scholarly journals Determinants of overall knowledge and health behaviours in relation to hepatitis B and C among ever-married women in Pakistan: evidence based on Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Maqsood ◽  
Sarosh Iqbal ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Muhammad Zakria Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics

Abstract Background In 2019, around 5 million and 10 million people were affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) respectively in Pakistan. On World Hepatitis Day 2019, Pakistan’s Government announced the Prime Minister’s Plan to eliminate HBV and HCV from the country by 2030. In order to achieve this goal, adequate knowledge about HBV and HCV regarding mode of transmission, symptoms of the disease, and awareness about available treatments and vaccines is imperative. The present study aims to investigate the determinants related to overall knowledge about and behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV amongst married women in Pakistan. Methods Secondary data analysis was carried out using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–18. A series of questions regarding women’s knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HCV and their health behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV were posed to 12,364 ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Bivariate and multivariable logistic and linear regression was applied to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and covariates on women’s overall knowledge and health behaviour regarding HBV and HCV. Results The findings highlight that the majority of women (88.3%) have heard of HBV and HCV. Nonetheless, only 34.8% had comprehensive knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HCV. Few women (11.3%) had been tested for HBV or HCV during the year preceding the survey. Furthermore, the results indicate that women living in urban areas, being older, and having more than 10 years of schooling, reported better knowledge and health behaviours regarding HBV and HCV. Conclusion This study provides evidence that women’s sociodemographic characteristics create differences in their overall knowledge about and attitudes towards HBV and HCV. This research emphasized that there is a need to create awareness about the causes and prevention of HBV and HCV in order to achieve the goal of eliminating these diseases in Pakistan by 2030.

scholarly journals Determinants of Overall Knowledge and Health Behaviors Towards Hepatitis B and C Among Ever-Married Women in Pakistan: Evidence Based on Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Maqsood ◽  
Sarosh Iqbal ◽  
Rubeena Zakar ◽  
Muhammad Zakria Zakar ◽  
Florian Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age

Abstract Background: In 2019, around 5 million and 10 million people were affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) respectively in Pakistan. On World Hepatitis Day 2019, Pakistan’s Government announced the Prime Minister’s Plan to eliminate HBV and HCV from the country by 2030. In order to achieve this goal, adequate knowledge about HBV and HCV regarding mode of transmission, symptoms of the disease, and awareness about available treatments and vaccines is imperative. The present study aims to investigate the determinants related to overall knowledge about and behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV amongst married women in Pakistan.Methods: Secondary data analysis was carried out using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–18. A series of questions regarding women’s knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HVC and their health behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV were posed to 12,364 ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and covariates on women’s overall knowledge and health behaviour regarding HBV and HCV.Results: The findings highlight that the majority of women (88.3%) have heard of HBV and HCV. Nonetheless, only 34.8% had comprehensive knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HCV. Few women (11.3%) had been tested for HBV or HCV during the year preceding the survey. Furthermore, the results indicated that women from Sindh, living in urban areas, aged 35 years and over, having more than 10 years of schooling, belonging to the richest wealth quintile and working as professionals or in clerical/sales & service jobs reported better knowledge and health behaviours regarding HBV and HCV.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that women’s socio-demographic characteristics create differences in their overall knowledge about and attitudes towards HBV and HCV. This research emphasized that there is a need to create awareness about the causes and prevention of HBV and HCV in order to achieve the goal of eliminating these diseases in Pakistan by 2030.

scholarly journals Association Between Maternal High-risk Fertility Behavior and Pregnancy Intention Among Women Aged 15 to 49 in Rwanda: Analysis of the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Nishimwe ◽  
Philomene Uwimana ◽  
Liberee Rumagihwa ◽  
Alfred Rutagengwa ◽  
Laetitia Nyirazinyoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pregnancy Intention ◽  
Fertility Behavior ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Maternal high-risk fertility behaviors have been linked to negative maternal and child health outcomes that include anaemia, undernutrition, and child mortality. In this context, we examined the association between maternal high-risk fertility behavior and pregnancy intention among women of reproductive age in Rwanda.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on secondary data from the 2014–15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (n=5661). The outcome of interest was pregnancy intention of the last child defined as intended or unintended. Maternal high-risk fertility behaviors were measured using maternal age at delivery, birth order, and birth interval. Chi-square test and multivariable regression models were performed. Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 46.8% (n=2652). Overall, 35.8% (n=2017) of women experienced single high-risk fertility behavior, while 23.1% (n=1282) of women experienced multiple high-risk fertility behaviors. Compared to women who have not experienced high-risk fertility behavior, the multivariable odds ratio (95% CI) of unintended pregnancy among women in single-risk and multiple-risk fertility behaviors were 2.00 (1.75, 2.28; p <0.001) and 2.49 (2.09, 2.95; p <0. 001.), respectively.Conclusion: Exposure to high-risk fertility behaviors is positively associated with unintended pregnancy among women in Rwanda. Therefore, reproductive and sexual health services should pay special attention to women who are <18 years or >34 years old; who have more than three children already; or have children with less than 24 months’ interval between giving birth.

