scholarly journals Relationship between Chinese Baijiu consumption and dental caries among 55- to 74-year-old adults in Guangdong, southern China: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Huang ◽  
Yihao Liang ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Buling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background Whether an association between alcohol consumption and dental caries exists is still unclear. Chinese Baijiu is the most common alcohol consumed by middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. This study aimed to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption (Chinese Baijiu) and dental caries in Guangdong Province, southern China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong Province using a multistage, stratified, equal-sized, random sampling strategy. In total, 576 individuals aged 55–74 were recruited to fill out a questionnaire through face-to-face and one-on-one interviews and to undergo a series of dental examinations with a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of dental caries was determined by the DFT/DFRoot (decayed-filled tooth/root) index. The ratios of males to females and urban people to countrymen were both 1:1. Then, the chi-square test and rank-sum tests were used to compare the differences in caries between subgroups, and multivariate logistic regression analyses, as well as negative binomial regression analyses, were executed to identify the potential relationship between alcohol consumption and caries. Results The prevalence of crown caries was 79.17% with a DFT index of 3.19, while that of root caries was 61.28% with a DFRoot index of 2.08. The prevalence and mean tooth of crown caries of females were higher than those of males. The prevalence and mean DFRoot of root caries in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis and negative binomial regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the consumption frequency of Chinese Baijiu and caries (often vs. never/rarely, crown caries: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–1.13, P = 0.103, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44–0.92, P = 0.015; root caries: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.93, P = 0.030, IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32–0.54, P = 0.008). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, frequent consumption of Chinese Baijiu was a protective factor for caries in middle-aged and elderly people in Guangdong Province. However, considering the harm of alcohol to one’s general health, it is recommended to drink moderately and avoid alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals Coronary deaths during Midsummer festival in Finland: miseries of long, light nights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Näyhä
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Adverse Consequence ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Summer Peak ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

AbstractThis paper examines whether the anomalous summer peak in deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Finland could be attributed to adverse effects of the Midsummer festival and alcohol consumption during the festival. Daily deaths from CHD and alcohol poisoning in Finland, 1961–2014, that occurred during the 7 days centering on Midsummer Day were analysed in relation to deaths during 14 to 4 days before and 4 to 14 after Midsummer Day. Daily counts of deaths from CHD among persons aged 35–64 years were regressed on days around the Midsummer period by negative binomial regression. Mortality from CHD was highest on Midsummer Day (RR 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.31), one day after the peak in deaths from alcohol poisonings. RR for CHD on Midsummer Day was particulary high (RR = 1.43; 1.09–1.86) in the 2000s, 30% of deaths being attributable to that day. In conclusion, the anomalous and prominent summer peak in deaths from CHD in Finland is an adverse consequence of the Midsummer festival. The most likely underlying reason is heavy alcohol consumption during the festival period, especially on Midsummer Eve. In the 2000s, one third of deaths from CHD on Midsummer Day are preventable.

scholarly journals Marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression with application to dental caries

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1722-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Preisser ◽  
Kalyan Das ◽  
D. Leann Long ◽  
Kimon Divaris
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Binomial Regression

scholarly journals Association of Pre- Peri- and Postnatal Factors with Developmental Defects of Enamel in Schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Peres ◽  
Samuel Carvalho Dumith ◽  
William Murray Thomson ◽  
Flávio Fernando Demarco
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

Objective: This study estimated the prevalence, extent, buccal distribution and associated factors involving enamel defects in Brazilian schoolchildren. Study design: A cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster random sample of 1,206 8–12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. The prevalence of enamel defects in the permanent dentition was determined using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index (DDE). Sociodemographic and health data were collected from their mothers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression modelling for DDE prevalence and negative binomial regression modelling for the extent of DDE. Results: The prevalence of any enamel defects was 64.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 61.4, 67.0); the main types were diffuse opacities (35.0%), demarcated opacities (29.5%) and hypoplasia (3.7%). In general, older children had a lower prevalence and extent of enamel defects than their counterparts (p<0.001). There were no other significant associations. Conclusion: Enamel defects are common, especially among younger children, but the role of pre-, peri- and postnatal exposures remains unclear.

Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Teresa V. Muñoz-Rocha ◽  
Lynda Luna-Villa ◽  
Andres Mantilla-Rodriguez ◽  
José L. Ureña-Cirett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Binomial Regression

To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). The dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates, and food groups was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/day) and total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of the adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT &#x3e;0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT &#x3e;0). The mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/kg/day. This intake was statistically higher in participants with a D4MFT = 0 compared to those with a D4MFT &#x3e;0 (0.90 vs. 0.82 mg/day; 0.016 vs. 0.014 mg/kg/day; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT, and D4MFS scores, a higher fluoride consumption (mg/day) from foods and beverages was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT &#x3e;0 than in those with D1MFT = 0 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The total carbohydrate intake (g/day) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that a higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages is associated with a lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015 mg/kg/day, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with a higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.

scholarly journals Network analysis of firearm movement among US states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Takada ◽  
Kristen Choi ◽  
Shaw Natsui ◽  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Liza Buchbinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
State Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Us States ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The movement of firearm across state lines may decrease the effectiveness of state-level firearm laws. Yet how state-level firearm policies affect cross-state movement have not yet been widely explored. This study aims to characterize the interstate movement of firearms and its relationship with state-level firearm policies. Methods: Cross-sectional time series network analysis of interstate firearm movement using Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives firearm trace data (2010 -2017). We constructed the network of firearm movement between 50 states. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the relationship between the number of a state’s firearm laws and number of states for which it was the source of 100 or more firearms, adjusting for state characteristics. We used a similar model to examine the relationship between firearm laws and the number of states for which a given state was the destination of 100 or more firearms.Results: Over the 8-year period, states had an average of 26 (SD 25.2) firearm laws. On average, a state was the source of 100 or more crime-related firearms for 2.2 (SD 2.7) states and was the destination of 100 or more crime-related firearms for 2.2 (SD 3.4) states. Greater number of firearm laws was associated with states being the source of 100 or more firearms to fewer states (IRR0.67 per SD, p<0.001), higher odds of not being a source to any states (aOR1.56 per SD, p<0.001), and states being the destination of 100 or more firearms from more states (IRR1.83 per SD, p<0.001).Conclusions: Restrictive firearm policies are associated with less movement of firearms to other states, but with more movement of firearms from outside states. The effectiveness of state-level firearm-restricting laws is complicated by a network of interstate firearm movement.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature on coronavirus disease mortality: observed trends in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastase Tchicaya ◽  
Nathalie Lorentz ◽  
Hichem Omrani ◽  
Gaetan de Lanchy ◽  
Kristell Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and long-term exposure to air pollution on the COVID-19 mortality rate at the sub-national level in France. Methods This cross-sectional study considered different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to December 2020. It included 96 departments (or NUTS 3) in mainland France. Data on long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5), annual mean temperature, health services, health risk, and socio-spatial factors were used as covariates in negative binomial regression analysis to assess their influence on the COVID-19 mortality rate. All data were obtained from open-access sources. Results The cumulative COVID-19 mortality rate by department increased during the study period in metropolitan France—from 19.8/100,000 inhabitants (standard deviation (SD): 20.1) on 1 May 2020, to 65.4/100,000 inhabitants (SD: 39.4) on 31 December 2020. The rate was the highest in the departments where the annual average of long-term exposure to PM2.5 was high. The negative binomial regression models showed that a 1 μg/m3 increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a statistically significant increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate, corresponding to 24.4%, 25.8%, 26.4%, 26.7%, 27.1%, 25.8%, and 15.1% in May, June, July, August, September, October, and November, respectively. This association was no longer significant on 1 and 31 December 2020. The association between temperature and the COVID-19 mortality rate was only significant on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020. An increase of 1 °C in the average temperature was associated with a decrease in the COVID-19-mortality rate, corresponding to 9.7%, 13.3%, and 14.5% on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020, respectively. Conclusion This study found significant associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. However, these associations tended to decrease with the persistence of the pandemic and massive spread of the disease across the entire country.

