scholarly journals Global patterns and trends in ovarian cancer incidence: age, period and birth cohort analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanting Zhang ◽  
Ganfeng Luo ◽  
Mengjie Li ◽  
Pi Guo ◽  
Yuejiao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide and the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. We aimed to explore global geographical patterns and temporal trends from 1973 to 2015 for 41 countries in OC incidence and especially to analyse the birth cohort effect to gain further insight into the underlying causal factors of OC and identify countries with increasing risk of OC. Methods OC data were drawn from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases and online databases published by governments. The joinpoint regression model was applied to detect changes in OC trends. The age–period–cohort model was applied to explore age and birth cohort effects. Results The age-standardized rate of OC incidence ranged from 3.0 to 11.4 per 100,000 women worldwide in 2012. The highest age-standardized rate was observed in Central and Eastern Europe, with 11.4 per 100,000 women in 2012. For the most recent 10-year period, the increasing trends were mainly observed in Central and South America, Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. The largest significant increase was observed in Brazil, with an average annual percentage change of 4.4%. For recent birth cohorts, cohort-specific increases in risk were pronounced in Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, India, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. Conclusions Disparities in the incidence and risk of OC persist worldwide. The increased risk of birth cohort in OC incidence was observed for most countries in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central and South America. The reason for the increasing OC risk for recent birth cohorts in these countries should be investigated with further epidemiology studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of three lifestyle factors among Australian adults from 2004 to 2018: an age–period–cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Peng ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background It has been reported that current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity are significant modifiable risk factors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors among Australian adults are still unclear. Methods Our study analysed data from 2004 to 2005, 2007 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, 2014 to 2015 and 2017 to 2018 National Health Survey. We employed the age–period–cohort models to analyze the individual effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity among Australian adults. Results A total of 76 489 adults were included. Age, period and cohort all showed significant independent effects on prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (P < 0.01) except the cohort effect on physical inactivity in females (P = 0.31). The prevalence of current smoking decreased with age and period, and it first increased with birth cohort and then declined. For overweight/obesity prevalence, it increased with age until early-60s and then dropped. We found a positive period effect on overweight/obesity; however, the prevalence of overweight/obesity experienced several shifts with birth cohort. Physical activity prevalence raised with age, and it has several fluctuations for curves of period and cohort. Conclusion Age effects showed a distinct pattern for the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise during the study period. The raised physical inactivity prevalence in recent study cycles is also concerning. Recent birth cohorts may be at increased risk of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Cohort analysis of the state of female genital cutting in Nigeria: prevalence, daughter circumcision and attitude towards its discontinuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde M. Gbadebo ◽  
Adetokunbo T. Salawu ◽  
Rotimi F. Afolabi ◽  
Mobolaji M. Salawu ◽  
Adeniyi F. Fagbamigbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital cutting (FGC) inflicts life-long injuries on women and their female children. It constitutes a violation of women’s fundamental human rights and threats to bodily integrity. Though decreasing, the practice is high and widespread in Nigeria despite efforts towards its eradication. This study was conducted to perform cohort analysis of the state of FGC between the years 2009 and 2018 in Nigeria. Results The study found that that FGC has reduced over the years from 56.3% among the 1959–1963 birth cohort to 25.5% among 1994–1998 cohorts but a rise in FGC between 1994–1998 cohorts and 1999–2003 cohorts (28.4%). The percentage of respondents who circumcised their daughters reduced from 40.1% among the oldest birth cohort to 3.6% among the younger cohort. Birth-cohort, religion, education, residence, region, and ethnicity were associated with FGC. Factors associated with the daughter’s circumcision were birth-cohort, religion, residence, region, ethnicity, wealth, marital status, FGC status of the respondent, and FGC required by religion. Similar factors were found for discontinuation intention. Conclusions The practice of FGC is still high but decreasing among younger birth-cohorts in Nigeria. There is no significant change in the perception of the discontinuation of FGC. More awareness about the adverse effects of FGC, particularly among women with poor education in Nigeria will greatly reduce this cultural menace’s timely eradication.

scholarly journals The influence of birth cohort and calendar period on global trends in ovarian cancer incidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Citadel J. Cabasag ◽  
Melina Arnold ◽  
John Butler ◽  
Manami Inoue ◽  
Britton Trabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Global Trends

Treatment Patterns, Health Care Utilization, and Costs of Ovarian Cancer in Central and Eastern Europe Using a Delphi Panel Based on a Retrospective Chart Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Kim ◽  
Emma Hernlund ◽  
Zoltán Hernadi ◽  
János Révész ◽  
Imre Pete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Delphi Panel

ObjectiveDespite the considerable disease burden of ovarian cancer, there were no cost studies in Central and Eastern Europe. This study aimed to describe treatment patterns, health care utilization, and costs associated with treating ovarian cancer in Hungary, Poland, Serbia, and Slovakia.MethodOverall clinical practice for management of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated through a 3-round Delphi panel. Experts completed a survey based on the chart review (n = 1542). The survey was developed based on clinical guidelines and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Annual Report. Means, ranges, and outlier values were discussed with the experts during a telephone interview. Finally, consensus estimates were obtained in face-to-face workshops. Based on these results, overall cost of ovarian cancer was estimated using a Markov model.ResultsThe patients included in the chart review were followed up from presurgical diagnosis and in each phase of treatment, that is, surgical staging and primary surgery, chemotherapy and chemotherapy monitoring, follow-up, and palliative care. The 5-year overall cost per patient was €14,100 to €16,300 in Hungary, €14,600 to €15,800 in Poland, €7600 to €8100 in Serbia, and €12,400 to €14,500 in Slovakia. The main components were chemotherapy-associated costs (68%–74% of the total cost), followed by cost of primary treatment with surgery (15%–21%) and palliative care (3%–10%).ConclusionsPatients with ovarian cancer consume considerable health care resources and incur substantial costs in Central and Eastern Europe. These findings may prove useful for clinicians and decision makers in understanding the economic implications of managing ovarian cancer in Central and Eastern Europe and the need for innovative therapies.

