scholarly journals What resources do elderly people choose for managing their symptoms? Clarification of rural older people’s choices of help-seeking behaviors in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Ohta ◽  
Mikiya Sato ◽  
Yoshinori Ryu ◽  
Jun Kitayuguchi ◽  
Tetsuhiro Maeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Lay Care ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Appropriate help-seeking behavior (HSB) that involves lay and professional care may moderate the usage of medical resources and promote good health, especially among the rural elderly. However, there is little evidence regarding the rural elderly’s HSB choices for mild symptoms. Therefore, this study attempts to bridge this gap. Methods The participants were patients living in rural areas and over the age of 65, who attended Japanese clinics and general hospitals. In Phase 1, monthly diaries and one-on-one interviews about their mild symptoms and HSB were used to establish HSB items and assess its content validity. Content analysis helped determine the items. In Phase 2, participants were asked to complete the list to measure HSB. The answers to the list and HSB mentioned in the diaries were compared to evaluate concurrent validity. Retests were conducted to examine the content’s reliability and test-retest reliability. Results Phase 1 included 267 participants (average age = 75.1 years, standard deviation [SD] = 4.3; 50.1% male). The diary collection rate was 97.6%. Of the participants, 70.4% used lay care and 25.4% used professional care. Content analysis identified eight types of lay care and four types of professional care. Phase 2 included 315 participants (average age = 77.7 years, SD = 8.27; 46.0% male). In terms of validity, the results of the list and the diaries were correlated (Spearman r 0.704; p < 0.001). The most common behavior with mild symptoms was consulting with primary care physicians, followed by self-care and using home medicine. The test-retest reliability for mild symptoms found kappa values of 0.836 for lay care and 0.808 for professional care. Conclusions The choices of HSB for mild symptoms clarified identified in this study have high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to assess the relationships between HSB and health conditions and the effectiveness of health promotion on rural older people’s HSB.

scholarly journals What resources do elderly people choose for managing their symptoms? Clarification of rural older people’s choices of help-seeking behaviors in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Ohta ◽  
Mikiya Sato ◽  
Yoshinori Ryu ◽  
Jun Kitayuguchi ◽  
Tetsuhiro Maeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Lay Care ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Appropriate help-seeking behavior (HSB) that involves lay and professional care may moderate the usage of medical resources and promote good health, especially among the rural elderly. However, there is little evidence regarding the rural elderly’s HSB choices for mild symptoms. Therefore, this study attempts to bridge this gap. Methods The participants were patients living in rural areas and over the age of 65, who attended Japanese clinics and general hospitals. In Phase 1, monthly diaries and one-on-one interviews about their mild symptoms and HSB were used to establish checklist items and assess content validity. Content analysis helped determine the items. In Phase 2, participants were asked to complete the checklist to measure HSB. The checklist answers and HSB mentioned in the diaries were compared to evaluate construct validity. Retests were conducted to examine the content’s reliability and test-retest reliability. Results Phase 1 included 267 participants (average age = 75.1 years, standard deviation [SD] = 4.3; 50.1% male). The diary collection rate was 97.6%. Of the participants, 70.4% used lay care and 25.4% used professional care. Content analysis identified eight types of lay care and four types of professional care. Phase 2 included 315 participants (average age = 77.7 years, SD = 8.27; 46.0% male). In terms of validity, the results of the checklists and the diaries were correlated (Spearman p 0.704; p < 0.001). The most common behavior with mild symptoms was consulting with primary care physicians, followed by self-care and using home medicine. The test-retest reliability for mild symptoms found kappa values of 0.836 for lay care and 0.808 for professional care. Conclusions The list of rural older people’s choices of HSB for mild symptoms had high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to assess the relationships between HSB and health conditions and the effectiveness of health promotion on HSB among rural elderly people.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the RACER (Readiness for Adult Care in Rheumatology) transition instrument in youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Spiegel ◽  
Lori Tucker ◽  
Karen Watanabe Duffy ◽  
Chitra Lalloo ◽  
Amos Hundert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Phase 1B ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Current evidence suggests that many adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) do not successfully transfer to adult care, which can result in adverse health outcomes. Although a growing number of clinical programs have been designed to support healthcare transition, there is a lack of psychometrically sound instruments to evaluate their impact on development of transition-related knowledge and skills in youth with JIA. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate RACER (Readiness for Adult Care in Rheumatology), a self-administered instrument designed to measure stages of readiness for key transition-related skills in adolescents with JIA. Methods A phased approach was used to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of RACER. Phase 1 A was a consensus conference with 19 key stakeholders to inform instrument domains and items. Phase 1B determined initial content validity using a sample of 30 adolescents with JIA and 15 clinical and research experts. Finally, Phase 2 was a prospective cohort study with repeated measures to evaluate the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the instrument within a sample of adolescents with JIA. Results In Phase 1 A, initial item generation yielded a total of 242 items across six domains from the consensus conference, which was subsequently reduced to a 32-item instrument. Phase 1B established the content validity of the instrument in adolescents with JIA. In the Phase 2 study, with a sample of 96 adolescents, the RACER instrument exhibited good internal consistency in five of its six subscales (Cronbach’s α > 0.7), and strong test-retest reliability between the first two administrations (ICC = 0.83). It also showed robust convergent validity by highly correlating with measures of self-management (SMSAG, rho = 0.73) and transition (TRANSITION-Q, rho = 0.76). The RACER was not correlated with unrelated measures (discriminant validity; PedsQL, rho = 0.14). The RACER scores increased significantly over time as expected, supporting measure responsiveness. Conclusions The RACER is a reliable and valid instrument which is sensitive to change for assessing transition readiness in adolescents with JIA.

