scholarly journals A participatory approach to marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality passive surveillance in Argentina: first results.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Marcela Orozco ◽  
Hernán D. Argibay ◽  
Leonardo Minatel ◽  
Eliana C. Guillemi ◽  
Yanina Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus

Abstract Background: The comprehensive approach to diseases in broad ecological contexts appears as a new challenge for global health. Winter mortality of marsh deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus ) was historically described in Argentina even though field difficulties prevented their in-depth study. Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality through passive surveillance in the two largest populations in Argentina using a participatory approach. The latter spanned a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled dead deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained reference haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus . Vector-borne agents (VBAs), such as Theileria cervi , Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale , and Candidatus Anaplasma boolense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis , and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. The histopathological findings in succumbed animals allowed us to distinguish lesions associated with their body condition from those that were unrelated. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.

scholarly journals A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Marcela Orozco ◽  
Hernán D. Argibay ◽  
Leonardo Minatel ◽  
Eliana C. Guillemi ◽  
Yanina Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Participatory Surveillance ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus

Abstract Background: In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status.Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled dead deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector-borne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.

scholarly journals Baseline studies on the health of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) populations from Argentina: laying the grounds for an improved interpretation of mortality episodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Marcela Orozco ◽  
Hernán D. Argibay ◽  
Leonardo Minatel ◽  
Eliana C. Guillemi ◽  
Yanina Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Amblyomma Triste ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus ◽  
Health Parameters

Abstract Background: The comprehensive approach to diseases in broad ecological contexts appears as a new challenge for global health and draws on baseline studies to detect changes in the occurrence of pathogens over time. Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) mortality episodes were described in Argentina and several pathogens associated with environmental and eco-epidemiological factors were indicated as risk factors. To date, the lack of basic health information on these populations has hampered interpretation of findings. This study aimed to provide baseline data on health parameters in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Results: Between May 2014 and December 2016 we determined health parameters in 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores, and studied the pathological lesions in dead animals. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector borne agents (VBAs), such as Theileria cervi. Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boolense were also found. Haemonchus spp, Ostertagia spp., Trichostrongylus spp. showed the highest infection prevalence. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis suggested a possible association of i) lower body score condition with high tick loads and infection with VBAs and, ii) the impoverished body score with high loads of nemathelminths and well-known harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our results contribute with knowledge on the life history and health aspects of marsh deer in the study areas. We provide data on the prevalent infectious and parasitic agents in their populations. A range of haematology and serum chemistryvalues, and the occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes were reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. The histopathological findings in succumbed animals allowed us to recognize injuries associated or not with their body condition. Our results are the first step in the creation of a baseline on marsh deer health in Argentina. In the future, these data added to new contributions could help improve the interpretation of the findings during mortality events.

scholarly journals A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marcela Orozco ◽  
Hernán D. Argibay ◽  
Leonardo Minatel ◽  
Eliana C. Guillemi ◽  
Yanina Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
First Results ◽  
Participatory Surveillance ◽  
Blastocerus Dichotomus

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Donkeys in Selected Abattoirs in Kenya

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Mulwa ◽  
Samuel Githigia ◽  
Davis Karanja ◽  
Cecilia Mbae ◽  
Eberhard Zeyhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Strongylus Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Setaria Equina

