scholarly journals A novel rat model of interbody fusion based on anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion (ALCF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Yi-Guo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lumbar Corpectomy

Abstract Background Rats have been widely used as experimental animals when performing fundamental research because they are economical, rapidly reproducing, and heal quickly. While the rat interbody fusion model has been applied in basic studies, existing rat models generally have shortcomings, such as insufficiently simulating clinical surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel rat model of interbody fusion which more closely represents clinical surgery. Methods The internal fixation was designed based on physical measurements of the rats’ lumbar spine. Then, ten rats divided into two groups (A and B) underwent anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion of the L5 vertebrae. Groups A and B were sacrificed four and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Micro-CT and histological examination were used to evaluate the model. Fusion rate, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), and the area ratio of newly formed bone (NB) were calculated for quantitative analysis. Results Based on the L5 body dimensions of individual rats, 3D-printed titanium cage of the appropriate size were printed. The operations were successfully completed in all ten rats, and X-ray confirmed that internal fixation was good without migration. Micro-CT suggested that fusion rates in group B (100%) were greater than group A (40%, P < 0.05). The BV/TV (B: 42.20 ± 10.50 vs. A: 29.02 ± 3.25, P < 0.05) and Tb.N (B: 4.66 ± 1.23 vs. A: 1.97 ± 0.40, P < 0.05) were greater in group B than A, and the Tb.Th in group B was lower than group A (B: 0.10 ± 0.04 vs. A: 0.15 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). Histomorphometry results demonstrated that the area ratio of NB in group B were greater than group A (B: 35.72 ± 12.80 vs. A: 12.36 ± 16.93, P < 0.05). Conclusion A rat interbody fusion model based on anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion has successfully been constructed and verified. It could provide a new choice for fundamental research using animal models of spinal fusion.

scholarly journals A Novel Rat Model of Interbody Fusion based on Anterior Lumbar Corpectomy and Fusion (ALCF)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Yi-Guo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lumbar Corpectomy

Abstract Background: Rats have been widely used as experimental animals when performing fundamental research because they are economical, rapidly reproducing, and heal quickly. While the rat interbody fusion model has been applied in basic studies, existing rat models generally have shortcomings, such as insufficiently simulating clinical surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel rat model of interbody fusion which more closely represents clinical surgery.Methods: The internal fixation was designed based on physical measurements of the rats’ lumbar spine. Then, ten rats divided into two groups (A and B) underwent anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion of the L5 vertebrae. Groups A and B were sacrificed four and eight weeks post-surgery, respectively. Micro-CT and histological examination were used to evaluate the model. Fusion rate, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), and the area ratio of newly formed bone (NB) were calculated for quantitative analysis.Results: Based on the L5 body dimensions of individual rats, 3D-printed titanium cage of the appropriate size were printed. The operations were successfully completed in all ten rats, and X-ray confirmed that internal fixation was good without migration. Micro-CT suggested that fusion rates in group B (100%) were greater than group A (40%, P<0.05). The BV/TV (B: 42.20±10.50 vs. A: 29.02±3.25, P<0.05) and Tb.N (B: 4.66±1.23 vs. A: 1.97±0.40, P<0.05) were greater in group B than A, and the Tb.Th in group B was lower than group A (B: 0.10±0.04 vs. A: 0.15±0.02, P<0.05). Histomorphometry results demonstrated that the area ratio of NB in group B were greater than group A (B: 35.72±12.80 vs. A: 12.36±16.93, P<0.05).Conclusion: A rat interbody fusion model based on anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion has successfully been constructed and verified. It could provide a new choice for fundamental research using animal models of spinal fusion.