scholarly journals Four out of ten married women utilized modern contraceptive method in Ethiopia: A Multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262431
Author(s):  
Sewunet Sako Shagaro ◽  
Teshale Fikadu Gebabo ◽  
Be’emnet Tekabe Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization

Background Modern contraceptive method is a product or medical procedure that interferes with reproduction from acts of sexual intercourse. Globally in 2019, 44% of women of reproductive age were using a modern method of contraception but it was 29% in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the main aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married women in Ethiopia. Method The current study used the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey dataset. Both descriptive and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis were done using STATA version 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to report statistically significant factors with modern contraceptive utilization. Result The overall modern contraceptive utilization among married women in Ethiopia was 38.7% (95% CI: 37.3% to 40.0%). Among the modern contraceptive methods, injectables were the most widely utilized modern contraceptive method (22.82%) followed by implants (9.65%) and pills (2.71%). Maternal age, educational level, wealth index, number of living children, number of births in the last three years, number of under 5 children in the household, religion, and geographic region were independent predictors of modern contraceptive utilization. Conclusion In the current study only four out of ten married non-pregnant women of reproductive age utilized modern contraceptive methods. Furthermore, the study has identified both individual and community-level factors that can affect the utilization of modern contraceptive methods by married women in the country. Therefore, concerned bodies need to improve access to reproductive health services, empower women through community-based approaches, and minimize region wise discrepancy to optimize the utilization.

scholarly journals Associated factors and their individual contributions to caesarean delivery among married women in Bangladesh: analysis of Bangladesh demographic and health survey data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Hasan ◽  
Md. Mesbahul Alam ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
First Birth

Abstract Background Caesarean section (CS) delivery has a significant effect on maternal and neonatal health especially in a developing country like Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors and their individual contribution to CS delivery among Bangladeshi married women in reproductive age. Methods The cross sectional secondary data was used in this study. Data was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014 dataset. BDHS-2014 collected data from all over Bangladesh. Stepwise logistic regression analysis and population attributable fractions (PAF) were utilized in this study. Results A total number of 4422 married Bangladeshi women having at least one child (age ≤ 5 years) were considered in this study. The prevalence of CS delivery among Bangladeshi women was 23.94%. The stepwise logistic regression model showed that location (division), type of residence, education of respondent and her husband, working status, age at first birth, number of children, wealth index and baby’s birth weight were most important predictors of CS delivery among Bangladeshi mothers. PAF demonstrated that overweight or obese women had highest contribution (23.36%) among the risk factors of CS delivery, followed by age at first birth (age >  20 years) (18.97%), highest wealth quintile (17.39%), higher education (15.93%), living in urban environment (14.39%), having lower number of ever born children (1–2 children) (13.58%), living in Dhaka division (12.11%), delivering large size of child at birth (11.13%) and housewife (6.55%). Conclusions In the present study, we have identified the important risk factors and their individual contribution to CS delivery in Bangladesh. Consequently, these factors can be considered for reducing the rate of CS delivery in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Assisted Birth Delivery In Ghana: Evidence From Ghana Demographic And Health Survey 1988 - 2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Fosu Oteng ◽  
Richard Aboagye-Mensah ◽  
Kwamena Sekyi Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Traditional Birth Attendants ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Skilled Assistance ◽  
Assisted Birth

