scholarly journals Prospective cohort study on the social determinants of health: Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees` cohort (TEC) study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Ramin Mehrdad ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Hamidreza Pouragha ◽  
Vali Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background In this study, the association between the social determinants of health (SDH) as well as other health risk factors and outcomes will be evaluated at different socioeconomic layers. Methods/design This is a prospective cohort study that was launched in January 2018 on Tehran University of Medical Sciences’ employees. The initial enrolment phase will continue up to March 2021, or until a sample size of 5500 is reached. In addition to annual phone-calls, the participants will be followed thrice at 5-year intervals. Data are collected through blood and urine samples, complete physical examination, anthropometric evaluation, and the completion of questionnaires related to SDH, such as socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle (including, nutrition, physical activity, cigarette and hookah smoking), occupational exposures (including psychosocial factors at work and work-family conflicts), and different aspects of physical, mental and occupational health as health outcomes. The association between independent variables and health (objective or subjective) are examined using multiple models and by controlling the confounding effects. Moreover, the trend in lifestyle changes and its impact on health are evaluated. Discussion Our study will explore the key social determinants as well as other factors including socioeconomic status and social capital, history of diseases, lifestyle and occupational exposures that affect health. This will provide social and occupational health decision-makers and stakeholders with new and valuable evidence in an era in which we are witnessing huge changes in lifestyle.

Can high workplace social capital buffer the negative effect of high workload on patient-initiated violence? Prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103971
Author(s):  
Pihl-Thingvad Jesper ◽  
Andersen Lars Peter Soenderbo ◽  
Pihl-Thingvad Signe ◽  
Elklit Ask ◽  
Brandt Lars Peter Andreas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Workplace Social Capital

scholarly journals The Studying the Components of Social Capital and its Relationship with the Social Happiness in Iranian Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Zadeh Foroughinia ◽  
Hakimeh Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Reza Pourmirza Kalhori ◽  
Neda Kianipour
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Almost All

The concept of social capital, due to its nature and content, is associated with almost all the issues in the human, social and health fields. On the other hand, the role of happiness and joy in mental health, physical health, and social inclusion are very important in the field of health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of social capital and its relation with social happiness of students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2017. This study is descriptive-correlational. The research population consisted of 450 students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2017who were selected by cluster sampling. Bullen& Onyx Standard Social Capital Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 software. In this research, social capital score was 3.17 ± 0.45 according to the students' score and the mean score of the social happiness was 3.68 ± 0.14. There was a positive and significant relationship between two variables of social capital and social happiness of students (r=0.423). Among the social capital fields, the variables of the value of life, trust, and security had the most and the least relationship with the overall social happiness. Social capital and its aspects have a direct and significant relationship with the social happiness; therefore, with increasing the social capital, the level of social happiness increases.  

scholarly journals Airway responsiveness to methacholine and incidence of COPD: an international prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Marcon ◽  
Francesca Locatelli ◽  
Dirk Keidel ◽  
Anna B Beckmeyer-Borowko ◽  
Isa Cerveri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundIt has been debated, but not yet established, whether increased airway responsiveness can predict COPD. Recognising this link may help in identifying subjects at risk.ObjectiveWe studied prospectively whether airway responsiveness is associated with the risk of developing COPD.MethodsWe pooled data from two multicentre cohort studies that collected data from three time points using similar methods (European Community Respiratory Health Survey and Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults). We classified subjects (median age 37 years, 1st–3rd quartiles: 29–44) by their level of airway responsiveness using quintiles of methacholine dose–response slope at the first examination (1991–1994). Then, we excluded subjects with airflow obstruction at the second examination (1999–2003) and analysed incidence of COPD (postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal) at the third examination (2010–2014) as a function of responsiveness, adjusting for sex, age, education, body mass index, history of asthma, smoking, occupational exposures and indicators of airway calibre.ResultsWe observed 108 new cases of COPD among 4205 subjects during a median time of 9 years. Compared with the least responsive group (incidence rate 0.6 per 1000/year), adjusted incidence rate ratios for COPD ranged from 1.79 (95% CI 0.52 to 6.13) to 8.91 (95% CI 3.67 to 21.66) for increasing airway responsiveness. Similar dose–response associations were observed between smokers and non-smokers, and stronger associations were found among subjects without a history of asthma or asthma-like symptoms.ConclusionsOur study suggests that increased airway responsiveness is an independent risk factor for COPD. Further research should clarify whether early treatment in patients with high responsiveness can slow down disease progression.

