scholarly journals Relationship between income inequality, socioeconomic development, vulnerability index, and maternal mortality in Brazil, 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Socorro Candeira Costa ◽  
Francisco Winter dos Santos Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Public health recognizes that health conditions depend on factors related to the development patterns income distribution, degree of poverty, working conditions, among other social determinants. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of maternal mortality with the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, Income per capita, and the Social Vulnerability. Method The study analyzed the relationship between MMR and socioeconomic indicators in the 26 federative units and the Federal District of Brazil, in 2017. The socioeconomic indicators used in the study were: HDI, Gini Index, Income per capita, and SVI. Crude and adjusted linear regression were performed between maternal mortality and socioeconomic indicators. Results When analyzing which socioeconomic determinants that are related to maternal mortality ratio rates, a higher per capita income positive effect was observed for lower MMR (β = − 150.8; CI 95% -289.9 to − 11.7; r2 = 0.17; p = 0.035), as well as a trend of higher MMR in relation to the SVI (β = 97.7; CI 95% -12.2 to 207.6; r2 = 0.12; p = 0.079). In model found by the stepwise forward selections, only the per capita income was um index related to less RMM (β = − 0.02; CI 95% -0.05 to − 0.002; r2 = 0.15; p = 0.028). Conclusion The findings showed that the per capita income has a negative association MMR in the different states of Brazil, but seems canceled because of the other socioeconomic determinants related to the poor live conditions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN, PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA, DAN PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DI BIDANG KESEHATAN TERHADAP SEKTOR KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Research Area ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractHuman resource is one of capital importance in the development of a nation. One of the important aspects that affect human resources are a public health level, where health sector has an important role. The status of one's health is the result of the interaction of various factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of physical and psychological factors, while external factors consist of economic factors, education, environment and cultureThis research aims to examine and analyze the effect of income inequality as measured by the Gini Ratio against the health sector as measured by life expectancy in Indonesia in 2005-2013. On the research of regression equation using data panels with Random Effects Model approach. The results of this research is the inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health effect simultaneously against health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013 and is partial, inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health sector impact health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013. Keywords : Health sector, income inequality, income per capita, Government expenditure in health sector. Research Area: Indonesia

scholarly journals Um Estudo Comparado: Indicadores de Sustentabilidade, Análise do Perfil Socioeconômico de Dourados MS 2012-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Daniel Massen Frainer ◽  
Marcos Roberto Costa ◽  
Wesley Osvaldo Pradella Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reflective Process ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Data Collection Technique

ResumoO processo de sustentabilidade é visto neste artigo por meio dos indicadores socioeconômicos realizados no munícipio de Dourados MS, nos anos de 2012 versus os indicadores do ano de 2013. O perfil socioeconômico realizado no munícipio de Dourados MS visou a elaboração deste artigo, com o intuito de levantar a principal correlação do processo evolutivo de sustentabilidade (saneamento básico, renda per capita e IDH) ocorrida entre 2012 e 2013. O objetivo geral deste artigo é de comparar os indicadores de sustentabilidade no município de Dourados MS, nos anos de 2012 versus 2013. Como objetivo específico haviam sido analisados os indicadores de saneamento básico, no município de Dourados MS, mais precisamente a extensão de esgoto implantado e renda per capita evolutiva no município. Este artigo se utilizou de uma metodologia comparativa e descritiva, através de métodos exploratórios. As técnicas de coleta de dados envolveram o uso de dados primários, com a análise dos indicadores construídos nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Em suas considerações finais se obteve um resultado evolutivo aos índices comparativos de renda per capita versus tratamento de água e esgoto e o processo reflexivo nos ganhos de qualidade de vida, com relação ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Palavras-chave: Econômico. Indicadores. Renda. Saneamento. AbstractThe sustainability process is seen in this article through the socioeconomic indicators carried out in the Municipality of Dourados MS, in the years of 2012 versus the 2013 year indicators. The socio-economic profile carried out in the Municipality of Dourados MS, aimed at the elaboration of this article in order to raise the main correlation of the sustainability evolutive process (basic sanitation, per capita income and HDI) that occurred between 2012 and 2013. The general objective of this article is to compare sustainability indicators in the municipality of Dourados MS in the years of 2012 versus 2013. In its specific objective, the indicators of basic sanitation in the municipality of Dourados MS were analyzed, more precisely, extension of implanted sewage and per capita evolutionary income in the municipality. This article used a comparative and descriptive methodology, through exploratory methods. Their data collection technique prevailed through primary data, with the analysis of indicators constructed in the years of 2012 and 2013. In their final considerations, an evolutionary result was obtained for the comparative indices of per capita income versus water and sewage treatment and the reflective process in the quality of life gains, in relation to the Human Development Index (HDI). Keywords: Economic. Indicators. Income. Sanitation.

