scholarly journals Contributions of childhood peer victimization and/or maltreatment to young adult anxiety, depression, and suicidality: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Macalli ◽  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Sylvana M. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
Parental Maltreatment

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment and peer victimization are major risk factors for depression and suicidal behavior. Furthermore, childhood maltreatment increases the risk of peer victimization. Our objective was to distinguish between the contributions of parental maltreatment and peer victimization to the development of mental health problems in young adulthood. Specifically, we tested whether peer victimization alone or in combination with parental maltreatment before 18 years old was associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors at age 21 years. Methods We analyzed data collected from questionnaires administered in the i-Share (Internet-based Students’ Health ResearchEnterprise) study in France from February 2013 to September 2019 (N = 2271 participants). We performed multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses to assess the single and combined contributions of childhood peer victimization and parental maltreatment to anxiety, depression, and suicidality in adulthood. Results Nearly one third of students (28.8%) reported at least one mental health problem; 29.8% reported peer victimization alone; 7.5% reported parental maltreatment alone; and 10.3% reported both parental maltreatment and victimization. In multivariate models, compared to participants that did not experience maltreatment or peer victimization, those that experienced peer victimization alone were more likely to report anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.50–2.40), depression (aOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.46–2.60), or suicidal ideation, without (aOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26–2.09) or with a suicide attempt (aOR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.51–4.85). Similar associations were observed for participants that experienced maltreatment alone. Participants that experienced both maltreatment and peer victimization were at increased risk of depression (aOR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.79–3.86) and suicidal ideation, with (aOR: 9.19; 95% CI: 4.98–16.92) and without a suicide attempt (aOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.86–3.76). Conclusions Separate and combined exposures to parental maltreatment and peer victimization in childhood or adolescence were associated with increased risks of anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. Peer victimization appeared to play a specific role in mental health disorders that were not otherwise explained by polyvictimization. Currently, peer victimization is a frequent, but avoidable type of child abuse; therefore, these findings have implications for policies for preventing and dealing with peer victimization.

scholarly journals Unique and Combined Contribution of Peer Victimization and Maltreatment in Childhood to Young Adults’ Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Macalli ◽  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Sylvana M. Côté
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
Parental Maltreatment

Abstract BackgroundChild maltreatment and peer victimization are known to be major risk factors for depression and suicidal behavior. Furthermore, child maltreatment increases the risk for victimization by peers. Our objective was to distinguish the contribution of maltreatment by parents and peer victimization to mental health problems in young adulthood. Specifically, we tested whether peer victimization alone or in combination with parental maltreatment before 18 years was associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors at age 21 years.MethodsWe used data collected in the i-Share (internet-based students’ health research enterprise) study in France from February 2013 to September 2019 (N = 2271 participants). We conducted multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses to assess the unique and cumulative contribution of peer victimization and parental maltreatment with anxiety, depression, and suicidality. ResultsAlmost one third of students (28.8%) reported at least one mental health problem; 29.8% reported peer victimization only; 7.5% reported parental maltreatment only; and 10.3% reported both maltreatment and victimization. In multivariate models, compared to participants who did not experience maltreatment or peer victimization, those who experienced peer victimization only were more likely to present anxiety (aOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.50-2.40), depression (aOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.46-2.60), or suicidal ideation without (aOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26-2.09) and with attempt (aOR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.51-4.85). Similar associations were observed for those who were maltreated only. Those experiencing both maltreatment and peer victimization were at increased risk for depression (aOR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.79-3.86) and for suicidal ideation with (aOR: 9.19; 95% CI: 4.98-16.92) and without attempt (aOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.86-3.76).ConclusionsIndividual and combined exposure to parental maltreatment and peer victimization in childhood or adolescence was associated with increased risk for anxiety, depression and suicidal behaviors. Peer victimization seems to have a specific role on mental health disorders not otherwise explained by polyvictimization. Since peer victimization is a frequent and evitable child abuse type, the findings have implications for policies to prevent and deal with.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Ng ◽  
Catherine M. Kirk ◽  
Frederick Kanyanganzi ◽  
Mary C. Smith Fawzi ◽  
Vincent Sezibera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death for young people. Children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV rates are disproportionately high, may be at increased risk.AimsTo identify predictors, including HIV status, of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children aged 10–17.MethodMatched case–control study of 683 HIV-positive, HIV-affected (seronegative children with an HIV-positive caregiver), and unaffected children and their caregivers.ResultsOver 20% of HIV-positive and affected children engaged in suicidal behaviour in the previous 6 months, compared with 13% of unaffected children. Children were at increased risk if they met criteria for depression, were at high-risk for conduct disorder, reported poor parenting or had caregivers with mental health problems.ConclusionsPolicies and programmes that address mental health concerns and support positive parenting may prevent suicidal ideation and behaviour in children at increased risk related to HIV.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Problems Among Caregivers of People Living With Neurocognitive Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxuan Li ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wanxin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems among caregivers of persons living with neurocognitive disorders (PLWND) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and investigate whether the COVID-19-related experiences were associated with the presence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems.Methods: From March 1 to 31, 2020, 160 caregivers of PLWND participated in an online cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was administered to measure anxiety symptoms, and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Questions on sleep duration and sleep quality enquired about sleep problems. Six items were used to explore the COVID-19-related experiences, including community-level infection contact and the level of exposure to media information. We computed the prevalence rate of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with these mental health problems.Results: The prevalence rate of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems were 46.9%, 36.3%, and 9.4%. Approximately 55 participants (34.4%) presented with two or more mental health problems. Women had a higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.284; 95% CI, 2.068–13.503; p = 0.001). Having a mental disorder (OR, 5.104; 95% CI, 1.522–17.114; p = 0.008) was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Caregivers who preferred to access positive information (OR, 0.215; 95% CI, 0.058–0.793; p = 0.021) was associated with decreased risk of sleep problems.Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were common among caregivers of older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being female was an independent risk factor for experiencing anxiety symptoms. Preexisting mental disorders increased the risk of depressive symptoms among caregivers, while caregivers who prefer to access positive media information decreased sleep problems.

