scholarly journals Individual and familial factors associated with caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident in a semi-urban community in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Nneka Maureen Chukwumah ◽  
Michael Alade ◽  
Olakunle Oginni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

Abstract Objectives We describe the prevalence, and individual and familial risk indicators for dental caries and gingivitis among 10–19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data through household surveys conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents were recruited through multistage sampling. Oral health outcomes were caries, measured by the ‘Decayed, Missing due to caries, and Filled Teeth’ (DMFT) index, and gingivitis, measured by the Loe and Silness gingival index. Explanatory variables were individual (sex, age, oral health perception) and familial (socioeconomic status, birth rank, family size and parental living status) factors. Oral health behaviors (daily tooth-brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, consuming refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental floss, dental service utilization in past 12 months, and smoking habits) were treated as confounders. Poisson regression models with robust estimation were constructed to determine associations between explanatory factors and oral health outcomes. Results A total of 1472 adolescents were surveyed. Caries prevalence was 3.4%, with mean (standard deviation) DMFT of 0.06 (0.36) and plaque index of 0.84 (0.56). Only 128 (8.7%) adolescents brushed their teeth twice daily, 192 (16.1%) used dental floss daily, 14 (1.1%) utilized dental services in the last 12 months, and 508 (36.1%) consumed refined carbohydrates in-between meals less than once daily. The proportion of respondents who currently smoked cigarettes was 1.6%, and 91.7% of respondents used fluoridated toothpaste daily. The adjusted prevalence ratio of having caries increased by 18% for every additional age-year (APR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.004, 1.34). Additionally, participants with high socioeconomic status had significantly lower prevalence of caries compared to those with lower status (APR: 0.40; 95% CI 0.17, 0.91). Moderate/severe gingivitis was significantly associated with higher frequency of consuming refined carbohydrates in-between meals (APR: 2.33; 95% CI 1.36, 3.99) and higher plaque index scores (APR: 16.24; 95% CI 9.83, 26.82). Conclusion Caries prevalence increased with increasing age and was higher among Nigerian adolescents with low socioeconomic status, while moderate/severe gingivitis was associated with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates and higher plaque index score. While behavioral interventions may reduce the risk of gingivitis, structural interventions may be needed to reduce the risk for caries in this population.

scholarly journals Associations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Nneka Maureen Chukwumah ◽  
Michael Alade ◽  
Boladale Mapayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

Abstract Objective None of the past studies that had showed a linked between oral and mental health among adolescents was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gingivitis and depression among adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old were identified using multistage sampling. The study outcome measure was gingivitis, measured by the Löe and Silness gingival index. The explanatory variable was depression, measured by the Patient Health Questionnair. Confounders considered were age, sex, socioeconomic status, frequency of daily tooth brushing, oral hygiene status (measured by the plaque index), consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental floss, and history of dental service utilization in the past 12 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine risk indicators for moderate/severe gingivitis. Additionally, modification of associations between dependent variables and the significant risk indicators of depression was assessed. Results Mean plaque index for the 1,087 adolescent participants enrolled in the study was 0.80. We found a prevalence of 8.5% for moderate/severe gingivitis and 7.9% for depression. In adjusted regression, there were significant associations between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14, 3.28) and plaque index (OR 16.56, 95% CI 10.03, 27.33). Depression also significantly modified the association between plaque index and the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis (P < 0.0001), with a stronger association observed with mild depression (OR 24.75, 95% CI 3.33, 184.00) compared with no depression (OR 15.47, 95% CI 9.31, 25.69), with no significant modification for the association with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates (P = 0.06). Conclusion Although there was no significant association between gingivitis and depression among our adolescent Nigerian cohort, depression significantly modified the association between plaque index score and moderate/severe gingivitis.

scholarly journals Correction to: Providing dental insurance can positively impact oral health outcomes in Ontario

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Zivkovic ◽  
Musfer Aldossri ◽  
Noha Gomaa ◽  
Julie W. Farmer ◽  
Sonica Singhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dental Insurance ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of peer density in the self-reported oral health outcomes of older adults: A kernel density based approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Widener ◽  
Sara S. Metcalf ◽  
Mary E. Northridge ◽  
Bibhas Chakraborty ◽  
Stephen M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
The Self ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110356
Author(s):  
D.J. Gaskin ◽  
H. Zare ◽  
R. McCleary ◽  
O. Kanwar ◽  
A.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dental Needs