scholarly journals Translation and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17) in French-speaking Canadian children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Isabelle Frappier ◽  
Raphaëlle Jacob ◽  
Shirin Panahi ◽  
David Larose ◽  
Eleanor J Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Objective: To translate and validate the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17), assessing cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE), among French-speaking Canadian young individuals. Design: Phase 1 comprised a translation and the evaluation of the comprehension of the questionnaire. Phase 2 comprised a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the evaluation of internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺), test-retest reliability [Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)] and construct validity, including correlations among the CTFEQr17 and EAT-26, anthropometrics, dietary intake and diet quality. Setting: Primary and secondary schools, Québec City, Canada. Participants: Phases 1 and 2 included 20 [40% boys, mean age 11.5 (SD 2.4) years] and 145 [48% boys, mean age 11.0 (SD 1.9) years] participants, respectively. Results: Phase 1 resulted in the questionnaire to be used in Phase 2. In Phase 2, the CFA revealed that the 17-item, three-factor model (CTFEQr17) provided an excellent fit. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s ⍺: 0.81-0.90). Test-retest reliability was moderate to good [ICC = 0.59, 95% CI (0.48-0.70), ICC = 0.78, 95% CI (0.70-0.84), ICC = 0.50, 95% CI (0.38-0.62) for CR, UE and EE respectively]. CR correlated with EAT-26 score (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001). UE and EE correlated negatively with BMI z-scores (r = −0.26, P = 0.003; r = −0.19, P = 0.03, respectively). CR correlated with the proportion of energy intake from protein and diet quality (r = 0.18, P = 0.04; r = 0.20, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The CTFEQr17 is suitable to use among French-speaking Canadian young individuals.

scholarly journals Positioning Strategies of Indian Nonprofit Organizations for Grant Acquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debadutta Panda
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Model Phase

This study examines (1) how grant-seeking nonprofit organizations (NPOs) position themselves and (2) whether the positioning of NPOs has any connection with their grant acquisition. A content analysis of 100 websites of Indian NPOs (phase 1) helped in generating 9 hypotheses. Furthermore, 380 websites of Indian NPOs were studied using a statistical model (phase 2). NPOs were found with two different positioning strategies: (1) reliability positioning and (2) customer orientation positioning. The reliability positioning elements were recognition, transparency, collaboration, and resources. The customer orientation positioning elements were length of service, geographic spread, service variety, depth of service, and service impact. Recognition, transparency, collaboration, resources, and service variety positively and significantly influenced NPOs’ grant acquisition, and length of service and geographic spread negatively and significantly influenced NPOs’ grant acquisition.

