Occupational class differences in outcomes after ischemic stroke: a prospective observational study

Abstract Background Occupational class is an integral part of socioeconomic status. The studies focused on the occupational difference in ischemic stroke outcome in a Chinese population are limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between occupational class and the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke in China. Methods We included 1484 ischemic stroke participants (mean age: 63.42 ± 11.26 years) from the prospective cohort study: Infectious Factors, Inflammatory Markers and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke (IIPAIS). Occupational class was categorized into white-collar workers, blue-collar workers and farmers in our study. Study outcomes were cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality within 12 months after ischemic stroke onset. We applied Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the associations between the occupational class and study outcomes after ischemic stroke. Results Within 12 months after ischemic stroke, there were 106 (7.5%) cardiovascular events and 69 (4.9%) all-cause deaths. The Kaplan–Meier plots showed that white-collar workers had highest risk of cardiovascular events after 12-month follow-up (Log-rank P = 0.02). Multivariate adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of farmers versus white-collar workers was 0.43(0.20–0.91) for cardiovascular events. No significant difference showed in blue-collar workers versus white-collar workers, with fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.62(95% CIs, 0.23–1.67). Conclusions Compared with white-collar workers, farmers are associated with less risk of cardiovascular events at 12 months after ischemic stroke, while there are no significant differences in blue-collar workers.

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Occupational Class Differences in Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-292925/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yinwei Zhu ◽

Yaling Lu ◽

Mo Zhou ◽

Ping Huang ◽

Peipei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

White Collar ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Occupational Class ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

White Collar Workers

Abstract Background Occupational class is an integral part of socioeconomic status. The studies focused on the occupational difference in ischemic stroke outcome in a Chinese population are limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between occupational class and the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke in China. Methods We included 1484 ischemic stroke participants (mean age: 63.42 ± 11.26 years) from the prospective cohort study: Infectious Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke (IIPAIS). Occupational class was categorized into white-collar workers, blue-collar workers and farmers in our study. Study outcomes were cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality and the composite outcome of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality within 12 months after ischemic stroke onset. We applied Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the associations between the occupational class and study outcomes after ischemic stroke. Results Within 12 months after ischemic stroke, there were 106 (7.5%) cardiovascular events, 69 (4.9%) all-cause deaths and 155 (10.4%) composite outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier plots showed that white-collar workers had highest risk of cardiovascular events after 12-month follow-up (Log-rank P = 0.02). Multivariate adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of farmers versus white-collar workers was 0.57 (95% CIs, 0.34–0.96) for cardiovascular events. No significant difference showed in blue-collar workers versus white-collar workers, with fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.74 (95% CIs, 0.47–1.18). Conclusions Compared with white-collar workers, farmers are associated with less risk of cardiovascular events at 12 months after ischemic stroke, while there are no significant differences in blue-collar workers.

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The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.34172/ijoem.2020.2053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Rahil Ghahramani ◽

Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi ◽

Hamid Reza Roohafza ◽

Saeide Bahrani ◽

Mohammad Talaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

White Collar ◽

Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽

Male Population ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Standard Classification

Background: Besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factor, some novel risk factors like occupation and career can play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVDs) incidence. Objective: To assess the association between occupational categories and their positions with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in an Iranian male population. Methods: We followed 2134 men aged 35–65 years for 14 years during the Isfahan Cohort Study (2001–2015) for CVEs including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Firstly, Occupations were classified into 10 categories of International Standard Classification of Occupation (ISCO). Each category was then classified into one of the 4 pre-specified categories, namely high/low skilled white collars and high/low skilled blue collars. White-collar workers referred to managerial and professional workers in contrast with blue collar workers, whose job requires manual labor. Results: The mean age of studied participants was 46.9 (SD 8.3) years. 286 CVE incidents were recorded; unstable angina had the highest rate (46%); fatal stroke, the lowest (3%). There were no significant difference was observed between white and blue collars in terms of CVE incidence, as well as their high and low skilled subgroups. Hazard ratio analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of CVEs only for low-skilled white-collar workers (crude HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13); this was not significant after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: There is no association between occupational categories and incidence of cardiovascular events among Iranian male population.

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The Association between Occupational Categories and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study in Iranian Male Population

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.34172/ijoem.2020.2253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Rahil Ghahramani ◽

Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi ◽

Hamid Reza Roohafza ◽

Saeide Bahrani ◽

Mohammad Talaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

White Collar ◽

Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽

Male Population ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Standard Classification

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Motivations for Healthy Lifestyle in Railroad Employees

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v24i1.267 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Iztok Ostan ◽

Borut Poljšak ◽

Eva Podovšovnik Axelsson

Keyword(s):

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Human Resources Management ◽

Great Majority ◽

White Collar ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Collar Workers

The aim of the paper is to present the results of a survey of railroad employees’ motivation for a healthy lifestyle. For this purpose a specific questionnaire was developed. The study was performed on 245 Slovene railroad workers (168 of them blue-collar ones). The great majority (66.9%) were found to be overweight or obese (BMI 25 or more), with no significant difference between blue- and white-collar workers. The great majority of them were in general aware of having unhealthy nutrition and an unhealthy lifestyle. Most of the employees felt the need to improve (at least in part) their nutrition (74.7%) and lifestyle (78.0%); the majority (67.8%) also declared that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle despite the constraints of everyday life and work conditions; however, 57.6% said that they had been already putting considerable effort into a healthier nutrition and lifestyle. Thus the effort needed to overcome constraints toward a healthier lifestyle seems to be the key problem: the majority (54.3%) would rather choose walking than running or other intensive forms of exercise; they are not ready to do it for more than one hour per day (60%), and they are not ready to give up permanently food that they like and that is considered unhealthy. The differences in motivations for a healthy lifestyle between blue- and white-collar workers were not significant at the 0.05 level. Further research in this field is needed; however, it seems that the methods of efficient marginal modifications of lifestyle are required. KEYWORDS human resources management, railroad, blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, healthy lifestyle, motivations

