Screen Content Quality Assessment: Overview, Benchmark, and Beyond

Screen content, which is often computer-generated, has many characteristics distinctly different from conventional camera-captured natural scene content. Such characteristic differences impose major challenges to the corresponding content quality assessment, which plays a critical role to ensure and improve the final user-perceived quality of experience (QoE) in various screen content communication and networking systems. Quality assessment of such screen content has attracted much attention recently, primarily because the screen content grows explosively due to the prevalence of cloud and remote computing applications in recent years, and due to the fact that conventional quality assessment methods can not handle such content effectively. As the most technology-oriented part of QoE modeling, image/video content/media quality assessment has drawn wide attention from researchers, and a large amount of work has been carried out to tackle the problem of screen content quality assessment. This article is intended to provide a systematic and timely review on this emerging research field, including (1) background of natural scene vs. screen content quality assessment; (2) characteristics of natural scene vs. screen content; (3) overview of screen content quality assessment methodologies and measures; (4) relevant benchmarks and comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art; (5) discussions on generalizations from screen content quality assessment to QoE assessment, and other techniques beyond QoE assessment; and (6) unresolved challenges and promising future research directions. Throughout this article, we focus on the differences and similarities between screen content and conventional natural scene content. We expect that this review article shall provide readers with an overview of the background, history, recent progress, and future of the emerging screen content quality assessment research.

No need for the needle. A qualitative analysis of the antivax movement in Romania

The antivax movement is now a constant phenomenon with increasing social implications. This study explores how the antivax movement is articulated in Romania on the basis of qualitative analysis applied to interviews. Our pilot study focuses on the opinions of 100 persons who oppose vaccination interviewed between 2017 and 2020. We conducted both face-to-face and online semistructured interviews to trace the factors determining attitudes against vaccination. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first such extended study to target individuals rather than groups or media discourse. We strive to provide a multifaceted view on how the antivax phenomenon is taking shape. Responses varied in style and length, so we needed to systematize the narratives. We filtered the answers using the interpretive net described by Entman (1993), thereby grouping the main narratives into four sections. We then reconstructed the implicit frames used by individuals in interpreting their position. We consider content quality analysis to be a relevant method to reveal the facets and depth of the antivax phenomenon, thereby enabling more complex explanations. We compare the results of this study with rationales stemming from similar investigations conducted around the world and then highlight opinions specific to the Romanian public.

Pricing Strategies of Registration System and Transaction System in Live Broadcast Platform

This paper investigates a supply chain consisting of the monopoly live broadcast platform, content producers, and consumers. Based on the two-sided market theory, the platform’s pricing strategies and their analysis are considered under the registration system and the transaction system. Firstly, it shows that platform users’ scale and profit are positively correlated with the intergroup network externality from both sides and the intragroup network externality inside the consumer group and negatively correlated with the intragroup network externality inside the content producer group. Secondly, the platform profit, registration fee charged to content producers, and transaction fee charged to consumers are negatively correlated to the content production cost and positively related to consumers’ content quality sensitivity coefficient. When consumers are more sensitive to content quality, they are positively correlated to content quality. Finally, the registration fee charged by the platform to consumers is positively correlated with the content production cost, negatively correlated with the content quality level, and positively associated with the consumer content quality sensitivity coefficient.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on knowledge sharing in UK higher education

Purpose The paper aims to explore “content” factors influencing consumptive and contributive use of enterprise social networking within UK higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The methodology uses genre analysis and grounded theory to analyse empirical data from posts obtained through Microsoft Yammer and a focus group. Findings The findings reveal the motivators-outcomes-strategies and the barriers-outcomes-strategies of users. Motivators (M) include feature value, Information value, organizational requirement and adequate organizational and technical support. Barriers (B) include six factors, including resisting engagement on the online platform, emotional anxiety, loss of knowledge, the lack of organizational pressure, lack of content quality and lack of time. An Outcomes (O) framework reveals benefits and dis-benefits and strategies (S) relating to improving user engagement. Practical implications The research method and resultant model may serve as guidelines to higher educational establishments interested in motivating their staff and scholars around the use of enterprise social network (ESN) systems, especially during face-to-face restrictions. Originality/value This research study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic which provides a unique setting to examine consumptive and contributive user behaviour of ESN’s. Furthermore, the study develops a greater understanding of “content” factors leading to the benefits or dis-benefits of ESN use, drawing on user motivators, barriers and strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK education.