scholarly journals Network analysis of firearm movement among US states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Takada ◽  
Kristen Choi ◽  
Shaw Natsui ◽  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Liza Buchbinder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
State Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Us States ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The movement of firearm across state lines may decrease the effectiveness of state-level firearm laws. Yet how state-level firearm policies affect cross-state movement have not yet been widely explored. This study aims to characterize the interstate movement of firearms and its relationship with state-level firearm policies. Methods : Cross-sectional time series network analysis of interstate firearm movement using Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives firearm trace data (2010 -2017). We constructed the network of firearm movement between 50 states. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the relationship between the number of a state’s firearm laws and number of states for which it was the source of 100 or more firearms, adjusting for state characteristics. We used a similar model to examine the relationship between firearm laws and the number of states for which a given state was the destination of 100 or more firearms. Results : Over the 8-year period, states had an average of 26 (SD 25.2) firearm laws. On average, a state was the source of 100 or more crime-related firearms for 2.2 (SD 2.7) states and was the destination of 100 or more crime-related firearms for 2.2 (SD 3.4) states. Greater number of firearm laws was associated with states being the source of 100 or more firearms to fewer states (IRR0.67 per SD, p<0.001), higher odds of not being a source to any states (aOR1.56 per SD, p<0.001), and states being the destination of 100 or more firearms from more states (IRR1.83 per SD, p<0.001). Conclusions: Restrictive firearm policies are associated with less movement of firearms to other states, but with more movement of firearms from outside states. The effectiveness of state-level firearm-restricting laws is complicated by a network of interstate firearm movement.

Gang organization and violence in youth correctional facilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Walter Scott ◽  
Cheryl Lee Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Violence ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Gang Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine characteristics of gang organization in youth correctional facilities as reported by youth and staff as well as to analyze the relationship between institutional violence and level of gang organization. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected through interviews with staff and youth in correctional facilities. Gang organization level averages are compared across youth and official perspectives, and the variability of responses among youth is also examined. Negative binomial regression models are conducted to determine the association between perceived level of gang organization and officially recorded violent behavior, both prior to and subsequent to the interview. Findings – Perceptions of institutional gang organization vary notably depending on who is reporting. In contrast with prior studies of street gangs, controlling for youth demographics and offense characteristics, the authors find no significant relationship between gang organization and violence. Research limitations/implications – The sample size is small and the data are cross-sectional. Future studies will need to be conducted in order to confirm these findings, as they contradict prior studies. The analysis of street gang organization may need to be approached differently by scholars. Originality/value – Research has not been conducted on the organizational structure of gangs in youth correctional facilities or its relationship to institutional violence.

Burden and trajectory of multimorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: a matched cohort study from 2006 to 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2020-218282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant R England ◽  
Punyasha Roul ◽  
Yangyuna Yang ◽  
Harlan Sayles ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Binomial Regression

ObjectivesTo compare the onset and trajectory of multimorbidity between individuals with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA matched, retrospective cohort study was completed in a large, US commercial insurance database (MarketScan) from 2006 to 2015. Using validated algorithms, patients with RA (overall and incident) were age-matched and sex-matched to patients without RA. Diagnostic codes for 44 preidentified chronic conditions were selected to determine the presence (≥2 conditions) and burden (count) of multimorbidity. Cross-sectional comparisons were completed using the overall RA cohort and conditional logistic and negative binomial regression models. Trajectories of multimorbidity were assessed within the incident RA subcohort using generalised estimating equations.ResultsThe overall cohort (n=277 782) and incident subcohort (n=61 124) were female predominant (76.5%, 74.1%) with a mean age of 55.6 years and 54.5 years, respectively. The cross-sectional prevalence (OR 2.29, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.34) and burden (ratio of conditions 1.68, 95% CI 1.66 to 1.70) of multimorbidity were significantly higher in RA than non-RA in the overall cohort. Within the incident RA cohort, patients with RA had more chronic conditions than non-RA (β 1.13, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.17), and the rate of accruing chronic conditions was significantly higher in RA compared with non-RA (RA × follow-up year, β 0.21, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.21, p<0.001). Results were similar when including the pre-RA period and in several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is highly prevalent in RA and progresses more rapidly in patients with RA than in patients without RA during and immediately following RA onset. Therefore, multimorbidity should be aggressively identified and targeted early in the RA disease course.

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