scholarly journals A PET imaging study of the brain changes of glucose metabolism in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Wen ◽  
Xin-Wen Guo ◽  
Xiang-Yi Cao ◽  
Ji-Wu Liao ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depression Group ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background This study aims to compare the difference of the brain changes of glucose metabolism between temporal lobe epilepsy patients (TLE) with major depressive disorder and temporal TLE without major depressive disorder. Methods A total of 24 TLE patients, who met the inclusion criteria of our hospital, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into a TLE with depression group (n = 11) and a TLE without depression group (n = 13), according to the results of the HAMD-24 Scale. Two groups patients were examined using 18F-FDG PET brain imaging. Results The low metabolic regions of the TLE with depression group were mainly found in the left frontal lobe, temporal lobe and fusiform gyrus, while the high metabolic regions of the TLE with depression group were mainly located in the right frontal lobe, visual joint cortex and superior posterior cingulate cortex. Both of the TLE groups had high metabolic compensation in the non-epileptic area during the interictal period. Conclusions There is an uptake difference of 18F-FDG between TLE patients with depression and TLE patients without depression in multiple encephalic regions.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity changes with rapid remission from moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Xiao ◽  
Brandon S. Bentzley ◽  
Eleanor J. Cole ◽  
Claudia Tischler ◽  
Katy H. Stimpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and debilitating, and development of improved treatments is limited by insufficient understanding of the neurological changes associated with disease remission. In turn, efforts to elucidate these changes have been challenging due to disease heterogeneity as well as limited effectiveness, delayed onset, and significant off-target effects of treatments. We developed a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) that in an open-label study was associated with remission from MDD in 90% of individuals in 1-5 days (Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy, SAINT). This provides a tool to begin exploring the functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with MDD remission. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before and after SAINT in 18 participants with moderate-to-severe, treatment-resistant MDD. FC was determined between regions of interest defined a priori by well-described roles in emotion regulation. Following SAINT, FC was significantly decreased between subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) and 3 of 4 default mode network (DMN) nodes. Significant reductions in FC were also observed between the following: DLPFC-striatum, DLPFC-amygdala, DMN-amygdala, DMN-striatum, and amygdala-striatum. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with larger decreases in FC between DLPFC-amygdala and DLPFC-insula, as well as smaller decreases in FC between sgACC-DMN. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with lower baseline FC between DMN-DLPFC, DMN-striatum, and DMN-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The multiple, significant reductions in FC we observed following SAINT and remission from depression support the hypothesis that MDD is a state of hyper-connectivity within these networks, and rapid decoupling of network nodes may lead to rapid remission from depression.Significance statementMajor depressive disorder is common and debilitating. It has been difficult to study the brain changes associated with recovery from depression, because treatments take weeks-to-months to become effective, and symptoms fail to resolve in many people. We recently developed a type of magnetic brain stimulation called SAINT. SAINT leads to full remission from depression in 90% of people within 5 days. We used SAINT and functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine how the brain changes with rapid remission from depression. We found changes in areas of the brain associated with emotion regulation. This provides a significantly clearer picture of how the non-depressed brain differs from the depressed brain, which can be used to develop rapid and effective treatments for depression.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis: Possible association with major depressive disorder?

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Maria de Araújo Filho ◽  
Denise Poltronieri Martins ◽  
Angélica Marta Lopes ◽  
Beatriz de Jesus Brait ◽  
Ana Eliza Romano Furlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depressive

Major depressive disorder and pharmacoresponse independently influence amygdalar T2 signal changes in temporal lobe epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 117871
Author(s):  
Marcelo Barbosa ◽  
Luciana Pimentel-Silva ◽  
Mateus Henrique Nogueira ◽  
Thiago Rezende ◽  
Clarissa Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Signal Changes

scholarly journals Major Depressive Disorder Associated With Reduced Cortical Thickness in Women With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Henrique Nogueira ◽  
Luciana Ramalho Pimentel da Silva ◽  
José Carlos Vasques Moreira ◽  
Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro de Rezende ◽  
Tamires Araújo Zanão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Major depressive disorder as a predictor of a worse seizure outcome one year after surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis

Seizure ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Maria de Araújo Filho ◽  
Francinaldo Lobato Gomes ◽  
Lenon Mazetto ◽  
Murilo Martinez Marinho ◽  
Igor Melo Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase 8A to discriminate in blood samples depressed patients and suicide attempters from healthy controls based on A-to-I RNA editing modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Salvetat ◽  
Fabrice Chimienti ◽  
Christopher Cayzac ◽  
Benjamin Dubuc ◽  
Francisco Checa-Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMental health issues, including major depressive disorder, which can lead to suicidal behavior, are considered by the World Health Organization as a major threat to global health. Alterations in neurotransmitter signaling, e.g., serotonin and glutamate, or inflammatory response have been linked to both MDD and suicide. Phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) gene expression is significantly decreased in the temporal cortex of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. PDE8A specifically hydrolyzes adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which is a key second messenger involved in inflammation, cognition, and chronic antidepressant treatment. Moreover, alterations of RNA editing in PDE8A mRNA has been described in the brain of depressed suicide decedents. Here, we investigated PDE8A A-to-I RNA editing-related modifications in whole blood of depressed patients and suicide attempters compared to age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. We report significant alterations of RNA editing of PDE8A in the blood of depressed patients and suicide attempters with major depression, for which the suicide attempt took place during the last month before sample collection. The reported RNA editing modifications in whole blood were similar to the changes observed in the brain of suicide decedents. Furthermore, analysis and combinations of different edited isoforms allowed us to discriminate between suicide attempters and control groups. Altogether, our results identify PDE8A as an immune response-related marker whose RNA editing modifications translate from brain to blood, suggesting that monitoring RNA editing in PDE8A in blood samples could help to evaluate depressive state and suicide risk.

Intrinsic gray-matter connectivity of the brain in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifeng Zhang ◽  
Meihui Qiu ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
David Mellor ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Investigating the convergent mechanisms between Major Depressive Disorder and Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A Tran ◽  
Myra De Smet ◽  
Gary D. Grant ◽  
Tien K. Khoo ◽  
Dean L Pountney
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Glial Cell Activation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than cognition, having a temporal relationship with neuroinflammatory pathways of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although this association is supported by epidemiological and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Microglia and astrocytes play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of both MDD and PD. In PD, these cells can be activated by misfolded forms of the protein α-synuclein to release cytokines that can interact with multiple different physiological processes to produce depressive symptoms, including monoamine transport and availability, the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, and neurogenesis. In MDD, glial cell activation can be induced by peripheral inflammatory agents that cross the blood brain barrier and/or c-Fos signaling from neurons. The resulting neuroinflammation can cause neurodegeneration due to oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity, contributing to PD pathology. Astrocytes are another major link due to their recognised role in the glymphatic clearance mechanism. Research suggesting that MDD causes astrocytic destruction or structural atrophy highlight the possibility that accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain is facilitated as the brain cannot adequately clear the protein aggregates. This review examines research into the overlapping pathophysiology of MDD and PD with particular focus on the roles of glial cells and neuroinflammation.

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