A cohort analysis of illicit psychoactive drug use in Australia 1988-98

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Williams ◽  
Ian McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Psychoactive Drug ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Regression Techniques

AbstractObjective: To examine birth cohort trends in the prevalence, age of initiation and durability of the use of psycho-stimulant and psycho-depressant drugs in Australia between 1988 and 1998.Method: Nine synthetic birth cohorts were constructed from a pooled dataset of the three National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (1988, 1993, 1998). The design-effect adjusted weighted lifetime and recent prevalence, age of initiation and durability of use, of three popular psycho-stimulants (amphetamine, cocaine and ecstasy) and three popular psycho-depressants (cannabis, heroin and inhalants) were estimated. Significance tests of difference use chi-square statistics and the sociodemographic predictors of trends were tested using logistic regression techniques.Results: Lifetime and recent prevalence and durability of use increased and ages of initiation decreased, with each successive cohort. Psycho-stimulants were predictors for psycho-depressant use and vice versa. Being male, aged under 35 years, Australian born, employed or in fulltime education, and a tobacco smoker were significant predictors of increased risk of using both classes of drugs. Being married or having no post-secondary education qualifications were significant predictors of lower risk of using either class of drugs.Conclusions: Younger cohorts are more likely to use both classes of psychoactive drugs, to have commenced using the drugs earlier and to have maintained their drug habits longer, compared to older cohorts. While increased availability is an important factor in the likelihood of exposure to illicit drugs, interventions implemented since the National Drug Strategy began in 1985 do not appear to have reduced the probability that young people will initiate and maintain illicit psychoactive drug use, exposing them to associated health and legal consequences.

scholarly journals Global patterns and trends in stomach cancer incidence: Age, period and birth cohort analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganfeng Luo ◽  
Yanting Zhang ◽  
Pi Guo ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yuanwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

Comparing cohort incidence of schizophrenia with that of bipolar disorder and affective psychosis in individuals born in Stockholm County 1955–1967

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 3433-3439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Söderlund ◽  
S. Wicks ◽  
L. Jörgensen ◽  
C. Dalman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Incident Cases

Background.Perinatal factors are associated with increased risk for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Improvements in obstetric and maternal healthcare and positive socioeconomic development in Sweden from the 1950s onwards could be expected to affect incidence estimates. However, commonly incidence rates are calculated during a specific year, i.e. time of diagnosis, which mirrors proximal precipitating risk factors. To examine whether incidence estimates are compatible with the hypothesis of an impact of perinatal exposures on the risk of the different disorders we here instead calculate incidence rates for consecutive birth cohorts born between 1955 and 1967. We hypothesized that schizophrenia incidence would be more affected compared to bipolar disorder and other affective psychoses since most perinatal risk factors are more pronounced in schizophrenia aetiology.Method.Birth cohorts of individuals born in Sweden and resident in Stockholm (N = 2 16 322), were followed in The National Patient Register regarding incident inpatient episodes Incident cases/10 000 person-years and birth cohort were calculated. Linear regression was used to estimate change in incidence rate.Results.We found stable birth cohort-based incidence estimates for bipolar disorder and other affective psychoses, but a continuous reduction in incidence estimates for schizophrenia as well as other non-affective psychoses in subsequent birth cohorts from 1955 to 1967.Conclusions.The consecutive birth cohort-based incidence estimates unveiled patterns that are compatible with the hypothesis of an impact of early life exposures decreasing over time, in the aetiology of schizophrenia, whereas this pattern is less apparent in affective psychoses..

scholarly journals Mortality with congenital heart defects in England and Wales, 1959–2009: exploring technological change through period and birth cohort analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Knowles ◽  
Catherine Bull ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
Carol Dezateux
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
England And Wales

BackgroundTechnological advances in surgery, intensive care and medical support have led to substantial decrease in mortality for children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) over the last 50 years.MethodsUsing routinely-collected mortality and population data for England and Wales from 1959 to 2009, the authors investigated age, period and birth cohort trends in child mortality attributable to CHDs.ResultsThe total number of deaths with CHDs at all ages between 1959 and 2009 was 61 903 (33 929 (55%) males). Absolute numbers of CHD-related deaths in children (under age 15 years) fell from 1460 in 1959 to 154 in 2009. Infants (aged under 1 year) comprised over 60% of all deaths due to CHD during the 5-year period 1959–1963, but this fell to 22% by 2004–2008. Age-standardised death rates have declined for both sexes but, despite narrowing sex differences, males continue to have higher death rates. Successive birth cohorts have experienced improved death rates in the first year of life; however, declining mortality across all age-groups has only been observed for birth cohorts originating after 1989. Poisson regression modelling predicts continuing generational decline in mortality.ConclusionsDeath rates attributable to CHDs have fallen dramatically with advances in paediatric cardiac surgery and intensive care, largely due to decreased mortality in infants aged under 1 year. Initially, mortality in later childhood rose as infant deaths fell, suggesting death was delayed beyond infancy. Children born within the last 20 years experienced lower mortality throughout childhood.

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