scholarly journals The cognitive impairment and risk factors of the older people living in high fluorosis areas: DKK1 need attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ren ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yan Yao ◽  
Hui-Hua Li ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Intervention Point ◽  
High Fluoride

Abstract Objective To evaluate cognitive impairment and risk factors of elders in high fluoride drinking water areas and investigate whether DKK1 is involved in this disorder. Methods MoCA-B and AD-8 were used to measure the cognitive functions of 272 and 172 subjects over the age of 60 came from the high and normal fluoride drinking water areas respectively, general information and peripheral blood were collected, the level of SOD, GSH and MDA were measured, mRNA level of DKK1, the concentration of blood fluoride and the polymorphism of APOE were tested. Results The blood fluoride concentration, mRNA level of DKK1 and ratio of abnormal cognitive function of subjects in high fluorine drinking water areas were higher than those in normal areas. The level of SOD of subjects in high fluorine drinking water was low compared with those in normal areas. The level of MDA and GSH had no difference between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. There were differences in cigarette smoking, education, dental status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and APOE results between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. The mRNA level of DKK1 and the level of cognitive function showed a positive correlation and DKK1 was one of five risk factors involved in cognitive impairment of older people living in high fluorosis areas. Conclusions The cognitive functions could be impaired in the older people living in high fluoride drinking water areas, and DKK1 may as a potential intervention point of this brain damage process need attention.

scholarly journals Increasing prevalence of anticholinergic medication use in older people in England over 20 years: Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Grossi ◽  
Kathryn Richardson ◽  
George Savva ◽  
Chris Fox ◽  
Antony Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Anticholinergic Medication ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden

Abstract Background: Anticholinergic medication use is linked with increased cognitive decline, dementia, falls and mortality. The characteristics of the population who use anticholinergic medication are not known. Here we estimate the prevalence of anticholinergic use in England’s older population in 1991 and 2011, and describe changes in use by participant’s age, sex, cognition and disability. Methods: We compared data from participants aged 65+ years from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and II), collected during 1990-1993 (N=7,635) and 2008-2011 (N=7,762). We estimated the prevalence of potent anticholinergic use (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden [ACB] score=3) and average anticholinergic burden (sum of ACB scores), using inverse probability weights standardised to the 2011 UK population. These were stratified by age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL) disability. Results: Prevalence of potent anticholinergic use increased from 5.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.2-6.3%) of the older population in 1990-93 to 9.9% (9.3-10.7%) in 2008-11, adjusted odds ratio of 1.90 (95%CI 1.67 – 2.16). People with clinically significant cognitive impairment (MMSE [Mini Mental State Examination] 21 or less) were the heaviest users of potent anticholinergic in CFAS II (16.5% [95%CI 12.0-22.3%]). Large increases in the prevalence of the use medication with ‘any’ anticholinergic activity were seen in older people with clinically significant cognitive impairment (53.3% in CFAS I to 71.5% in CFAS II). Conclusions: Use of potent anticholinergic medications nearly doubled in England’s older population over 20 years with some of the greatest increases amongst those particularly vulnerable to anticholinergic side-effects. Key words: cognitive impairment, anticholinergic burden, polypharmacy

Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older People in Kazakhstan and Potential Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila T. Tsoy ◽  
Saule T. Turuspekova ◽  
Nina K. Klipitskaya ◽  
Alibek Mereke ◽  
Robert G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiranan Griffiths ◽  
Lakkana Thaikruea ◽  
Nahathai Wongpakaran ◽  
Peeraya Munkhetvit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Rural Thailand

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. A review showed that 10–15% of those with MCI annually progressed to Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with MCI as well as the characteristics of cognitive deficits among older people in rural Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 482 people who were 60 years old and over was conducted in northern Thailand. The assessments were administered by trained occupational therapists using demographic and health characteristics, Mental Status Examination Thai 10, Activities of Daily Living – Thai Assessment Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B, Thai version). Results: The mean age of MCI was 68.3 ± 6.82 years, and most had an education ≤4 years. The prevalence of MCI in older people was 71.4% (344 out of 482), and it increased with age. Low education and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the significant risk factors associated with cognitive decline. Older people with MCI were more likely to have an education ≤4 years (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21–2.51) and DM (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) than those who did not. The 3 most common cognitive impairments according to MoCA-B were executive function (86%), alternating attention (33.1%) and delayed recall (31.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MCI in older Thai people in a rural area is high compared with that in other countries. The explanation might be due to low education and underlying disease associated with MCI. A suitable program that can reduce the prospects of MCI in rural Thailand is needed.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes: a community-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881983664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangling Xiu ◽  
Qiuju Liao ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Piu Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2626 community-dwelling participants with diabetes aged ⩾55 years, living in Beijing, China. The participants were screened for risk factors, including smoking, obesity, hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, depression, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and low physical activity. Cognitive function was assessed with the scholarship-adjusted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): MMSE ⩽17 for iliterate participants; MMSE ⩽20 for primary school graduates (⩾6 years of education); and MMSE ⩽24 for junior school graduates or above (⩾9 years of education). Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes was 9.90%. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–2.43], less than 0.5 h exercise per day (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.37–2.61), and depression (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.06–2.54), but not smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease, were independent risks for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes. In addition, being married (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47–0.93) and urban living (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22–0.48) could decrease the risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Stroke, depression, and less than 0.5 h exercise per day were independent risks for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes, whereas being married and urban living were protective.