Objective: To identify predictors of unmet dental needs for adults 18 y of age or older in the United States. Method: Using the Aday and Andersen framework and data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we ran logistic regression to estimate predictors for adults of not having a dental visit within 5 y and having lost any teeth using a national sample of 155,060 survey respondents. Results: Results showed that predisposing factors (age, race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment) and enabling factors (income and health insurance status) are important predictors for losing teeth due to decay or gum disease. Men, the elderly, and less educated and low-income residents were less likely to have seen a dentist within the past 5 y and more likely to have lost their permanent teeth. Compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanics adults were more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Unmet dental needs varied across states. People living in states with extensive Medicaid dental care benefit coverage were less likely to lose their teeth and more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Conclusion: Efforts to improve oral health should address unmet dental needs of men and adults with low socioeconomic status. Studying the variation between state oral health care programs could further our understanding of how public policy can improve population oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Men, non-Hispanic Blacks, mixed and other race minorities, and low socioeconomic status adults are most at risk of unmet dental needs. States can address these needs by expanding Medicaid coverage for adults.

scholarly journals Color/race inequalities in oral health among Brazilian adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Bastos ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Antonio Carlos Frias ◽  
Maria da Luz Rosário de Souza ◽  
Karen Glazer Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

This study assessed oral health outcomes (perceived dental treatment need, untreated dental caries, gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and pain in teeth and gums), in relation to color/race inequalities among adolescents in each Brazilian region. The database included dental examination and interview of 16,833 15-19-year-old adolescents, surveyed by the Brazilian health authority, from May 2002 to October 2003, in accordance with international diagnostic criteria standardized by the World Health Organization. Prevalence ratios estimated by Poisson regression, and controlled by socioeconomic status and access to fluoridated piped water, assessed oral health differentials among color/race groups and country's regions. Except for periodontal pockets, prevalence figures were higher in the North and Northeast: perceived dental treatment needs, untreated dental caries, gingival bleeding at probing and pain in teeth and gums varied between 80-83%, 75-76%, 38-43%, and 17-18%, respectively, in these regions. Adolescents living in the Southeast - the richest Brazilian region - presented a better general profile of oral health than their counterparts living in the remaining regions; they had a lower prevalence of untreated dental caries (54%) and unfavorable gingival status (29%). However, the Southeast presented color/race inequalities in all oral health outcomes, with a poorer profile systematically affecting browns or blacks, depending on the oral health condition under consideration. These results reinforce the need for expanding the amplitude of health initiatives aimed at adolescent oral health. Socially appropriate health programs should concurrently aim at the reduction of levels of oral disease and its inequalities.

scholarly journals Oral health inequality in people with severe mental illness: a cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Kang ◽  
Jianhua Wu ◽  
Vishal Aggarwal ◽  
David Shiers ◽  
Tim Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

AbstractOBJECTIVETo explore whether people with severe mental illness (SMI) experience worse oral health compared to the general population, and the risk factors for poor oral health in people with SMI.METHODThis study used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016) including on self-rated oral health, ache in mouth, tooth loss, periodontitis stage, and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Candidate risk factors for poor oral health included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical health comorbidities, and dental hygiene behaviours. The authors used ordinal logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models to explore predictors of oral health outcomes.RESULTS53,348 cases were included in the analysis, including 718 people with SMI. In the fully adjusted model, people with SMI were more likely to suffer from tooth loss (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.75). In people with SMI, the risk factors identified for poor oral health outcomes were older age, white ethnicity, lower income, smoking history, and diabetes. Engaging in physical activity and daily use of dental floss were associated with better oral health outcomes.CONCLUSIONSPeople with SMI experience higher rates of tooth loss than the general population, and certain subgroups are particularly at risk. Having a healthy lifestyle such as performing regular physical exercise and flossing may lower the risk of poor oral health. These findings suggest opportunities for targeted prevention and early intervention strategies to mitigate adverse oral health outcomes.Significant outcomes (x3)People with severe mental illness were at 40% higher risk of tooth loss when compared to the general population.Older adults, smokers and people with diabetes were at particularly high risk of poor oral health.Physical exercise and daily use of dental floss were associated with better oral health outcomes.Limitations (x3)The number of cases with data on periodontal disease was limited.The study was cross-sectional so causation could not be inferred.The analysis used prescriptions of antipsychotic and mood stabilising medication as a proxy measure of severe mental illness, as clinical diagnoses were not available in the dataset.Data availability statementThe NHANES 1999-2016 data is available at CDC website: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm, and is accessible and free to download for everyone.

scholarly journals Patients record systems: effects on dental practice and patient oral health outcomes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Nasser ◽  
Zbys Fedorowicz ◽  
Tim Newton ◽  
Chris Van Weel ◽  
Jaap J van Binsbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes
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