What is a Child? Exploring Conceptualization of Pakistani Adolescents About Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Azher Hameed Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Two Phases

This study aimed to investigate the responses of university students (late adolescents) about their conceptualization of a child, exploring the characteristics they associate with being a child. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, responses to one open-ended question, what is a child? (N=75), were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In phase 2, students (N=90) filled in an online closed-ended survey that was derived from the subthemes that emerged from the qualitative data collected in phase 1. Findings revealed multiple interconnected aspects of the conceptualization of the child, making it a complex whole. This study is helpful for understanding the concept of the child grounded in various theoretical and mythological categories that portray the complexities of existing dichotomies that often come up as interconnected in traditional societies.

scholarly journals Free Neurocognitive Screening Initiative: An Opportunity to Address Health Disparities and Promote Cultural Competence in Northcentral Florida

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294-1294
Author(s):  
P Amofa Sr. ◽  
F Arias ◽  
E Trifilio ◽  
J Belser-Ehrlich ◽  
B Rohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Alachua County

Abstract Objective The risk for cognitive impairment is greater in individuals with low SES and limited education. In rural areas, distance and economic concerns preclude individuals from accessing care. In Alachua County, 23% of residents live below poverty and 16% are uninsured. The Neurocognitive Screening Initiative (NSI) attempts to reduce disparities in Alachua by offering free neurocognitive screening. NSI also aspires to promote cultural competence through unique training opportunities for clinical neuropsychology doctoral students. Method Patients learned about NSI through flyers, word of mouth, or referrals. Appointments include a clinical interview, cognitive testing, and mood questionnaires. Patients receive feedback, brain health recommendations, and referrals to community resources. Phase 1 began in November 2017 and involved selection of appropriate cognitive measures, development and dissemination of advertising materials, identification of resources, and trainee recruitment. From February 2018 to August 2018, phase 2 involved administration of cognitive screeners. Phase 3 involved continued provision of clinical services, expansion of the NSI team and increased culturally relevant outreach. Outcomes NSI’s greatest challenge is recruitment of the appropriate demographic. Since phase 2, we have evaluated 10 patients with diverse racial, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics. NSI has recruited an ethnoracially diverse cohort of trainees comprised of 4 graduate students and 2 postdoctoral fellows supervised by a clinical neuropsychologist. Discussion Efforts to provide services to marginalized individuals have uncovered challenges in attracting patients who might benefit from these services. NSI is forging community partnerships with churches, libraries, and local organizations to reach the targeted audience. Via weekly meetings, participation in community events/outreach, and clinical work, NSI provides unique training for emerging neuropsychologists.

scholarly journals Development and feasibility of a modified Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment for telerehabilitation: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Peters ◽  
Marcela Botero ◽  
Allison Evers ◽  
Brianna Fong ◽  
Botond Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Face To Face

Abstract Background The majority of stroke survivors experience motor impairment which benefits from rehabilitation treatment. Telerehabilitation, remote delivery of rehabilitation services, is a possible solution providing access to rehabilitation for stroke survivors living in rural areas or in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic where face-to-face treatment may be risky. However, valid and reliable motor impairment measures have not yet been established over a telerehabilitation platform. The Fugl-Meyer (FM) lower extremity assessment is widely used clinically and in research. Thus, the aim was to develop a modified FM for telerehabilitation (FM-tele) and assess the feasibility and preliminary agreement of FM-tele scores with the FM. Methods Three phases were employed: phase 1 development, phase 2 feasibility, and phase 3 preliminary agreement. Literature review and consultation with clinicians were employed to develop the FM-tele. Community-dwelling individuals with stroke and FM evaluators were consulted to provide feedback via questionnaires on the feasibility of the FM-tele. To assess the preliminary agreement of the FM-tele, individuals with stroke participated in two sessions, one in-person and one via telerehabilitation. The standard version of the FM was administered during the in-person session. The FM-tele was administered in both sessions. Results From phase 1, clinician consultation identified the following key principles: safety of the client, clear lower extremity visualization, and minimization of position changes which guided FM-tele development (n = 7). Feasibility was established in phase 2 where participants with stroke indicated that they felt safe and experienced ease following the standardized instructions, despite some technological concerns (n = 5). FM evaluators agreed that participants were safe and indicated effective standardized instructions. Phase 3 (n = 5) indicated preliminary agreement of the FM-tele compared with the FM. Conclusions Participants with stroke and clinical consultation indicated the FM-tele developed for telerehabilitation is feasible. A lower extremity motor assessment tool for telerehabilitation is urgently needed for stroke survivors living in rural areas or when face-to-face visits are impossible. This pilot study provides preliminary support for a future study.