scholarly journals Sexual violence and suicidal ideation among French adults, a mediation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F El-Khoury ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Sexual violence against women is endemic and is linked with a host of mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. We test whether sexual violence is more prevalent and have more damaging psychological effects among women compared to men, and quantify its mediating role in the association between sex and suicidal ideation and behaviour. Methods We used data from the “Health Barometer” (Baromètre Santé) 2017 a cross-sectional phone survey, which recruited a nationally representative sample of French adults aged 18 to 75 years in 2017 (n = 25319). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. Outcomes included suicidal ideation, imagery of suicide, and suicide attempts in the preceding year. We conducted mutlivariable mediation analysis using the counterfactual approach to evaluate the contribution that lifetime sexual violence has in the association between sex and suicidal ideation and behaviour. Results We found that women are five times more likely to have experienced sexual victimisation, and are more at risk of any suicidal ideation and imagery of suicide in the preceding year compared to men. Women and men had comparable rates of suicide attempts in the preceding year. We estimated that 47% of the increased risk of suicidal ideation in the preceding year women have compared to men is mediated by lifetime sexual assault. Lifetime sexual assault also explained 39% of the association between sex and having imagery of suicide. Discussion Our findings reiterate the importance of the prevention of sexual violence and an adequate care for sexual assault victims, especially women, in public health and mental health policies and initiatives. Key messages Women are five times more likely to have experienced sexual victimisation compared to men, and are more likely to suffer from suicidal ideation in the preceding year. Experience of lifetime sexual violence contributes substantially (around 50%) to women’s increased likelihood of suicidal ideation compared to men.

scholarly journals Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Price ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Peter Allebeck
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundSome studies suggest that cannabis use is associated with suicidal ideation, but no detailed longitudinal study has examined suicide as an outcome.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use and completed suicide.MethodA longitudinal study investigated 50 087 men conscripted for Swedish military service, with cannabis use measured non-anonymously at conscription. Suicides during 33 years of follow-up were identified by linkage with the National Cause of Death Register.ResultsThere were 600 (1.2% of cohort) suicides or deaths from undetermined causes. Cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of suicide (crude OR for ‘ever use’ 1.62, 95% CI 1.28–2.07), but this association was eliminated after adjustment for confounding (adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.20).ConclusionsAlthough there was a strong association between cannabis use and suicide, this was explained by markers of psychological and behavioural problems. These results suggest that cannabis use is unlikely to have a strong effect on risk of completed suicide, either directly or as a consequence of mental health problems secondary to its use.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment: Brief Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Amanda Plácido da Silva Macêdo ◽  
Monnic Maria Lóssio Rocha Maia ◽  
Izadora De Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thânia Maria Rodrigues Figueiredo ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk

Child maltreatment has serious consequences, including increasing an individual's risk of physical and mental health problems across their life course. Objective: Here we show that there  is an important public health message to focus, not only on approaches that prevent or detect childhood maltreatment, but also to explore methods of prevention and detection of mental ill health. Results: The study Childhood maltreatment and adult suicidality: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis (2019) showed that all different types of childhood maltreatment including sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.76–3.64], physical abuse (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09–3.04) and emotional abuse (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.64–3.77) were associated with two- to three-fold increased risk for suicide attempts. Conclusion: It is important to highlight emotional violence may actually be more powerful than physical and sexual abuse in its impact on adolescent suicide behaviors in low- and middle-income countries. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Mental Health; Prevention.