Beta—tricalcium phosphate as a substitute for autograft in interbody fusion cages in the canine lumbar spine

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashiro Ohyama ◽  
Yoshichika Kubo ◽  
Hiroo Iwata ◽  
Waro Taki
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Posterolateral Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spine Model ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fine Print

Object. An interbody fusion cage has been introduced for cervical anterior interbody fusion. Autogenetic bone is packed into the cage to increase the rate of union between adjacent vertebral bodies. Thus, donor site—related complications can still occur. In this study a synthetic ceramic, β—tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was examined as a substitute for autograft bone in a canine lumbar spine model. Methods. In 12 dogs L-1 to L-4 vertebrae were exposed via a posterolateral approach, and discectomy and placement of interbody fusion cages were performed at two intervertebral disc spaces. One cage was filled with autograft (Group A) and the other with TCP (Group B). The lumbar spine was excised at 16 weeks postsurgery, and biomechanical, microradiographic, and histological examinations were performed. Both the microradiographic and histological examinations revealed that fusion occurred in five (41.7%) of 12 operations performed in Group A and in six (50%) of 12 operations performed in Group B. The mean percentage of trabecular bone area in the cages was 54.6% in Group A and 53.8% in Group B. There were no significant intergroup differences in functional unit stiffness. Conclusions. Good histological and biomechanical results were obtained for TCP-filled interbody fusion cages. The results were comparable with those obtained using autograft-filled cages, suggesting that there is no need to harvest iliac bone or to use allo- or xenografts to increase the interlocking strength between the cage and vertebral bone to achieve anterior cervical interbody fusion.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Telmisartan in Pristane Induced Arthritis Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Quratulain Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common systemic inflammatory diseases characterized by progressive damage to the joints. There is rising evidence that Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System signaling is also involved in the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis and its blockers possess anti-arthritic properties. Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-? agonist and its anti-arthritic effects were evaluated. Aims & Objectives: This experimental study was designed to evaluate the anti-arthritic efficacy of telmisartan in pristane induced rat model of arthritis in adult female rats. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from July 2020 to August 2020. Material & Methods: Twenty four (24) adult non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were divided in three groups (n=8) designated as Group A (normal control), Group B (arthritic control) and Group C (telmisartan group) & maintained on standard diet and water adlibitum. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in each rat of Groups B &C by a single intradermal injection of 0.5ml pristane at the base of its tail on day 0 and the disease developed in two weeks. All 3 groups were given distilled water 2.5 ml/kg from 2-4 weeks and Group C was additionally given dissolved telmisartan orally at 2 mg/kg/day. Anti-arthritic efficacy was determined by assessing arthrogram score and total leukocyte count on day 0, 14 and 28 along with histological examination done at the end of the study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Results: Healthy rats in group A maintained a unremarkable arthogram & histogram score & TLC count of 6675±350/?l during the entire study period. Telmisartan administration in Group C for two weeks after pristane induction resulted in significant reduction in arthrogram score (AS) 9.5±3.66, total leukocyte count (TLC) 7350±550/?l and histological score (HS) to 6.88±1.24 as compared to (AS) 14.50±2.07, WBC 10150±350/?L & (HS) 10.75±2.05 in Group B, left untreated with pristane alone. The intergroup comparison showed significant p value < 0.05 respectively. Conclusion: Anti-arthritic effect was shown by telmisartan as it was able to ameliorate the changes induced by pristane.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Shaping Systems and Two Ultrasonic Irrigation Devices in Removing Root Canal Filling Material from Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: A Micro CT Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Krikor Kaloustian ◽  
Walid Nehme ◽  
Claire El Hachem ◽  
Carla Zogheib ◽  
Nabil Ghosn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