scholarly journals Validation of the Malay Mental Help Seeking Attitude Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

There is a rise in the incidence and prevalence of mental distress among Malaysians. However, the rate of mental health service utilization is low. As mental help-seeking attitude is a strong predictor for seeking mental health treatment, it is important to validate a feasible and psychometrically sound instrument in the Malaysian context. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a recently developed help-seeking attitude scale, the Mental Help Seeking Attitude Scale (MHSAS) among Malaysian youth. A total of 261 students from a secondary school (n=127) and a university (n=134) from the Klang Valley, Malaysia participated in this study. They were self-administered the 9-item Malay MHSAS along with the General Help-seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) and Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH). Retest of the MHSAS was conducted with 47 students three months later. Factor analysis was employed to evaluate construct validity, while concurrent validity was determined through bivariate correlation with the SSOSH and GHSQ scales. Paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate test-retest reliability. The single dimensionality of the MHSAS’s original version was supported. Factor loadings ranged from .636 to .799, and inter-item correlation ranged from .547 to .726. Results revealed high internal consistency and test-retest reliability was confirmed. The scale also demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity when compared with the GHSQ and SSOSH. The Malay version of the MHSAS demonstrated good psychometric properties to measure help-seeking attitudes in the Malaysian youth population.

scholarly journals Identification and comparison of key criteria of feedback of funding decisions: mixed-methods analysis of funder and applicant perspectives

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048979
Author(s):  
Kathryn Fackrell ◽  
Katie Meadmore ◽  
Alejandra Recio-Saucedo ◽  
Abby Bull ◽  
Simon Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveThis study investigated the content, quality and value of feedback given to applicants who applied to one of four research programmes in the UK funded (or jointly funded) by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).MethodsA mixed-method phased approach was conducted using document analysis and an online survey. Phase 1 examined 114 NIHR applicant feedback documents comprised written feedback from funding committees and external peer-reviewers and a conceptual framework of the key components of feedback was developed using content analysis. Phase 2 was an online survey completed by 113 NIHR applicants. Frequencies of responses to closed questions were calculated. Perceptions of quality and value of feedback were identified using content analysis of open-text responses.ResultsIn phase 1, a conceptual framework was developed with seven overarching categories: ‘Study structure and quality’; ‘Team and infrastructure’; ‘Acceptability to patients and professionals’; ‘Study justification and design’; ‘Risks and contingencies’; ‘Outputs’; ‘Value for money’. A higher frequency of feedback was provided at stage 2 and for successful applications across the majority of components. In phase 2, frequency data showed that opinion on feedback was dependent on funding outcome. Content analysis revealed four main themes: ‘Committee transparency’; ‘Content validity and reliability’; ‘Additional support’; Recognition of effort and constraints’.ConclusionsThis study provides key insights and understanding into the quality, content and value of feedback provided to NIHR applicants. The study identified key areas for improvement that can arise in NIHR funding applications, as well as in the feedback given to applicants that are applicable to other funding organisations. These findings could be used to inform funding application guidance documents to help researchers strengthen their applications and used more widely by other funders to inform their feedback processes.

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