scholarly journals Chronic Candida infection, bronchiectasis, immunoglobulin abnormalities, and stunting: a case report of a natural mutation of STAT1 (c.986C>G) in an adolescent male

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Yu ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Jiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Natural Mutation

Abstract Background Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is the most common clinical symptom of singer transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease that is characterized by permanent bronchiectasis, causing cough, expectoration, and even haemoptysis. The underlying pathogeny is not yet clear. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is derived from memory B cells and correlates with immune-related diseases. STAT1 is closely associated with signal transmission and immune regulation. Case presentation We report a 17-year-old male patient carrying a GOF mutation in STAT1. The variant led to CMC, bronchiectasis, and elevated serum IgA levels, as well as stunting. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a c.986C>G (p.P329R) heterozygous mutation in the STAT1 gene. Conclusion Further Sanger sequencing analysis of STAT1 in the patient and his parents showed that the patient harboured a de novo mutation.

scholarly journals Whole-exome sequencing with targeted analysis and epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Numis ◽  
Gilberto da Gente ◽  
Elliott H. Sherr ◽  
Hannah C. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Epilepsy Gene

Abstract Background The contribution of pathogenic gene variants with development of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures is not known. Methods Case–control study of 20 trios in children with a history of acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: 10 with and 10 without post-neonatal epilepsy. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identified pathogenic de novo, transmitted, and non-transmitted variants from established and candidate epilepsy association genes and correlated prevalence of these variants with epilepsy outcomes. We performed a sensitivity analysis with genes associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We analyzed variants throughout the exome to evaluate for differential enrichment of functional properties using exploratory KEGG searches. Results Querying 200 established and candidate epilepsy genes, pathogenic variants were identified in 5 children with post-neonatal epilepsy yet in only 1 child without subsequent epilepsy. There was no difference in the number of trios with non-transmitted pathogenic variants in epilepsy or CAD genes. An exploratory KEGG analysis demonstrated a relative enrichment in cell death pathways in children without subsequent epilepsy. Conclusions In this pilot study, children with epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures had a higher prevalence of coding variants with a targeted epilepsy gene sequencing analysis compared to those patients without subsequent epilepsy. Impact We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 20 trios, including 10 children with epilepsy and 10 without epilepsy, both after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures. Children with post-neonatal epilepsy had a higher burden of pathogenic variants in epilepsy-associated genes compared to those without post-neonatal epilepsy. Future studies evaluating this association may lead to a better understanding of the risk of epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures and elucidate molecular pathways that are dysregulated after brain injury and implicated in epileptogenesis.

scholarly journals A de novo variant in CASK gene causing intellectual disability and brain hypoplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Nie ◽  
Yu Mu ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
De Novo Variant

Abstract Background：The pathogenic variation of CASK gene can cause CASK related mental disorders. The main clinical manifestations are microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, X-linked mental disorders with or without nystagmus and FG syndrome. The main pathogenic mechanism is the loss of function of related protein caused by mutation. We reported a Chinese male newborn with a de novo variant in CASK gene. Case presentation：We present an 18-day-old baby with intellectual disability and brain hypoplasia. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, which detected a hemizygous missense mutation c.764G>A of CASK gene. The mutation changed the 255th amino acid from Arg to His. Software based bioinformatics analyses were conducted to infer its functional effect.Conclusions：In this paper, a de novo mutation of CASK gene was reported. Moreover, a detailed description of all the cases described in the literature is reported.CASK mutations cause a variety of clinical phenotypes. Its diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of typical clinical symptoms. Genetic testing should be performed as early as possible if this disease is suspected. This case provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of future cases.

scholarly journals Early diagnosis of a newborn with tuberous sclerosis caused by a genetic mutation

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110358
Author(s):  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Dongmei Yue
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Tsc1 Gene

Objective Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder, often detected during childhood. We present the results of genetic testing in a newborn with suspected TSC. Methods A newborn with no specific clinical manifestations of TSC showed evidence of TSC on magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene exons were carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Results The results of MLPA were negative, but NGS showed a heterozygous mutation in the TSC1 gene comprising insertion of a T residue at c.2165 (exon 17) to c.2166 (exon 17), indicating a loss of function mutation. These results were verified by Sanger sequencing. This genetic change was present in the newborn but the parental genotypes were wild-type, indicating a de novo mutation. Conclusions In this case, a case of TSC caused by a heterozygous mutation in the TSC1 gene was confirmed by NGS sequencing. This indicates the suitability of genetic testing for the early diagnosis of clinically rare and difficult-to-diagnose diseases, to guide clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Leukoencephalopathia, demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and dural ectasia explained by a not formerly described de novo mutation in the SAMD9L gene, ends 27 years of investigations – A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunström ◽  
Markus Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Dural Ectasia ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Multiple Cysts

