scholarly journals Resistance and resilience to experimental gingivitis: a systematic scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charifa Zemouri ◽  
Nicholas S. Jakubovics ◽  
Wim Crielaard ◽  
Egija Zaura ◽  
Michael Dodds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Experimental Gingivitis ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Cystatin Sn ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Reporting Data

Abstract Background This systematic scoping review aimed to identify changes in biomarkers of microbiological, immunological and biochemical origin during experimental gingivitis (EG) studies that might indicate resistance and resilience. Methods The term ‘experimental gingivitis’ was run in PubMed from inception to April 11th, 2018. From the 411 studies retrieved, 22 studies were included for this review. Results Studies reporting data on biomarker changes during and after full mouth EG trial were included. Two studies reported findings on changes in biomarkers of microbiological, 12 on immunological and eight on biochemical origin. Changes were reported in the induction phase, and occasionally in the resolution phase. The microbiological composition of both supragingival and subgingival dental plaque changed over the course of EG to a more pathogenic direction, but showed a shift back to a more normal composition. This indicates resilience of the oral microbiome. For immunological biomarkers, it was challenging to retrieve a robust pattern of changes across multiple studies. IL-1β and IL-6 in saliva and in gingival crevicular fluid increased during induction phase and returned in the resolution phase below baseline values. The biochemical parameters cystatin-SN, cystatin-S and lactoferrin in saliva were increased at the end of induction phase, however also here no clear pattern emerged based on all available studies. Conclusions More research is needed to investigate which microbiological, immunological, and biochemical biomarkers can be useful for future investigations into the resistance and resilience of the oral cavity to experimental gingivitis.

Bioassay of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human gingival crevicular fluid during experimental gingivitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Kinane ◽  
F.P. Winstanley ◽  
E. Adonogianaki ◽  
N.A. Moughal
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Experimental Gingivitis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Current Update on Potential Clinical Applications of Oral Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Pandurangan Harikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Dentistry is a specialized medical field involving treatment of oro-facial diseases and also in the diagnosis of systemic diseases through oral manifestations. Advanced imaging and sensing tools are emerging for the diagnosis and monitoring of general health, in-particular the non-invasive testing methods are becoming popular. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid are evolving as potential alternative diagnostic biofluids. Hence, oral biosensors are emerging for applications like detecting changes in the oral microbiome, monitoring caries, periodontal disease, levels of biomolecules, loading forces during orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement etc. This review discloses the current literature in the applications of oral sensors in oral and systemic diagnostics, monitoring and therapy.

scholarly journals Subgingival Microbiome Colonization and Cytokine Production during Early Dental Implant Healing

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Payne ◽  
Paul G. Johnson ◽  
Car Reen Kok ◽  
João C. Gomes-Neto ◽  
Amanda E. Ramer-Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Early Healing

ABSTRACT Little is known about longitudinal development of the peri-implant subgingival microbiome and cytokine production as a new sulcus forms after dental implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to evaluate simultaneous longitudinal changes in the oral microbiome and cytokine production in the developing peri-implant sulcus compared to control natural teeth. Four and 12 weeks after implant placement and abutment connection, a dental implant and a natural tooth were sampled in 25 patients for subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF [around teeth] and peri-implant crevicular fluid [PICF] around implants). DNA from plaque samples was extracted and sequenced using Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing. GCF and PICF samples were analyzed using a customized Milliplex human cytokine and chemokine magnetic bead panel. Beta diversity analysis revealed that natural teeth and implants had similar subgingival microbiomes, while teeth had greater alpha diversity than implants. At the genus level, however, few differences were noted between teeth and dental implants over 12 weeks. Specifically, Actinomyces and Selenomonas were significantly elevated around teeth versus dental implants at both 4 weeks and 12 weeks, while Corynebacterium and Campylobacter were significantly elevated only at 4 weeks around teeth. The only difference between PICF and GCF biomarkers was significantly elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels around teeth versus dental implants at the 4-week visit. The subgingival microbiome and cytokine production were similar between teeth and implants during early healing, suggesting that these profiles are driven by the patient following dental implant placement and are not determined by anatomical niche. IMPORTANCE Dental implants are a common treatment option offered to patients for tooth replacement. However, little is known regarding initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and simultaneous longitudinal cytokine production in humans during the early healing phase following implant placement. We report findings from an in vivo study that assessed initial colonization of the subgingival microbiome and concomitant early cytokine production in a newly formed anatomical space, namely, an implant sulcus. This approach may be useful in future interventional studies to influence dental implant success. Our data showed that the subgingival microbiome and cytokine profile were similar for control natural teeth and dental implants at both 4 and 12 weeks after implant placement. These data suggest that these profiles are driven by the patient and not by anatomical location (i.e., tooth versus dental implant).

Granulocyte medullasin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic adult periodontitis patients and experimental gingivitis subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Kunimatsu ◽  
Eiji Ichimaru ◽  
lhachi Kato ◽  
Yuzo Kato ◽  
Yasutaka Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Experimental Gingivitis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid
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