic and heavy metal while lower transfer frequency were (5.0x10-2 and 1.0x10-2) showed against antibiotic and heavy metal in both the medium from the entire site tested, respectively. Conclusion: Indicating the high threat of environmental pollution and appearance of heavy metal resistance which may support the enlargement of resistance to antibiotics among the pathogens.

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Mechanisms of Bacterial Heavy Metal Resistance and Homeostasis

Heavy Metals in the Environment ◽

10.1201/b22013-2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 15-42

Author(s):

Pallavee Srivastava ◽

Meenal Kowshik

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance

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A Review on the Resistance and Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Different Microbial Strains

10.5772/intechopen.101613 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Madhuri Girdhar ◽

Zeba Tabassum ◽

Kopal Singh ◽

Anand Mohan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Contaminated Sites ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Pollution Accumulation ◽

Microbial Strains

Heavy metals accumulated the earth crust and causes extreme pollution. Accumulation of rich concentrations of heavy metals in environments can cause various human diseases which risks health and high ecological issues. Mercury, arsenic, lead, silver, cadmium, chromium, etc. are some heavy metals harmful to organisms at even very low concentration. Heavy metal pollution is increasing day by day due to industrialization, urbanization, mining, volcanic eruptions, weathering of rocks, etc. Different microbial strains have developed very efficient and unique mechanisms for tolerating heavy metals in polluted sites with eco-friendly techniques. Heavy metals are group of metals with density more than 5 g/cm3. Microorganisms are generally present in contaminated sites of heavy metals and they develop new strategies which are metabolism dependent or independent to tackle with the adverse effects of heavy metals. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Cyanobacteria uses in bioremediation technique and acts a biosorbent. Removal of heavy metal from contaminated sites using microbial strains is cheaper alternative. Mostly species involved in bioremediation include Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species and some of bacillus species too in bacteria. Aspergillus and Penicillin species used in heavy metal resistance in fungi. Various species of the brown algae and Cyanobacteria shows resistance in algae.

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