The Relationship between Persuasion Cues and Idea Adoption in Virtual Crowdsourcing Communities

Building on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and absorptive capacity, this study develops a four-dimensional model of idea adoption in Virtual Crowdsourcing Communities (VCCs) and examines the influence of different persuasion cues on idea adoption. The research model was tested using hierarchical logistic regression based on a dataset from the Tableau community. The results show that both community recognition of users and community recognition of ideas are positively related to idea adoption. Proactive user engagement has a significant positive impact on idea adoption, while reactive user engagement has no significant impact. Idea content quality, represented by idea length and supporting arguments, has an inverted U-shaped relationship with idea adoption. Community absorptive capacity positively moderates the curvilinear relationship between idea content quality and idea adoption. These results contribute to a better elucidation of the persuasion mechanisms underlying idea adoption in VCCs, and thus provide important implications for open innovation research and practice.

Translation Strategies and Quality of Metaphor in “Twilight” Novel By Stephanie Meyer

This study focused on the analysis of the translation strategies and resulted translation quality in rendering metaphors found in the Twilight novel. The analysis involved the translation strategies by Newmark (1988) and translation quality by Hartono (2016). The results showed that there were seven translation strategies utilized by the translator in rendering the metaphors in the Twilight novel from Indonesian into English with total metaphors were 164. Those metaphors were translated using translation strategies: reproducing the same metaphorical image in the target language 48 times (29%), replacing the metaphorical image in the source language with a standard metaphorical image in the target language with 25 times (15%), translating metaphor by simile by maintaining the metaphorical image with 20 times (12%), translating metaphor by simile plus sense with 13 times (8%), converting a metaphor to its sense or meaning only with 44 times (29%), deleting metaphor with 7 times (4%), and translating metaphor by the same metaphor with the sense or meaning added with 7 times (4%). In terms of content quality, the translation of metaphors was dominated by good content, presentation, and mechanics quality. Moreover, the application of each translation strategy would result in different types of translation quality in terms of content, presentation and mechanics. In addition, it is suggested that the employment of translation strategy in rendering metaphor should consider deeply the existence of the same metaphor both in the source language and target language because the quality of the translation will be determined by the translation strategies.

Assessment of available online educational resources for patients with atrial fibrillation (Preprint)

BACKGROUND A diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) often leads patients to search online for information, which can expose them to information of varied quality. OBJECTIVE We conducted a qualitative systematic review of websites for patients that contain information regarding AF. METHODS The following terms were searched on 3 search engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing): AF for patients, What is AF, AF patient information, AF educational resources. Inclusion criteria were websites with a focus on comprehensive AF information, containing information about treatment options, and written in English. We excluded websites requiring membership subscription, linked to abstracts or manuscripts, or developed by private clinics. We used the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P/PEMAT-AV) for printable/audio-visual material to assess understandability and actionability (score range 0-100). Those with PEMAT scores of >70 meaning acceptable understandability and actionability, underwent DISCERN score to assess information content quality and reliability (score range 0-80). RESULTS The search yielded a total 720 websites which underwent full review. After excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria, 48 underwent full scoring. Mean overall PEMAT-P score was 68.5±17.2. Mean PEMAT-AV score was 61.1±9.4. Of the websites that scored >70% PEMAT-P, 20 (42%) underwent DISCERN scoring. Mean DISCERN score was 54.7±4.5. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide variation in the understandably, actionability and quality of websites that provide information to patients with most websites not providing patient level materials. Knowledge of quality websites could provide an important adjunct for improving individuals’ knowledge about their condition