We assessed the efficiency of two shaping file systems and two passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) devices for removing filling material during retreatment. The mesial canals from 44 extracted mandibular molars were prepared and obturated. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and then one group was retreated with Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 44) and the other group was retreated with 2Shape (TS, Micro Mega, Besançon, France) (n = 44). A micro-computed tomography (CT) scan was taken before and after the retreatment to assess the volume of the filling material remnants. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups to test two different PUI devices: Irrisafe (Satelec Acteon Group, Merignac, France) and Endo Ultra (Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI, USA). The teeth in Group A were retreated with 2Shape to test the Endo Ultra (n = 22) device, the teeth in Group B were retreated with 2Shape in order to test the Irrisafe (n = 22) device, the teeth in Group C were retreated with Reciproc to test the Endo Ultra (n = 22) device, and Group D was retreated with Reciproc to test the Irrisafe (n = 22) device. A third micro-CT scan was taken after the retreatment to test the PUIs. The percentage of Gutta-Percha (GP) and sealer removed was 94.75% for TS2 (p < 0.001) and 89.3% for R25 (p < 0.001). The PUI significantly enhanced the removal of the filling material by 0.76% for Group A (p < 0.001), 1.47% for Group B (p < 0.001), 2.61% for Group C (p < 0.001), and by 1.66% for Group D (p < 0.001). 2Shape was more effective at removing the GP and sealer during retreatment (p = 0.018). The supplementary approach with PUI significantly improved filling material removal, with no statistical difference between the four groups (p = 0.106).

scholarly journals Biomechanical Study of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screws in Intervertebral Fixation of Lumbar Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Wei Zhang ◽  
Shi-Yuan Shi ◽  
De-Xin Hu ◽  
Shen-Ping Hu ◽  
Jin-Ping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Screw Group

Abstract BackgroundWe aimed to explore the biomechanical stability and advantages of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws in the treatment of lumbar spine tuberculosis and provide biomechanical basis for the choice of clinical fixation methods. Methods16 pig spine specimens (T12-L5) were selected to simulate the lumbar spine(L2-L3) tuberculosis bone destruction model in vitro. The 16 specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups, and short segments (pedicle screws of the diseased vertebrae) were assigned respectively. Fixation (group A), short-segment fixation (group B), fixation with pedicle screw (group C), fixation with CBT screw (group D), 4 specimens in each group , Each specimen in each group was subjected to biomechanical testing in the state of complete specimen (state 1) and L2-3 spinal tuberculosis model bone graft fusion and internal fixation (state 2). Load each specimen on the spine 3D exercise machine, respectively apply moments of 2N·m, 2.5N·m, 1N·m, 3N·m, meanwhile record the movement of the specimens in the four directions of flexion，extension，lateral bending and torsion ROM, compare Simultaneously analyze each group of ROM. ResultsThe ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group A in state 1 and state 3 modes were （8.47±1.76）°、 （7.01±1.10）°、 （5.03±0.92）°、 （4.48±0.41）°and （4.78±0.07）°、 （2.91±0.16）°、 （2.66±0.09）°、 （2.23±0.05）°; the ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion in group B in state 1 and state 3 modes were （7.32±0.75）°、 （5.35±0.69）°、 （3.44±0.51）°、 （3.36±1.02）°and（3.51±0.29）°、 （1.74±0.04）°、 （1.53±0.31）°、 （1.23±0.08）°; The ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group C in state 1 and state 3 modes were （10.01±0.39）°、 （9.05±0.25）°、 （7.42±1.06）°、 （6.92±1.15）°and （7.21±0.17）°、 （5.07±0.02）°、 （5.12±0.74）°、 （4.58±0.01）°; The ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group D in state 1 and state 3 modes were （9.20±1.37）°、 （7.38±0.88）°、 （6.89±1.22）°、 （6.00±0.52）°and （6.06±0.16）°、 （3.99±0.02）°、 （3.85±0.08）°、 （3.47±0.10）°. The ROM value of each fixed mode group under the state of bone graft fusion and internal fixation was lower than that of the intact state, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05)，The t values are 4.531, 5.346, 6.008, 4.149; 9.481, 16.181, 11.814, 4.769; 4.349, 8.002, 4.473, 4.800; 5.041, 4.146, 12.232, 10.58. ConclusionCBT screw disease intervertebral fixation can not only provide sufficient mechanical stability, but also provide stronger stability when using the same fixed segment, and The fixed segments are minimized.