Comparison of Socio Economic Development of Tarai and Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Dipak Duvey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

The comparison of socio economic development of Tarai and Nepal is the comparison of development of total Nepal with its southern part Tarai. Socio economically southern belt of Nepal, Tarai is leading whole Nepal in development. There are not any significant impacts of conflicts of Tarai in one and half decade, in socio economic development of rural development of Tarai. The comparative study has selected timeline of 2004, 2011 and 2019 to collect and analyze the socioeconomic indicators based on data of Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Data). It is the study of literacy rate, access to electricity, GDP Growth rate and Per capita income of Nepal and Tarai region in different point of time of conflicts and resiliencies. The literacy rate was 55%, 65%, and72% in Tarai and 49%, 60% and 69% in Nepal; access to electricity were 40%, 78% and 95% in Tarai and 37%, 65% and 96% in Nepal. Similarly, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth rate was 5%, 5% and 7.2% in Tarai and 4.7 %, 3.4%, and 7.1% in Nepal; Per capita income in USD was 300, 629 and 1100 in Tarai and 286, 610, and 1034 in Nepal from 2004, 2011, and 2019respectively. Therefore, Tarai is leading Nepal in socio economic development.

scholarly journals Associations between Caries among Children and Household Sugar Procurement, Exposure to Fluoridated Water and Socioeconomic Indicators in the Brazilian Capital Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Martins Gonçalves ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Maria do Carmo Matias Freire
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Per Capita

The objective of this ecological study was to investigate the association between caries experience in 5- and 12-year-old Brazilian children in 2010 and household sugar procurement in 2003 and the effects of exposure to water fluoridation and socioeconomic indicators. Sample units were all 27 Brazilian capital cities. Data were obtained from the National Surveys of Oral Health; the National Household Food Budget Survey; and the United Nations Program for Development. Data analysis included correlation coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, and linear regression. There were significant negative associations between caries experience and procurement of confectionery, fluoridated water, HDI, and per capita income. Procurement of confectionery and soft drinks was positively associated with HDI and per capita income. Exploratory factor analysis grouped the independent variables by reducing highly correlated variables into two uncorrelated component variables that explained 86.1% of total variance. The first component included income, HDI, water fluoridation, and procurement of confectionery, while the second included free sugar and procurement of soft drinks. Multiple regression analysis showed that caries is associated with the first component. Caries experience was associated with better socioeconomic indicators of a city and exposure to fluoridated water, which may affect the impact of sugars on the disease.

scholarly journals EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS SOBRE CONVERGÊNCIA DA DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA ENTRE OS MUNICÍPIOS CEARENSES

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Airton Lopes Amorim ◽  
Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Eliane Pinheiro de Sousa ◽  
Daniel Arruda Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Per Capita

A desigualdade de renda tende a diminuir em municípios com elevada desigualdade e a aumentar naqueles com baixa desigualdade? Este trabalho tenta responder a essa questão ao verificar se existiu convergência da desigualdade de renda entreos municípios cearenses, nos anos 1991 e 2000. A principal medida de desigualdade de renda utilizada foi o índice de Gini, sendoos testes de convergência realizados por meio de modelos com efeito threshold, nos quais as variáveis concernentes ao índice deGini, à renda per capita e aos anos de estudo, medidas no período inicial, foram consideradas como possíveis variáveis threshold. Os resultados permitiram rejeitar a hipótese de clubes de convergência da desigualdade de renda entre os municípios cearenses. Noentanto, não se pode rejeitar a hipótese de convergência condicional da desigualdade de renda entre os mesmos, sendo que eles estariam convergindo para um valor médio de equilíbrio de desigualdade de renda maior, ou seja, os municípios cearenses estariam tornando-se mais concentradores de renda per capita. Palavras-chave: Desigualdade de renda, Índice de Gini, efeitos Threshold.EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES ABOUT THE CONVERGENCE OF INCOME INEQUALITY AMONG CITIES FROM CEARAAbstract: The income inequality tends to decrease in municipalities with high inequality and increase in those with low inequality? This paper intends to answer this question by checking if there was convergence of income inequality in the municipalities of the State of Ceará, in the years 1991 and 2000. The main measurement of income inequality used was the Gini index, with the convergencetests conducted through models with threshold effect, in which the variables relating to the Gini index, to the per capita income and to the years of study were considered, measured in the initial period as possible threshold variables. The results allowed rejectingthe hypothesis of convergence clubs of the per capita income inequality among the cities from Ceará. However there is no way to reject the hypothesis of conditional convergence of the income inequality in the municipalities among the same, where these would be converging to an average value of the bigger income inequality, that is, they would be turning themselves into more per capita income-concentrating municipalities.Key words: Income inequality, Gini Index, Threshold effect.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MIDDLE INCOME TRAP DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asmirawati Asmirawati
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Middle Income Trap

