scholarly journals Bayesian network-based missing mechanism identification (BN-MMI) method in medical research

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan Yue ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Traditional approaches to identify missing mechanisms are usually based on the hypothesis test and confronted with both theoretical and practical challenges. It has been proved that the Bayesian network is powerful in integrating, analyzing and visualizing information, and some previous researches have verified the promising features of Bayesian network to deal with the aforementioned challenges in missing mechanism identification. Based on the above reasons, this paper explores the application of Bayesian network to the identification of missing mechanisms for the first time, and proposes a new method, the Bayesian network-based missing mechanism identification (BN-MMI) method, to identify missing mechanism in medical research. Methods The procedure of BN-MMI method consists three easy-to-implement steps: estimating the missing data structure by the Bayesian network; assessing the credibility of the estimated missing data structure; and identifying the missing mechanism from the estimated missing data structure. The BN-MMI method is verified by simulation research and empirical research. Results The simulation study verified the validity, consistency and robustness of BN-MMI method, and indicated its outperformance in contrast to the traditional logistic regression method. In addition, the empirical study illustrated the applicability of BN-MMI method in the real world by an example of medical record data. Conclusions It was confirmed that the BN-MMI method itself, together with human knowledge and expertise, could identify the missing mechanisms according to the probabilistic dependence/independence relations among variables of interest. At the same time, our research shed light upon the potential application of BN-MMI method to a broader range of missing data issues in medical studies.

Missing Data - Better "Not to Have Them", but What If You Do? (Part 1)

Marketing ZFP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Dirk Temme ◽  
Sarah Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Missing values are ubiquitous in empirical marketing research. If missing data are not dealt with properly, this can lead to a loss of statistical power and distorted parameter estimates. While traditional approaches for handling missing data (e.g., listwise deletion) are still widely used, researchers can nowadays choose among various advanced techniques such as multiple imputation analysis or full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Due to the available software, using these modern missing data methods does not pose a major obstacle. Still, their application requires a sound understanding of the prerequisites and limitations of these methods as well as a deeper understanding of the processes that have led to missing values in an empirical study. This article is Part 1 and first introduces Rubin’s classical definition of missing data mechanisms and an alternative, variable-based taxonomy, which provides a graphical representation. Secondly, a selection of visualization tools available in different R packages for the description and exploration of missing data structures is presented.

Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
A. S. Bik-Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

[I] ‘did write this Wyll with my own hand’

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markidou
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Early Modern London ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

This article attempts for the first time to shed light on the politics of simulation and dissimulation in Isabella Whitney’s ‘Wyll and Testament’. It also argues that the poem both reflects its creator’s awareness of the celebrated English historical and topographical narratives and deviates from them by crucially omitting a seminal part of London’s history, namely its Troynovant tradition. In so doing, as well as by defining a paradoxical urban landscape, Whitney presents a tale not of the (mythic) founding of the English capital with its patriarchal and nation-building connotations, but of its (satiric) bequeathal by benevolent femininity, as such offering its reader a different angle from which to explore and interpret early modern London.

scholarly journals Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study − how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Koverola ◽  
Marianna Drosinou ◽  
Jussi Palomäki ◽  
Juho Halonen ◽  
Anton Kunnari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
Monogamous Relationship ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe idea of sex with robots seems to fascinate the general public, raising both enthusiasm and revulsion. We ran two experimental studies (Ns = 172 and 260) where we compared people’s reactions to variants of stories about a person visiting a bordello. Our results show that paying for the services of a sex robot is condemned less harshly than paying for the services of a human sex worker, especially if the payer is married. We have for the first time experimentally confirmed that people are somewhat unsure about whether using a sex robot while in a committed monogamous relationship should be considered as infidelity. We also shed light on the psychological factors influencing attitudes toward sex robots, including disgust sensitivity and interest in science fiction. Our results indicate that sex with a robot is indeed genuinely considered as sex, and a sex robot is genuinely seen as a robot; thus, we show that standard research methods on sexuality and robotics are also applicable in research on sex robotics.

Proactive Quality Control: Observing System Simulation Experiments with the Lorenz ’96 Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-Chun Chen ◽  
Eugenia Kalnay
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Kalman Gain ◽  
Lorenz 96 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Proactive quality control (PQC) is a fully flow-dependent QC for observations based on the ensemble forecast sensitivity to observations technique (EFSO). It aims at reducing the forecast skill dropout events suffered in operational numerical weather prediction by rejecting observations identified as detrimental by EFSO. Past studies show that individual dropout cases from the Global Forecast System (GFS) were significantly improved by noncycling PQC. In this paper, we perform for the first time cycling PQC experiments in a controlled environment with the Lorenz model to provide a systematic testing of the new method and possibly shed light on the optimal configuration of operational implementation. We compare several configurations and PQC update methods. It is found that PQC improvement is insensitive to the suboptimal configurations in DA, including ensemble size, observing network size, model error, and the length of DA window, but the improvements increase with the flaws in observations. More importantly, we show that PQC improves the analysis and forecast even in the absence of flawed observations. The study reveals that reusing the exact same Kalman gain matrix for PQC update not only provides the best result but requires the lowest computational cost among all the tested methods.