scholarly journals Comparison of functional outcome after open and closed reduction of mandibular subcondylar fracture

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samira Shabbir Balouch ◽  
Rana Sohail ◽  
Sadia Awais ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Warraich ◽  
Mir Ibrahim Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Subcondylar Fracture ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objective: To compare open reduction with internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with closed reduction in terms of adequate mouth opening. Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients who presented with unilateral subcondylar fractures. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group-A patients were treated with closed reduction and immobilisation and were discharged the same day, while Group-B patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation and retained in ward for 1 day. Both were recalled for periodic follow-ups, and were compared in terms of achieving adequate mouth opening. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 70 patients, 35(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group-A was 28.88±11.86 years compared to 28.22±10.80 years in Group-B (p>0.05). Mean mouth opening in  the two groups were consistently positive, and significant at the last two follow-ups(p<0.001). Conclusion: The difference in results of both treatment modalities was significant, indicating that open reduction and internal fixation should be the preferred treatment. Key Words: Mandibular sub-condylar fracture, Open reduction, Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Mouth opening.

scholarly journals A Modified Method to Treat Severe Asymptomatic Pre-existing Degeneration of Adjacent Segment: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinliang Zhang ◽  
Jinwen Zhu ◽  
Yibing Li ◽  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
Wenjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Adjacent Segment Degeneration ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Pre-existing degeneration of adjacent segment is an important risk factor for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), but limited and controversial studies have addressed its management.Methods: Patients with symptomatic degeneration of the L5/S1 segment warranting surgical interference and severe asymptomatic degeneration of the L4/5 segment were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, those who underwent interbody fusion in the causative (L5/S1) segment and distraction of the intervertebral space and facet fusion in the adjacent L4/5 segment were included as Group A (n=103). Patients who underwent interbody fusion in both L5/S1 and L4/5 segments were included as Group B (n=81). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated.Results: Mean follow-up was 58.5 months (range, 48-75 m). No significant difference in clinical outcomes or the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration in L3/4 segment was found between Groups A and B. Compared with Group B, less bleeding (315±84 vs. 532±105 ml), shorter operation time (107±34 vs. 158±55 min) and lower costs (13,830±2640 vs. 16,020±3380 US$) were found in Group A (P<0.05). In Group A, disc height ratio (DHR) of L4/5 segment was significantly increased from preoperative value of 0.40±0.13 to last follow-up value of 0.53±0.18 (P<0.05), while the degree of canal stenosis (DCS) was decreased from preoperative value of 34.3±11.2% to last follow-up value of 15.9±9.3% (P<0.05). Conclusions: This modified method could be effective in treating severe asymptomatic pre-existing degeneration of adjacent segment in lumbar spine.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Bridge-type ROI-C Interbody Fusion Cage System and Titanium Mesh Graft With Titanium Plate Fixation in 2-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Plating and Cage System: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangjun He ◽  
Zhangzhe Zhou ◽  
Xiaofeng Shao ◽  
Changhao Zhang ◽  
Xinfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bridge Type ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fusion Cage

Abstract Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and radioactive results of the bridge-type ROI-C interbody fusion cage (ROI-C) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating and cage system (ACDF) for cervical spondylopathy. Methods From January 2014 to January 2018, 45 patients undergoing ACDF were retrospectively analyzed, including 24 cases of ROI-C (group A) and 21 cases of ACDF (group B). The operation time, blood loss, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA), postoperative complications, imaging results including cervical Cobb angle and fusion were compared between groups. Results All patients were successfully treated with surgery, and no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, esophageal fistula, or hoarseness occurred after surgery. The operation time and blood loss in group A were lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, JOA score increased and NDI score decreased after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of dysphagia in group A was lower than that in group B at 1 month and 3 months after operation (P < 0.05), but the final follow-up results showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of dysphagia between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group A, the fusion rate was 83.3% 3 months after surgery and 100% at the last follow-up. The rate of adjacent level ossification development was 12.5%. In group B, the fusion rate was 85.7% 3 months after surgery and 100% at the last follow-up. The rate of adjacent level ossification development was 23.8%. Conclusion Both ROI-C and ACDF can achieve satisfactory results, but ROI-C has shorter operation time, less bleeding and lower incidence of dysphagia in the short term.