scholarly journals The SPARKLE registry: protocol for an international prospective cohort study in patients with alpha-mannosidosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hennermann ◽  
Nathalie Guffon ◽  
Federica Cattaneo ◽  
Ferdinando Ceravolo ◽  
Line Borgwardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by reduced enzymatic activity of alpha-mannosidase. SPARKLE is an alpha-mannosidosis registry intended to obtain long-term safety and effectiveness data on the use of velmanase alfa during routine clinical care in patients with alpha-mannosidosis. It is a post-approval commitment to European marketing authorization for Velmanase alfa (Lamzede®), the first enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of non-neurologic manifestations in patients with mild to moderate alpha-mannosidosis. In addition, SPARKLE will expand the current understanding of alpha-mannosidosis by collecting data on the clinical manifestations, progression, and natural history of the disease in treated and untreated patients, respectively.Results: The SPARKLE registry is designed as a multicenter, multinational, noninterventional, prospective cohort study of patients with alpha-mannosidosis, starting patient enrollment in 2020. Patients will be followed for up to 15 years. Safety and effectiveness as post-authorization outcomes under routine clinical care in patients with treatment will be evaluated. The primary safety outcomes are the rate of adverse events (anti-velmanase alfa-immunoglobulin G antibody development, infusion-related reactions, and hypersensitivity). Secondary safety outcomes include the evaluation of medical events, change in vital signs, laboratory tests, physical examination, and electrocardiogram results. The primary effectiveness outcome is a global treatment response rate, evaluated as the individual aggregate of single endpoints from pharmacodynamic, functional, and quality of life effectiveness outcomes; secondary effectiveness outcomes are to characterize the population of patients with alpha-mannosidosis with regard to clinical manifestation, progression, and natural history of the disease. Any patient in the European Union with a diagnosis of alpha-mannosidosis who is willing to participate will likely be eligible for inclusion in the registry. Publications to disseminate scientific insights from the registry are planned. Conclusion: This study will provide real-world data on the long-term safety and effectiveness of velmanase alfa in patients with alpha-mannosidosis during routine clinical care and increase the understanding of the natural course, clinical manifestations, and progression of this ultra-rare disease.

ASTHMA AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN E (IgE) ANTIBODIES AFTER RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) BRONCHIOLITIS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY WITH MATCHED CONTROLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
James E. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus

RSV bronchiolitis was the most important risk factor for the development of asthma and allergen-specific IgE, although a family history of atopy or asthma further increased the risk.

Electrocardiographic Findings of COVID-19 Patients and Their Correlation with Outcome; a Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Pishgahi ◽  
Mahmoud Yousefifard ◽  
Saeed Safari ◽  
Fatemeh Ghorbanpouryami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Axis Deviation ◽  
T Wave ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Being infected with COVID-19 is associated with direct and indirect effects on the cardiopulmonary system and electrocardiography can aid in management of patients through rapid and early identification of these adversities. Objective: The present study was designed aiming to evaluate electrocardiographic changes and their correlation with the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This Prospective cohort study was carried out on COVID-19 cases admitted to the emergency department of an educational hospital, during late February and March 2020. Electrocardiographic characteristics of patients and their association with in-hospital mortality were investigated. Results: One hundred and nineteen cases with the mean age of 60.52±13.45 (range: 29-89) years were studied (65.5% male). Dysrhythmia was detected in 22 (18.4%) cases. T-wave inversion (28.6%), pulmonale P-wave (19.3%), left axis deviation (19.3%), and ST-segment depression (16.8%) were among the most frequently detected electrocardiographic abnormalities, respectively. Twelve (10.1%) cases died. There was a significant correlation between in-hospital mortality and history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.007), quick SOFA score > 2 (p<0.0001), premature ventricular contraction (PVC) (p=0.003), left axis deviation (LAD) (p=0.039), pulmonale P-wave (p<0.001), biphasic P-wave (p<0.001), inverted T-wave (p=0.002), ST-depression (p=0.027), and atrioventricular (AV) node block (p=0.002). Multivariate cox regression showed that history of diabetes mellitus, and presence of PVC and pulmonale P-wave were independent prognostic factors of mortality. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, 18.4% of COVID-19 patients had presented with some kind of dysrhythmia and in addition to history of diabetes, presence of PVC and pulmonale P-wave were among the independent prognostic factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients.

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