This paper aims to analyze middle income trap in Indonesia where per capita income is the main indicator in determining whether a country is included in the middle income category or not. By looking at the effect of high technology products , education level, direct investment and dependent ratio on per capita income in Indonesia. The results of this model use the ordinary least square method, which shows that the export of high-tech products has a positive and significant effect on per capita income, the level of education has a positive and significant effect on per capita income, direct investment has a negative and significant effect on per capita income, the ratio has a positive and significant effect. income per capita and high-tech product exports, level of education, direct investment, and the ratio have a significant effect on income per capita in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi AHH Provinsi Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Luh Dita Darmayanti ◽  
Surya Dewi Rustariyuni
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Per Capita

The degree of public health can be measured by looking at the amount of Life Expectancy (AHH). AHH is the result of calculating projections often used as one of the People's Welfare Indicators (IKR). Assuming a declining trend in infant mortality rates (IMR) and changes in the population's age composition, the objectives in this study are: 1) to analyze the effect of income per capita, government spending in education, and health simultaneously affect life expectancy in Bali Province / City in the 2011-2017 period and 2) to analyze the effect of per capita income, government spending the education and health sector influences the life expectancy in the Regency / City of Bali Province in the 2011-2017 period. The data used in this study is secondary data in 2011-2017. This study uses Multiple Linear Regression analysis techniques used to process classical assumption test data using Eviews 9. The results of this study stated that the variable income per capita (X1), government expenditure in education (X2), and government expenditure in health (X3) simultaneously affected the life expectancy (Y) in districts/cities in Bali Province. Partially per capita income has a positive and significant impact on life expectancy. Government expenditure in education and government expenditure in health does not affect life expectancy in Bali Province districts/cities.  

scholarly journals Spatial data modeling in disposable income per capita in china using nationwide spatial autoregressive (SAR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuti Purwaningsih ◽  
Anusua Ghosh ◽  
Chumairoh Chumairoh
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Foreign Exchange Earning ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Per Capita

China as a country became the economic center of the world. However, with a population of 1.3 billion, China's per capita income is still at number 80 in the world. In the world, considering the imbalance between town and country with 100 million people still living in poverty. Thus, to address this imbalance, it is necessary to study the condition in depth, because income per capita is often used as a benchmark to measure the prosperity of a country. With greater and equitable income per capita, the country will be judged increasingly affluent. Two factors, mainly industry and tourism, play an important role in the economic progress in China. These are include Per capita Disposable Income Nationwide (yuan), Total Value of Exports of operating units (1,000 USD), Registered Unemployed Person in Urban Area (10000 person), Foreign Exchange Earning from International tourism(in millions USD) and Number of Overseas Visitor Arrivals (million person/time). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the influence of these factors to increase per capita income. Since the economic development of a region usually affect the surrounding area, this study aims to include spatial effects, using Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) Model. The results suggest that the per capita income affected by the Tourism factor is about 58.65% (R-squared).

scholarly journals PENGARUH TRANSFER FISKAL DAN DANA BAGI HASIL TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ariusni Ariusni
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Block Grant ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The People ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Income Sharing

The general objective of this study was to determine the correct how big the block grant, the specific grant (DAK) and income sharing (DBH) affect per capita income of the people in the districts/cities in West Sumatra Province. While research specially aimed to determine the correct wheter there is a significant influence general allocation fund, spesific grants and income-sharing to income per capita 19 districts/cities in West Sumatra Province. Based on the results of the study indicate that the block grant (DAU) has no effect on income per capita nineteen districts/cities in West Sumatra Province and income sharing (DBH) positive and significant on income per capita of the nineteen ditricts/cities in West Sumatra Province during 2003-2010.

scholarly journals Fakta empiris kurva U-terbalik Kuznets mengenai pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nessy Fameylan Alin ◽  
Heriberta Heriberta ◽  
Etik Umiyati
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to analyze the development of the gini ratio and income per capita and to prove whether the hypothesis of Kuznets (U-inverted curve) applies in Jambi Province. To prove whether the Kuznets hypothesis applies in Jambi Province through an analysis of the relationship between per capita income and the gini ratio. The results of the study found that the growth of per capita income in Jambi Province was followed by the development of relatively fluctuating income inequality. Therefore,  the Kuznets' hypothesis is not valid in Jambi Province.

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