Developing Methods to Evaluate Content Quality of Dementia Websites

With the popularity of the Internet, consumers are likely to resort to websites for dementia information. However, they may not have the knowledge or experience in distinguishing quality information from opinion pieces. This study investigated the developing methods, instruments and parameters for evaluating the content quality of dementia websites. By reviewing 18 existing instruments from the relevant literature, we identified four developing methods – questionnaire survey, automatic evaluation, Delphi method and focus group discussion. These instruments include six parameters – reliability, currency, readability, disclosure, objectivity and relevance – to evaluate the content quality. With the significant social and economic impact of dementia, developing specific instruments to measure the content quality of dementia websites is necessary.

Retrospective Study of Inspectors Competency in the Act of Writing GMP Inspection Report

The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made use of quantitative analysis to investigate each team’s expertise in the act of writing GMP inspection report. Likewise, each report’s compliance with the requirements of three regulatory standards on GMP inspection report writing was ascertained. Impact of intervention program on lead inspectors’ competence was assessed. Lastly, gap in each team writing effectiveness, and lead inspectors’ abilities to deliver an effective report were determined. The results showed one of the inspection team (4.0%) wrote an excellent report. Two (8.0%) of the twenty-five inspection teams penned good inspection reports. Eleven (44.0%) teams drafted needs improvement reports and the remaining eleven teams (44.0%) prepared unacceptable reports. The excellent report and the two good reports had report format that meet expectation. One (50.0%) of the good reports showed the authors possess excellent knowledge of cGMP technical areas. The remain good report (50.0%) revealed the writers’ knowledge.as good. The excellent report showed the authors displayed partial mastery in the use of objective evidence while the two good reports disclosed theirs as having partial and evolving abilities. One of the teams (50.0%) that wrote good reports displayed good use of third person narrative past tense in report writing whereas the other team used the same tense and voice excellently. Generally, a sort of marginal level of performance was prominent among the inspection teams. A gap, if not tackled, will slow down regulatory process through increase report review, litigations that query report factual accuracy (AIHO, 2017) and delay in issuance of marketing authorization. In conclusion, trainings on quality attributes, such as technical content (Quality Management System (QMS) and Site), the use of objective evidence, assignment of risk levels to GMP violations and citing of applicable laws, regulation and guidelines that substantiate GMP observations, were recommended, to enhance knowledge sharing and regulators’ performance in the act of writing inspection report.

How users' perceived prosumption activities influence co-creation experiences and co-creation intentions?

PurposeThe paper aims to explore how perceived prosumer content quality (PPCQ) and perceived interaction quality (PIQ) improve users' co-creation experiences and subsequently influence their co-creation intentions in the future. In addition, the paper examines users' prosumer ability into consideration.Design/methodology/approachThe research model based on stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm is developed to observe users' participation in value co-creation activities. In total, 318 valid responses were collected from a survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the model and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) PROCESS macro (Model 58) by Hayes was applied to investigate the moderating effect of prosumer ability in mediation paths.FindingsIt is observed that co-creation intention is determined by user-learning value, social-integrative value and hedonic value, which are influenced by PPCQ and PIQ. Besides, uses' prosumer ability moderates the indirect effects of PPCQ and PIQ on co-creation intentions through co-creation experiences.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a prosumption perspective to explain users' co-creation intentions in social commerce and proposes the importance of user-learning, social-integrative and hedonic values in determining co-creation intentions.Practical implicationsSocial commerce platforms can encourage prosumption activities and cultivate multi-level prosumers to achieve a win–win situation.Originality/valueLittle prior research has explicitly examined how and why users participate in value co-creation activities in social commerce from prosumption perspective. The current paper seeks to fill this gap and open new avenues for other value co-creation researchers.