Abstract Background: Assistance during birth delivery is an essential reproductive care given to women during pregnancy. Even with the best possible antenatal care, any delivery can become a complicated one; therefore, skilled assistance is essential to safe delivery care. Proven health care interventions such as skilled assistance during childbirth can prevent or manage these complications. Methods: The study used secondary data from all the six rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). Bivariate, multivariate and binary logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between some background characteristics and assisted birth delivery. Results: The results showed that birth delivery is generally assisted by Nurses/Midwives over the period under review. The proportion of women who were not assisted during delivery declined over the period. Similarly, there was a decline in the percentage of women who were assisted by traditional birth attendants. In addition, it was observed that older women were more likely to be assisted by doctors during delivery as compared with younger women. Women with secondary education were more likely to utilize the services of nurses/midwives during delivery compared with those with no education. Women from the rural areas were more likely to receive delivery assistance from Traditional Birth Attendants compared with those from urban areas. Conclusion: These findings heighten that future successful interventions for skilled birth attendants should prioritise the identified groups who were more likely to utilize the services of TBAs.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with fertility preferences among women of reproductive age in Ghana: evidence from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Eugene Budu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Abstract Background Understanding women’s desire to have more children is critical for planning towards future reproductive health behaviour. We examined the association between socio-economic and demographic factors and fertility preferences among women of reproductive age in Ghana. Methods This  study used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The sample consisted of 5389 women of reproductive age. We fitted Binary logistic regression models to assess the association between socio-economic status and fertility preferences, whiles controlling for demographic factors. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Approximately 60% of women of reproductive age in Ghana desired for more children. Women with no formal education were more likely to desire for more children compared to those with higher level of education (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.29–3.48). The odds of desire for more children was higher among women who lived in rural areas compared to those who lived in urban areas (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.53). With region, women who lived in the Northern region were more likely to desire for more children compared to those who lived in the Ashanti region (aOR = 4.03, 95% CI 2.69–6.04). Similarly, women who belonged to other ethnic groups were more likely to desire for more children compared to Akans (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.35–2.35). The desire for more children was higher among women with 0–3 births compared to those with four or more births (aOR = 7.15, 95% CI 5.97–8.58). In terms of religion, Muslim women were more likely to desire for more children compared to Christians (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.49–2.34). Conclusion This study concludes that women in high-socio economic status are less likely to desire more children. On the other hand, women in the Northern, Upper East and those belonging to the Islamic religious sect tend to desire more children. To aid in fertility control programmes designing and strengthening of existing ones, these factors ought to be critically considered.

Empowerment and IPV in Married Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098038
Author(s):  
Mohammad Vaqas Ali ◽  
Jawad Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The study was an attempt to identify demographic, household, and women empowerment factors that predicted emotional, physical, and sexual violence in ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years, n = 3,965) in Pakistan by performing secondary analysis on Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018. The analysis was done using SPSS (v.22) and binary and multivariate logistic regression techniques were performed for analyses. The analysis found that 30.2% of women experienced emotional, 24.1% reported less severe physical, 6.5% experienced severe physical, and 4.3% experienced sexual violence, respectively. The multivariate analysis found that husband’s age, education, wealth, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, womens’ age, education, and number of children also significantly predicted IPV. With respect to empowerment variables, ownership of house was a significant predictor of less severe physical violence, ownership of property significantly predicted emotional violence, and autonomy in household purchase decisions was significantly related to severe physical violence. The control on husband’s income as a measure of empowerment significantly predicted all four types of IPV. Belief in patriarchy also turned out to be an important factor in determining emotional and less severe physical violence. The study concludes that women empowerment in household context can prevent less serious forms of violence but to hinder serious forms of violence, interventions at family and community level will be required.

scholarly journals A multilevel analysis of overweight and obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Malawi: evidence from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Austin Morton Ntenda ◽  
Jane Flora Kazambwe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity are well-known risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers and musculoskeletal disorders. In Malawi, the proportion of women who are overweight/obese has doubled, from 10% in 1992 to 21% in 2015–16. Therefore we aimed to explore the individual- and community-level factors associated with overweight and obesity among non-pregnant women of child-bearing age. Methods Secondary analysis of the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey was conducted. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to &lt;30 kg/m2, while obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Two-level multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using a logit-link function with a binomial distribution on 7326 women living in 850 different communities. Results At the individual level, the adjusted multilevel regression results showed that women 15–19 y of age as well as women from the poorest households had reduced odds of being overweight/obese. However, women with white collar jobs and women who were affiliated with the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian and the Roman Catholic church had increased odds of being overweight/obese. At the community level, women from urban areas and women who resided in communities with a low percentage of media exposure had increased odds of being overweight or obese. While women from poor communities had reduced odds of being overweight and obese, the proportion change in variance showed that 56, 77 and 78% of total variations in the odds of overweight, obese and overweight/obese across the communities were explained by both individual- and community-level factors. The median odds ratio showed that the likelihood of maternal overweight, obese and overweight/obese increased by 63, 39 and 84% when the women moved from low- to high-risk neighbourhoods. Conclusions Older women, Christian women, women with white collar jobs and women from the richest households should be targeted during policy formulation. At the community level, media coverage should be spread evenly so that health awareness messages, consequences and means of overweight and obesity prevention are getting to the targeted women. Our study revealed evidence of clustering effects of overweight and obesity at the community level, hence neighbourhood variations with respect to maternal overweight and obesity should be taken into account when designing nutritional policies.

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