Abstract Background: Missense mutations in SAMD9L gene is associated with ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC), OMIM#159550. Common clinical features in these patients include neurological and hematological symptoms. The phenotype and age of onset is variable. Case Presentation: In this case report whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a not previously reported de novo variant c.2686T>G, p.(Phe896Val) in SAMD9L in a patient with widespread findings of slow developing pathology in the peripheral and central nervous system. The clinical picture was dominated by neurological symptoms, unlike previously described cases, and in addition dural ectasias and multiple cysts in the brain was observed using magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This case underscores the effect of variable expressivity, i.e. different mutations in the same gene can cause different phenotypes. Keywords: Leukoencephalopathia, demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, dural ectasia explained, de novo mutation, the SAMD9L gene.

Whole Exome Analysis of Relapsing Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2892-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile Bally ◽  
Jacqueline Lehmann-Che ◽  
Bruno Cassinat ◽  
Lionel Ades ◽  
Eric Letouze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Whole Exome

Abstract Background : APL is, in the vast majority of cases, driven by t(15 ;17) translocation, which leads to PML/RARA rearrangement. Remarkably, APL is an uncommon genetically simple disease and only few additional alterations, cooperating with PML/RAR, have been described at diagnostic (Welch et al, Cell 2012). Most APL can be cured with targeted therapy combining all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy (CT). However, genetic mechanisms underlying the 10-15% relapses observed with this regimen remain unclear. The goal of the present study was to identify mutations that cooperate with PML/RAR and those responsible for acquired resistance to ATRA-CT treatment in APL patients by whole-exome sequencing of diagnostic/ remission/relapse trios. Methods: Newly diagnosed APL patients included in clinical trials of the French Swiss Belgian APL group between 1994 and 2008, treated with ATRA-CT, before the introduction of first-line ATO, who experienced at least one relapse and had adequate material, were studied. We collected retrospectively 64 samples from 23 patients, including 23 diagnostic samples, 18 at first complete remission (CR) and 23 at relapse (22 first relapse and 1 second relapse). Whole exome-sequencing was performed on all samples. DNA libraries were prepared with the SureSelect human v5 kit (Agilent) and sequenced on Hiseq1000 (Illumina). The bioinformatic analysis was performed by GECO/integragen using CASAVA variant calling (Illumina) and dedicated pipeline. 18 trios and 5 duos passed the stringent quality control and were analyzed for somatic variants and copy number variations (CNV). Results : After elimination of polymorphisms, the median number of somatic variants corresponding to de novo mutation at diagnosis was 14, while only 3 new somatic variants appeared at relapse (figure 1). Notably, we failed to detect oncogene alterations other than PML/RARA in 7/23 (30%) patients. At diagnostic, 39% of patients (9/23) presented the common FLT3 alterations and at relapse 22% (5/23) of patients presented the known RARA mutations. Moreover, recurrent alterations were observed in activators of the MAPK signaling (22%): NRAS (2 patients), BRAF (1 patient), KRAS (1 patient), SPRY1 (1 patient). Mutations in the NT5C2 gene (3 patients), coding a 5'nucleotidase implicated in resistance to nucleoside-analog therapy, were solely observed at relapse, as in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Abnormalities of epigenetic regulators were also detected at diagnostic and/or relapse: WT1 (7 patients, 30%), NSD1 (2 patients), TET2 (1 patient), ASXL1 (1 patient) and MED12 (2 patients). Homozygote WT1 inactivation by mutation plus neutral copy LOH occurred in 3 patients at relapse. The genetic markers identified allowed us to construct several evolution models. In 8 patients (35%), the diagnostic and relapse clones were clearly distinct, supporting the fact that they independently derived from pre-leukemic cells that survived ATRA/chemotherapy. In contrast, other relapses appeared to derive from the diagnostic clone. Conclusion: Our data highlight the genetic simplicity of APL with very few alterations detected and 30% patients without identified mutations in addition to PML/RARa. Our results support the existence of two prototypic mechanisms of relapse: re-emergence of a new APL from persisting pre-leukemic cells and relapse from APLs often expressing strong oncogenes at diagnosis, impeding therapy response and favoring the acquisition of resistance mutations at relapse, including PML/RARA or NT5C2. It will be interesting to assess the prevalence of those two mechanisms in the exceptional cases of relapse in patients treated with more recent frontline regimens that combine ATRA and arsenic in APL. Disclosures Ades: Celgene, Takeda, Novartis, Astex: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Fenaux:Celgene, Janssen,Novartis, Astex, Teva: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Cleft Palate as Distinguishing Feature in a Patient with GABRB3 Epileptic Encephalopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Daniel Bamborschke ◽  
Matthias Pergande ◽  
Hülya Sevcan Daimagüler ◽  
Elisabeth Mangold ◽  
Jörg Dötsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Neonatal Onset ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Mutations in GABAA-receptor subunit genes are associated with a heterogeneous spectrum of epilepsies. Patients with epilepsy caused by mutations in a specific GABAA-receptor (GABRA3) occasionally present with orofacial dysmorphism (e.g., cleft palates). While cleft palates have been described in Gabrb3 knockout mice and in humans with GABRB3 variants without epilepsy, the specific combination of epilepsy and cleft palate in humans with GABRB3 mutations has not yet been reported.We describe a patient with epileptic encephalopathy (EE) who presented with therapy-refractory neonatal-onset myoclonic seizures and severe developmental delay. Electroencephalogram showed burst suppression pattern at neonatal age and hypsarrhythmia at infantile age. Initial magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. As he additionally presented with a cleft palate, we were curious whether cleft palate and EE had the same genetic origin. Whole exome sequencing of the index patient revealed a novel pathogenic heterozygous de novo mutation in GABRB3 (c.899T > C; p.I300T). In consistency with Gabrb3 knockout mice data, this is the first report of cleft palate in a patient with GABRB3 associated EE.We suggest to add cleft palate to the phenotypic GABRB3 spectrum and to screen for mutations in GABAA-receptors in patients with EE and orofacial dysmorphism.