Education and the Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Koreans With Cognitive Impairment

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Jae-Min Kim ◽  
Il-Seon Shin ◽  
Jin-Sang Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Diagnosis

Background/Objective: The association between hypertension, diabetes, and worse cognitive function has been reported to be stronger in groups with low levels of education. Using data from a cross-sectional community survey of Korean elders, we sought to investigate this within a sample with relative cognitive impairment. Methods: The sample consisted of 341 participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Korean version) scores of 24/30 or below. Previous diagnoses were ascertained and participants were examined for resting blood pressure and nonfasting blood glucose and cholesterol. Results: After adjustment for age, occupation, physical dependence, and cholesterol levels, worse cognitive function (MMSE score < 21) within the sample was associated with raised systolic blood pressure, raised glucose levels, and a previous diagnosis of diabetes. These associations were significant only in participants with no formal education. In this group the adjusted odds ratios for worse cognitive function were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.34) for each 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and 3.47 (1.14-10.6) for a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Odds ratios for the group with previous education were 0.99 (0.81-1.21) and 1.82 (0.48-6.92), respectively. Conclusion: The association between risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment appears to be particularly strong in people with lower educational attainment.

Impact of Baseline Features and Risk Factor Control on Cognitive Function in the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya N. Turan ◽  
Sami Al Kasab ◽  
Alison Smock ◽  
George Cotsonis ◽  
David Bachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Aggressive Medical Management

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is an important cause of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to report the relationship between cognitive function and risk factors at baseline and during follow-up in the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial. Methods: Subjects in the SAMMPRIS trial were included in this study. In order to have an assessment of cognitive function independent of stroke, patients with a stroke as a qualifying event whose deficits included aphasia or neglect were excluded from these analyses as were those with a cerebrovascular event during follow-up. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was used to assess cognitive impairment at baseline, 4 months, 12 months and closeout. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA < 26. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine what risk factors were independent predictors of cognitive function at baseline, 12 months and closeout. Among patients randomized to aggressive medical management only, the percentage of patients with cognitive impairment was compared between patients in versus out of target for each risk factor at 12 months and closeout. Results: Of the 451 patients in SAMMPRIS, 371 patients met the inclusion criteria. MoCA < 26 was present in 55% at baseline. Older age and physical inactivity were associated with cognitive impairment at baseline. Older age, non-white race, lower baseline body mass index, and baseline cognitive impairment were associated with cognitive impairment at 12 months. In the aggressive medical management group, at 12 months, physical inactivity during follow-up was the strongest risk factor associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is common in patients with severe symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. Physical inactivity at baseline and during follow-up is a strong predictor of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The Association between Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Plasma Omega-3 to Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ratio to Cognitive Impairment Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Suwa ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Komori ◽  
Sachiko Kajimoto ◽  
Masaya Kino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Low Serum

Objective. Cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a potential for predicting cognitive impairment. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are important for evaluating the extent of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether abnormal PUFA levels affected WMH grading and cognitive function in patients without significant cognitive impairment.Methods. Atherosclerotic risk factors, the internal carotid artery (ICA) plaque, and serum ratios of eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acids (EPA/AA) and docosahexaenoic to arachidonic acids (DHA/AA) were assessed in 286 patients. The relationship among these risk factors, WMH, and cognitive function was evaluated using WMH grading and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).Results. The development of WMH was associated with aging, hypertension, ICA plaques, and a low serum EPA/AA ratio (<0.38, obtained as the median value) but was not related to dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and a low serum DHA/AA ratio (<0.84, obtained as the median value). In addition, the MMSE score deteriorated slightly with the progression of WMH (29.7 ± 1.0 compared to 28.4 ± 2.1,P<0.0001).Conclusions. The progression of WMH was associated with a low serum EPA/AA ratio and accompanied minimal deterioration in cognitive function. Sufficient omega-3 PUFA intake may be effective in preventing the development of cognitive impairment.

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