scholarly journals «Raccogliere, pubblicare, illustrare carte». Editori ed edizioni di documenti medievali in Lombardia tra Otto e Novecento

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Studies ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Italian Unification ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Shed Light

A long Eighteenth Century, in continuity with the erudite tradition and the editorial method of Muratori, and a very brief Nineteenth Century, between the first decade after Italian Unification and the eve of the Great War, when a new and (at last) professional generation of scholars (Bonelli, Vittani, Torelli, Manaresi) brought a sweeping change in the field of palaeographic and diplomatic researches and of publications of medieval legal documents: these two are the coordinates (conceptual earlier than chronological) of the present monography, that for the first time deals in a historiographical perspective with a crucial season of Medieval studies in Lombardy, concentrating upon careers, projects and works of its protagonists. The focus is on the editors and editions of charters, but around them we find many other individuals and institutions of the regional and national cultural scene. The Leitmotiv is the delineation of a modern philogical method in the editions of Lombard sources, but the wider context is represented by more general (and stronger, and ideologically characterised) themes of Medieval Studies before and after the national Unification of Italy: the problems of Lombard legacy, the myth of communal age in the Risorgimento culture, the Visconti-Sforza state identity. Finally, this study about editors and editions of medieval charters in Lombardy allows to shed light on the organization of regional historical research, within an intense (and not always simple) dialogue between the hegemonic Milanese capital and the proud local traditions of the other towns and provinces.

Browning's Knowledge of Music

PMLA ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099
Author(s):  
Herbert Eveleth Greene
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Robert Browning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Casual Reader ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

That Robert Browning, the poet, possessed wide and multifarious learning is evident to a casual reader of his poems. The careful reader is impressed by the range and extent of his learning which includes much of what is called hole-in-the-corner knowledge, a familiarity with out-of-the-way topics and incidents that few readers possess. The scholarship of the past two decades has begun to give us a good deal of knowledge upon the nature of Browning's learning, and we are in a fair position now to estimate how much of the poet's knowledge was systematic and well-ordered, and how much of it was haphazard and based upon a following-up of this or that temporary interest. The letter which is the heart of this paper and which is published for the first time below will shed light upon this problem in an area in which Browning's training was probably most systematic.

Nothing Absolute

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Theology ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Point Of Reference

Staging for the first time in extant scholarship a rigorous encounter between German thought from Kant to Marx and new forms of political theology, this ground-breaking volume puts forward a distinct and powerful framework for understanding the continuing relevance of political theology today as well as the conceptual and genealogical importance of German Idealism for its present and future. Against traditional approaches that view German Idealism as essentially a secularizing movement, this volume approaches it as the first speculative articulation of the political-theological problematic in the aftermath of the Enlightenment and the advent of secularity. Via a set of innovative readings and critiques, the volume investigates anew such concepts as immanence, utopia, sovereignty, mediation, indifference, the earth, the absolute, or the world, bringing German Idealism and Romanticism into dialogue with contemporary investigations of the (Christian-)modern forms of transcendence, domination, exclusion, and world-justification. Over the course of the volume, post-Kantian German thought emerges as a crucial phase in the genealogy of political theology and an important point of reference for the ongoing reassessment of modernity and secularity. As a result, this volume not only rethinks the philosophical trajectory of German Idealism and its aftermath from a political-theological perspective, but also demonstrates what can be done with (or against) German Idealism using the conceptual resources of political theology today.

Patterns of Locomotor Drive to Motoneurons and Last-Order Interneurons: Clues to the Structure of the CPG

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Burke ◽  
A. M. Degtyarenko ◽  
E. S. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Fictive Locomotion ◽  
Cutaneous Reflex ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

We have examined the linkage between patterns of activity in several hindlimb motor pools and the modulation of oligosynaptic cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in decerebrate unanesthetized cats to assess the notion that such linkages can shed light on the structure of the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. We have concentrated attention on the cutaneous reflex pathways that project to the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motor pool because of that muscle's unique variable behavior during normal and fictive locomotion in the cat. Differential locomotor control of last-order excitatory interneurons in pathways from low-threshold cutaneous afferents in the superficial peroneal and medial plantar afferents to FDL motoneurons is fully documented for the first time. The qualitative patterns of differential control are shown to remain the same whether the FDL muscle is active in early flexion, as usually found, or during the extension phase of fictive locomotion, which is less common during fictive stepping. The patterns of motor pool activity and of reflex pathway modulation indicate that the flexion phase of fictive locomotion has distinct early versus late components. Observations during “normal” and unusual patterns of fictive stepping suggest that some aspects of locomotor pattern formation can be separated from rhythm generation, implying that these two CPG functions may be embodied, at least in part, in distinct neural organizations. The results are discussed in relation to a provisional circuit diagram that could explain the experimental findings.

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