A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sewall ◽  
Jeffrey M. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

ABSTRACTBackground: Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between-person differences--reflecting the average relationship quality across time--and within-person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N=413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e. average) and varying (i.e. recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex. Results: Poorer average relationship quality with parents (β= -0.33, 95% Bayesian Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-0.54, -0.11]) or friends (β= -0.33, 95% HDI [-0.55, -0.11]) were longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β= -0.10, 95% HDI [-0.19, -0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β= -0.06, 95% HDI [-0.15, 0.03]), were also longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents may also be associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β= -0.13, 95% HDI [-0.29, 0.03]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age. Conclusions: Among youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents that is may be a time-sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.

scholarly journals Retired National Football League Players are Not at Greater Risk for Suicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant L Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Abstract Objective Some researchers have claimed that former National Football League (NFL) players are at increased risk for suicide as a clinical feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This review examines the literature on risk for suicide in former professional football players, and the association between suicide and CTE. Method A narrative review of the literature published between 1928 and 2018. Results Between 1928 and 2009, suicide was not considered to be a clinical feature of CTE in the literature. The best available evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that former NFL football players are at lesser risk for suicide, not greater risk, compared to men in the general population. However, surveys have revealed that a substantial minority of former NFL players have depression and other mental health problems, chronic pain and opioid use is relatively common, and those with depression and chronic pain also have greater life stress and financial difficulties. That minority would be at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Conclusions Researchers and clinicians are encouraged to be cautious and circumspect when considering the clinical presentation of former athletes, and to not assume that depression and suicidality are caused by specific types of neuropathology. This represents a reductionistic and Procrustean view. Some former football players have mental health problems, but it should not be assumed uncritically that the underlying cause is an inexorably progressive neurodegenerative disease. Providing evidence-informed and evidence-supported treatments for depression and suicidality might reduce suffering and improve their functioning.

The association between economic inactivity and mental health among young people: a longitudinal study of young adults who are not in employment, education or training

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Power ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
I. Kelleher ◽  
H. Coughlan ◽  
F. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesIncreasing rates of young people not in education, employment or training (NEETs) are a cause of concern both in Ireland and internationally, but little longitudinal research has examined the link between psychiatric disorder in young people and NEET status.MethodsThe Challenging Times (CT) Study is a longitudinal, population-based study of psychopathology among 212 young Irish people. Clinical interviews were performed at two time points: 12–15 years and 19–24 years.ResultsNEET status in young adulthood was associated with a sevenfold increased risk of current suicidal ideation. This result was independent of prior adolescent mental disorder. NEET young people had a fourfold increased odds of being diagnosed with a mental disorder in childhood or early adolescence compared with their economically active peers. NEET young people were at an almost threefold increased risk of any mental health disorder a twofold increased risk of anxiety disorder and threefold increased odds of suicide attempts over their lifetime compared with economically active peers.ConclusionsNEET young people are at increased risk for mental disorder and suicidal ideation. The association is bidirectional, as prior mental disorder in adolescence appeared to account for much of the association between NEET status and current mental health problems. However, economic inactivity conveys an increased risk for suicidal ideation over and above that due to prior disorder. Our findings provide a compelling economic and societal argument for early intervention and treatment of mental disorder and the importance of vocational interventions for reducing suicide risk in young adults.

scholarly journals The effect of Sexual violence on women’s suicide risk. A mediation analysis based on the nationally-representative 2017 French Health Barometer survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F El-Khoury ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives The experience of sexual violence has been associated with a host of mental health problems, especially among women. However, data on this association from a large sample of general population is surprisingly limited. Also, no study quantifies sex-differences in the effect of sexual victimization on suicide risk. Methods The French “Health Barometer” (Baromètre Santé) is a cross-sectional phone survey, which recruited a nationally representative sample of French adults aged 18 to 75 years in 2017 (n = 25319). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. The Experience and timing of lifetime physical sexual violence, as well as suicide risk were measured for all participants. We conducted adjusted mediation analyses, using the counterfactual approach, to evaluate the contribution that lifetime sexual victimisation has in the association between sex and suicide risk. Results The median age for the first experience of sexual violence was 12. Women were around five times more likely to report lifetime sexual violence compared to men (9.1% vs 1.9%), and were more at risk of any suicidal ideation (Ora =1.20 (95%CI: 1.07-1.36)) and suicidal imagery (Ora=1.39 (95%CI: 1.20 -1.61)). We estimated that 47% of the increased risk of suicidal ideation in the preceding year women have compared to men is mediated by lifetime sexual assault. Lifetime sexual assault also explained 39% of the association between sex and having imagery of suicide. Discussion Our findings reiterate the importance of the prevention of sexual violence and an adequate care for sexual assault victims, especially women, in public health and mental health policies and initiatives.

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