A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

Abstract Background: In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status.Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled dead deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector-borne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.

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First results of prophylaxis for bacterial and fungal infections in pediatric patients with high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.10065 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10065-10065

Author(s):

Annick Beaugrand ◽

Renato Guedes Oliveira ◽

Ethel Gorender ◽

Renato Melaragno ◽

Sidnei Epelman

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Intensive Therapy ◽

Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Published Data ◽

Intensive Chemotherapy ◽

First Results ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

10065 Background: Bacterial and invasive fungal infections remain a major contributor to treatment related morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. It has been published data of potential prevention; in immunocompromised hosts derive primarily from adult studies. However, children differ from adults in terms of the infections types as they develop or manifest, as well as their metabolism of treatment agents. From April 2010 to January 2011, 6 ALL patients received 35 intensive chemotherapy cycles during the first 6 months after diagnosis, 2 died due to infection. Methods: From April 2011 to January 2012, a prospective analysis in 8 high risk ALL patients ( BFM criteria) after 31 cycles of intensive chemotherapy were performed during the first 6 months of treatment followed by antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis. Drugs are: ciprophloxacin 1000mg per day when weight highest than 30 kg and 500mg per day when lower weigh and fluconazole 100mg per day for the lower weigh and 150mg for the higher. All patient received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after each cycles until complete neutrophils recovery. Results: In 20/31 cycles, hospitalization was needed, due to febrile neutropenia. Diarrhea, sepsis and renal failure were other reasons for hospitalization. Platelet transfusions and blood transfusions were performed in 12 and 9 hospitalization respectively. The majority of proven infections (n=7) were bacterial, Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp), Gram positive, Candida (1 cycle). Hospitalization time was between 2 and 25 days (median time 10 days). In 4 cycles, intensive care unit was needed. No death occurred. Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving intensive therapy. Pharmacologic prophylaxis can contribute to decrease mortality due to infection in this population.

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A participatory approach to marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality passive surveillance in Argentina: first results.

10.21203/rs.2.21453/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Marcela Orozco ◽

Hernán D. Argibay ◽

Leonardo Minatel ◽

Eliana C. Guillemi ◽

Yanina Berra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Participatory Approach ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Winter Mortality ◽

Passive Surveillance ◽

Wildlife Diseases ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Study Results ◽

Blastocerus Dichotomus

Abstract Background: The comprehensive approach to diseases in broad ecological contexts appears as a new challenge for global health. Winter mortality of marsh deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus ) was historically described in Argentina even though field difficulties prevented their in-depth study. Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality through passive surveillance in the two largest populations in Argentina using a participatory approach. The latter spanned a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled dead deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained reference haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus . Vector-borne agents (VBAs), such as Theileria cervi , Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale , and Candidatus Anaplasma boolense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis , and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. The histopathological findings in succumbed animals allowed us to distinguish lesions associated with their body condition from those that were unrelated. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.

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Discussion of the Oblique Rotator Model Cases Of 108 Aqr and x Serp.

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080891 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 577-588

Author(s):

C. Mégessier ◽

V. Khokhlova ◽

T. Ryabchikova

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Formulation ◽

The Other ◽

Rotator Model ◽

Oblique Rotator ◽

First Results

My talk will be on the oblique rotator model which was first proposed by Stibbs (1950), and since received success and further developments. I shall present two different attempts at describing a star according to this model and the first results obtained in the framework of a Russian-French collaboration in order to test the precision of the two methods. The aim is to give the best possible representation of the element distributions on the Ap stellar surfaces. The first method is the mathematical formulation proposed by Deutsch (1958-1970) and applied by Deutsch (1958) to HD 125248, by Pyper (1969) to α2CVn and by Mégessier (1975) to 108 Aqr. The other one was proposed by Khokhlova (1974) and used by her group.

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Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080477 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 109-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Vauclair

Keyword(s):

Convection Zone ◽

Diffusion Processes ◽

Meridional Circulation ◽

Diffusion Time ◽

Work In Progress ◽

First Results ◽

Stellar Envelopes ◽

And Diffusion ◽

Turbulence And Diffusion ◽

Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

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Investigation of cluster layers of small netal particles by TEM, SEM, EELS and by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100174382 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

H. Seiler ◽

U. Haas ◽

K.H. Körtje

Keyword(s):

Bulk Material ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Optical Methods ◽

Metal Particles ◽

Silver Particles ◽

Low Loss ◽

Plasmon Excitation ◽

First Results ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Small Metal Particles

The physical properties of small metal particles reveal an intermediate position between atomic and bulk material. Especially Ag has shown pronounced size effects. We compared silver layers evaporated in high vacuum with cluster layers of small silver particles, evaporated in N2 at a pressure of about 102 Pa. The investigations were performed by electron optical methods (TEM, SEM, EELS) and by Photoacoustic (PA) Spectroscopy (gas-microphone detection).The observation of cluster layers with TEM and high resolution SEM show small silver particles with diameters of about 50 nm (Fig. 1 and Figure 2, respectively). The electron diffraction patterns of homogeneous Ag layers and of cluster layers are similar, whereas the low loss EELS spectra due to plasmon excitation are quite different. Fig. 3 and Figure 4 show first results of EELS spectra of a cluster layer of small silver particles on carbon foil and of a homogeneous Ag layer, respectively.

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Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100150812 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 996-997

Author(s):

H.S. von Harrach ◽

D.E. Jesson ◽

S.J. Pennycook

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Field Emission ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

A Priori ◽

Dark Field ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Annular Dark Field ◽

First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

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Imaging of polymer single crystals in low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178665 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1106-1107

Author(s):

W.W. Adams ◽

G. Price ◽

A. Krause

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Polymer Surface ◽

Beam Current ◽

Image Features ◽

First Results ◽

Scanning Electron

It has been shown that there are numerous advantages in imaging both coated and uncoated polymers in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low voltages (LV) from 0.5 to 2.0 keV compared to imaging at conventional voltages of 10 to 20 keV. The disadvantages of LVSEM of degraded resolution and decreased beam current have been overcome with the new generation of field emission gun SEMs. In imaging metal coated polymers in LVSEM beam damage is reduced, contrast is improved, and charging from irregularly shaped features (which may be unevenly coated) is reduced or eliminated. Imaging uncoated polymers in LVSEM allows direct observation of the surface with little or no charging and with no alterations of surface features from the metal coating process required for higher voltage imaging. This is particularly important for high resolution (HR) studies of polymers where it is desired to image features 1 to 10 nm in size. Metal sputter coating techniques produce a 10 - 20 nm film that has its own texture which can obscure topographical features of the original polymer surface. In examining thin, uncoated insulating samples on a conducting substrate at low voltages the effect of sample-beam interactions on image formation and resolution will differ significantly from the effect at higher accelerating voltages. We discuss here sample-beam interactions in single crystals on conducting substrates at low voltages and also present the first results on HRSEM of single crystal morphologies which show some of these effects.

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