scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from two cross-sectional colonization surveys among children aged <5 years prior to the introduction of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine — Kenya, 2009–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwako Kobayashi ◽  
Laura M. Conklin ◽  
Godfrey Bigogo ◽  
Geofrey Jagero ◽  
Lee Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using the Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in Ngora district. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumococcal carriage predisposes children to pneumonia. Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in the Ngora district. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against the pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Gabriel Madut Akech ◽  
Mercy Naloli ◽  
Paul Sebwami ◽  
Patrick Kazibwe ◽  
Maureen Atwikiriize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Pneumococcal carriage predisposes children to pneumonia. Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Data was also collected from the mothers who consented to take part in the study, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in the Ngora district. Only one mother-baby pair (1/152) was found to be colonized with pneumococci in both mother and baby and the rest of S. pneumoniae colonized either the mother or baby. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Also, high resistance patterns were recorded with chloramphenicol (50%) and tetracycline (50%), whereas the lowest resistance was recorded in clindamycin (17%). Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against the pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Bacterial Meningitis among Adult Patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiye Tigabu ◽  
Abiyot Jember ◽  
Temesgen Nega ◽  
Getachew Wubishet ◽  
Hana Misganaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background: Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The most frequent causes of bacterial meningitis are N. meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, and Homophiles influenza. This study aimed to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among adult patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,683 patients to determine bacterial meningitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns from 2011 to 2020. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and inoculated on blood and chocolate agar plates, and then incubated at 37oc for 24 hours. Bacterial identification performed using morphological characters, gram stain, and standardized biochemical tests. Records of 3,683 culture results were collected and reviewed using a checklist from the registration book. Finally, data was entered, cleared, and checked using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression used for statistical association. The results were displayed using tables and figures. P-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 3,683 patients, the overall prevalence of bacterial meningitis was 1.28% (47/3683). Of them, bacterial meningitis in males was 0.9% (33/3683) whereas, it was 0.38% (14/3683) in females. Bacterial meningitis among inpatients, 1.16% (43/3683) was higher than their outpatient counterparts, 0.12% (4/3683). Ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics whereas penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole were the least effective antibiotics for isolates. Being male in sex (P = 0.048, AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.283-0.993) was significantly associated with bacterial meningitis.Conclusions: The prevalence of bacterial meningitis among adult patients was 1.28%, which is considerably high. Being male in gender is a risk factor for bacterial meningitis. Therefore, infection preventive measures are required with a particular focus on adult patients. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiology and risk factors of meningitis.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility Patterns against Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah ◽  
Marvi Baloch ◽  
Javeid Iqbal ◽  
Ayaz Ali Khan ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Backgrounds In Pakistan, despite the surge in antibiotic consumption scanty of literature evidences exist regarding antibiotic susceptibility patterns in URTIs. Thus, we conducted the study to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns in URTIs.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting 259 culture samples from tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Using simple random sampling, culture reports of even numbered patient were included as per study inclusion criteria.Results Two hundred sixty samples were processed out of which only 144 (55.4%) samples yielded growth, i-e., 42.7% males and 49% females. In males, the resistance was high against ceftazidime (19.3%), ampicillin (13.1%), ciprofloxacin (11.6%) and gentamicin (10.8%), while in female samples it was significant against cefuroxime (6.9%), ampicillin (5.4%), tobramycin (4.6%) and ciprofloxacin (6.5%). Besides, males were sensitive against imepenem (25.8%), amikacin (22%), ceftazidime (19.3%), ciprofloxacin (19.3%) and piptaz (16.2%), while females were sensitive against amikacin (9.2%), imepenem (9.2%) and ciprofloxacin (6.9%). Overall, carbepenems, imipenem (35%) and meropenem (30.8%), were found highly sensitive followed by aminoglycosides (amikacin; 31.9%), quinolones (ciprofloxacin; 26.3%), piptaz (19.2%) among penicillin and cephalosporin, while resistant was maximum against cephalosporin (ceftazidime; 25.4%) followed by penicillin (ampicillin, 18.5%) and quinolones.Conclusion These data suggested that P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella , were the most frequent bacterial isolates in URTIs of Lahore, Pakistan. These isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime and ceftazidime, but were sensitive to carbapenem and aminoglycoside class of antibiotics. Thus, health care professionals, policy makers and drug regulators must devise policies to overcome the menace of growing antimicrobial resistance.

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