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Socioeconomic Differences in Patient Survival Are Increasing for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma in Sweden

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2008.18.2006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 2073-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson ◽

Åsa Rangert Derolf ◽

Gustaf Edgren ◽

Paul W. Dickman ◽

Magnus Björkholm

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

The Impact ◽

Acute Myeloid

Purpose An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) has not been established in developed countries. We assessed the impact of SES on survival in two large population-based cohorts of AML and MM patients diagnosed in Sweden 1973 to 2005. Patients and Methods The relative risk of death (all cause and cause specific) in relation to SES was estimated using Cox's proportional hazards regression. We also conducted analyses stratified by calendar periods (1973 to 1979, 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2005). Results We identified a total of 9,165 and 14,744 patients with AML and MM, respectively. Overall, higher white-collar workers had a lower mortality than other SES groups for both AML (P = .005) and MM (P < .005). In AML patients, a consistently higher overall mortality was observed in blue-collar workers compared with higher white-collar workers in the last three periods (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51; HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.45; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57, respectively). In MM, no difference was observed in the first two calendar periods. However, in 1990 to 1999, self-employed (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.37), blue-collar workers (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.32), and retired (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.80) had a higher mortality compared to higher white-collar workers. In 2000 to 2005, blue-collar workers had a higher mortality (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.60) compared with higher white-collar workers. Conclusion SES was significantly associated with survival in both AML and MM. Most conspicuously, a lower mortality was observed among the highest SES group during more recent calendar periods. Differences in management, comorbidity, and lifestyle, are likely factors to explain these findings.

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What does work mean to your workers?

Human Resource Management International Digest ◽

10.1108/hrmid-05-2017-0082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 15-17

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

White Collar Crime ◽

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Content Type ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

Hr Managers ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Talk of blue-collar and white-collar workers will seem faintly outdated for many HR managers. For some, blue-collar workers will conjure up images from the 1970s and 1980s of striking mineworkers, some of the terrible conditions in steel works or in car factories in the pre-robot era. And as for white-collar workers, again this term seems a little anachronistic, albeit it has recently been adopted when referring to computerized “white-collar” crime. And as for pink-collar workers, this surely was left for dead in the 1970s along with bell-bottom flares and male perms. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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Advance Notice and Unemployment: New Evidence from the 1988 Displaced Worker Survey

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979399204500402 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 645-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John T. Addison ◽

Pedro Portugal

Keyword(s):

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

Positive Effects ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Advance Notice ◽

Duration Of Unemployment ◽

Displaced Worker ◽

New Evidence ◽

Male Workers

This paper examines how advance notice of layoff affects the incidence and duration of unemployment following displacement. The authors use the Displaced Worker Survey for 1988, which, unlike earlier surveys in the series, contains information on written notice. The results are mixed. Longer written notice may more than double the proportion of white-collar workers who move directly to new employment. But written notice has no such positive effects for blue-collar workers, regardless of its length. Informal (unwritten) notice benefits male workers, either by improving their chances of avoiding unemployment (white-collar men) or by reducing the average spell of unemployment (blue-collar men).

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Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983

Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine ◽

10.1177/140349488601400107 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Seppo Aro ◽

Leena Räsänen ◽

Risto Telama

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Personal Health ◽

Class Differences ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Health Related

The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.

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Exposure to prolonged sedentary behavior on weekdays rather than weekends in white‐collar workers in comparison with blue‐collar workers

Journal of Occupational Health ◽

10.1002/1348-9585.12246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noritoshi Fukushima ◽

Hiroyuki Kikuchi ◽

Shiho Amagasa ◽

Masaki Machida ◽

Makiko Kitabayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Behavior ◽

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

White Collar Workers

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Objectively-measured physical activity and stress levels in workers: a systematic review physical activity and stress in workers

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde ◽

10.12820/rbafs.26e0232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Marcelo Frio Marins ◽

Barbara Sutil da Silva ◽

Natan Feter ◽

Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

White Collar ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Control Group ◽

Blue Collar Workers ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity

To investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and occupational stress in different work environments. This systematic review, registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020214884), followed the PRISMA methodology. The search took place in October/2020 in the following databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MedLine/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, OVID MEDLINE, Scielo and CINAHL. Keywords related to eligible participants (adults and workers), interventions (physical activity objectively measured), comparison (control group or baseline), outcome (stress), and study design (observational studies) were combined using Boolean terms. From 1,524 identified records, 12 articles were included, totaling 2,082 workers. 66.7% of the studies were carried out in Europe and 50.0% among health professionals. Blue collar workers (20.7% [n = 430]) and white collar workers (18.3% [n = 382]), medical resident (6.5% [n = 135]) and protection services (9.7% [n = 202]) were the predominant occupations. Physical activity was higher in blue-collar workers than in white-collar workers, and shift-working nurses were more active compared to non-shift workers and office workers. Increased mental workload was not associated with time spent on physical activities in most studies (10 [83.3%)]). Some studies showed that light physical activity was associated with higher levels of stress and moderate to vigorous physical activity was beneficial for reducing stress dimensions. In conclusion, most studies did not find an association between objectively measured physical activity and the level of stress in workers. Studies with robust methodologies and covering different groups of workers remain necessary.

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