scholarly journals Whole-exome sequencing identifies de novo mutation in the COL1A1 gene to underlie the severe osteogenesis imperfecta

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katre Maasalu ◽  
Tiit Nikopensius ◽  
Sulev Kõks ◽  
Margit Nõukas ◽  
Mart Kals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Col1a1 Gene ◽  
Whole Exome

Identification and characterization of a novel de novo mutation (L346V) in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene in a family with generalized thyroid hormone resistance

1997 ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Macchia ◽  
M Gurnell ◽  
M Agostini ◽  
G Giorgilli ◽  
C Marcocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Beta Gene ◽  
Receptor Beta

We have investigated an Italian family with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), consisting of two individuals with elevated serum thyroid hormones (TH) and a non-suppressed TSH, together with unaffected family members, for a mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (hTR beta). We have identified a single nucleotide substitution (1321 CTT to GTT) corresponding to a leucine to valine substitution at codon 346 (L346V) in the predicted protein. The index case and her affected child are heterozygous for the receptor defect, with normal sequence in unaffected family members. Furthermore, both parents of the index case were unaffected, suggesting that the mutation had arisen de novo. When expressed in vitro, the L346V mutant receptor showed a marked reduction in its affinity for tri-iodothyronine (T3), impaired ligand-dependent transactivation and potent dominant negative activity. Its functional impairment could not be alleviated, even at supraphysiological concentrations of T3, suggesting that the mutation might interfere with the intrinsic ligand-dependent transactivation function (AF-2) located in the hormone binding domain of hTR beta. Finally, the presence of the L346V mutation in the son of the propositus, who died from complications associated with congenital heart disease, raises the possibility that RTH might have contributed to the pathogenesis or severity of the latter.

scholarly journals Identification of a de novo mutation in KRT5 gene underlying epidermolysis bullosa simplex by whole exome sequencing in a Vietnamese patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Ma Thi Huyen Thuong ◽  
Dang Tien Truong ◽  
Nguyen Hai Ha ◽  
Nguyen Dang Ton
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Pathogenic Mutation ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Causative Mutation ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ◽  
Whole Exome

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and accounts for 75-85% EB cases. Most EBS patients are caused by mutations in KRT5 or KRT14, encoding for keratin 5 and keratin 14, respectively, which impair the structural entirety of paired intermediate filaments expressed in the fracture of basal keratinocytes and subsequent blistering of the epithelium. This study aimed to identify the causative mutation in a Vietnamese EB case. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the affected individual and revealed a de novo heterozygous pathogenic mutation in exon 7 of KRT5 gene, resulting in an amino acid change at position 477, with glutamic acid to lysine substitution (p.E477K). The KRT5 p.E477K was strong associated with the very severe or lethal of generalized severe EBS (GS-EBS), characterized by the severe symptoms at birth, improving with age and evolution to palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dysplasia. Our finding will aid the molecular diagnosis, prognosis prediction of the patient with GS-EBS due to p.E477K and significant genetic counselling the family concerning the recurrence risk for future pregnancies.

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