scholarly journals Penetration of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Deep Carious Lesions of Human Permanent Teeth: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jutharat Manuschai ◽  
Supitcha Talungchit ◽  
Supawadee Naorungroj
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Carious Lesion ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Deep Carious Lesions ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
Group B

Background. When silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used in conjunction with conservative caries removal in deep carious lesions, the distribution depth of silver is critical for safety and effectiveness. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of selected caries removal on silver penetration when 38% SDF is applied to deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Methods. Extracted permanent teeth with caries extending to the inner third of the dentin were used (N = 18). The periphery of the carious lesion was completely removed to the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). In group A (n = 9), no further removal of carious tissue was performed, leaving necrotic dentin inner to the DEJ, whereas in group B (n = 9) superficial necrotic dentin was completely removed until leathery, slightly moist, reasonably soft dentin remained. SDF was applied for 3 minutes in both groups. Microcomputer tomography (micro-CT) and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) were used to measure mineral density and silver distribution. The silver penetration depth/lesion depth (PD/LD) ratio was calculated for each sample. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between the two groups. Results. The micro-CT analysis showed that the PD/LD ratios of group B (1.07–2.29) were marginally greater than those of group A (1.00–1.31). However, a statistically significant difference was not observed ( p value = 0.5078). When stratified by remaining dentin thickness (RDT), the PD/LD ratios of group B were still greater than those of group A only when RDT was >500 µm. The FESEM-EDS analysis indicated that silver particles precipitated throughout the entire thickness of the carious lesions. Conclusion. Applying SDF on a deep carious lesion and leaving the necrotic dentin pulpally did not affect silver penetration. However, the extent to which silver penetrates the remaining dentin beneath the lesions is dependent on the amount and characteristics of that dentin.

scholarly journals Comparison study for internal and external modes of fixation for fractures of distal end radius

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripple Shah ◽  
Suril Shah ◽  
Aalok Shah ◽  
Sharvil Gajjar ◽  
Vijay Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point System ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Cast Immobilization ◽  
Intraarticular Fractures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Fractures of the distal radius continue to be one of the most common skeletal injuries. The methods which are commonly practiced are closed manipulation and plaster cast, pins and plaster, percutaneous pinning, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation with or without bone graft. Surgeons are increasingly faced with the dilemma of when to consider operative management and when cast immobilization is the optimal treatment.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">47 cases of distal end radius fractures were operated in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care centre. The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of external and internal fixation methods for the treatment of fractures of distal end of radius. Patients operated by external fixation were classified as Group A and those operated by internal fixation were classified as group B. Patients were classified according to AO Classification. Patients were followed at regular intervals depending on the case and time of operation and evaluated by Gartland and Werley score</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study, 29 patients were of extraarticular type, of which 86.20% had an excellent score and 18 patients were of intraarticular type, of which 83.33% had an excellent score. But when compared to groups A and B, the percentage of excellent score obtained in group B was more than that in group A in both extraarticular and intraarticular fractures. Yuan-kun et al did a study on intraarticular distal end radius fractures and evaluated the patients by Gartland and Werley point system, concluding that plating gives better results than external fixation supplemented by K wiring. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We concluded that no method of fixation can be said superior to the other. Each method has fracture-specific indication. The results of open reduction and internal fixation can be better than external fixation in initial months, but in the long run, both the methods can have excellent score, provided the fixation is good and properly indicated.</span></p>

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