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys slaughtered in Kinamba, Mogotio, and Lodwar slaughterhouses and their association with several host factors. A survey was done between July and September 2017 in three slaughterhouses. Faecal samples were collected per rectum from all the study donkeys for faecal egg counts (EPG) and morphological identification of the eggs. At slaughter, the gastrointestinal tracts were opened and examined visually, and all helminth parasites collected were subjected to morphological identification. Prevalence and intensity were calculated based on the helminth identified and EPG. A total of 282 donkeys were sampled. A majority of the donkeys (89%) were in poor body condition. Ten helminth parasite species were identified in 85.5% donkeys. They were Strongylus vulgaris (52.8%), Parascaris equorum (20.2%), Strongylus edentatus (12.1%), Anaplocephala perfoliata (10.3%), Setaria equina (3.5%) Anaplocephala magna (2.5%), Cylicocyclus auriculatus (2.1%), Cyathostomum species (1.8%), Strongylus equinus (0.4%), and Triodontophorus serratus (0.4%). A significant percentage (55.3%) had no eggs in their feces, 39% had low infection, 5% had medium, and only 0.7% were heavily infected. Prevalence rates via use of the EPG showed Strongyles (44.7%), Parascaris equorum (5.3%), Oxyuris equi (11%), Triodontophorus tenuicolis (0.7%), Habronema species (0.7%), and cestodes eggs (0.4%). No significant differences were observed between fecal Strongylus egg count and age, sex, and pregnancy status. However, donkeys with poor body condition shed more Strongylus eggs in feces. Helminth infections are prevalent in donkeys in Kenya; however, this is not reflected in coprological analyses. These helminth parasites may contribute to poor body condition, ill health, and poor productivity of donkeys.

Evaluation of blood neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios according to plasma glucose status and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in patients with acromegaly

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Üçler ◽  
M Aslan ◽  
M Atmaca ◽  
M Alay ◽  
EN Ademoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Glucose Status

Introduction: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular diseases and malignancies are responsible for morbidity and mortality in acromegaly. Also these diseases are associated with chronic inflammation. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are currently gaining interest as new markers of inflammation. Moreover, increased morbidity and mortality are positively correlated with the presence of diabetes and levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in acromegaly. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between these markers and acromegaly according to plasma glucose status and serum IGF-1 levels. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 61 acromegaly patients who were in a newly diagnosed period (35 male, 26 female; mean age 38.13 ± 13.98). Patients with normal plasma glucose ( n = 27), impaired fasting glucose ( n = 18), and diabetes mellitus ( n = 16) were categorized into three different groups. NLR and PLR were compared between the study groups and were evaluated according to IGF-1 levels. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in NLR and PLR measurements among the study groups ( p > 0.05). However, there were significant positive correlations between NLR and IGF-1 levels and between PLR and IGF-1 levels when all patients were evaluated ( r = 0.334, p = 0.011 and r = 0.277, p = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first report studying the relationship of NLR and PLR with glucose status and IGF-1 levels in acromegaly patients. Our study results suggest that subclinical inflammation may play a role in increased incidence of mortality and morbidity, which depends on uncontrolled IGF-1 levels in patients with acromegaly.

scholarly journals Selection on innate immunity and body condition in Florida scrub-jays throughout an epidemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis E. Wilcoxen ◽  
Raoul K. Boughton ◽  
Stephan J. Schoech
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Health State ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Florida Scrub ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Selection Gradient ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Significant Positive Selection

Opportunities to investigate selection in free-living species during a naturally occurring epidemic are rare; however, we assessed innate immunocompetence in Florida scrub-jays before the population suffered the greatest over-winter mortality in 20 years of study. Propitiously, three months prior to the epidemic, we had sampled a number of male breeders to evaluate a suite of physiological measures that are commonly used to estimate the overall health-state of an individual. There was a significant, positive selection gradient for both Escherichia coli bacterial killing capability and body condition, suggesting that directional selection had occurred upon each of these traits during the disease epidemic.

Negative covariance between parasite load and body condition in a population of feral horses

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIE DEBEFFE ◽  
PHILIP D. MCLOUGHLIN ◽  
SARAH A. MEDILL ◽  
KATHRINE STEWART ◽  
DANIEL ANDRES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Field Season

SUMMARYIn wild and domestic animals, gastrointestinal parasites can have significant impacts on host development, condition, health, reproduction and longevity. Improving our understanding of the causes and consequences of individual-level variation in parasite load is therefore of prime interest. Here we investigated the relationship between strongyle fecal egg count (FEC) and body condition in a unique, naturalized population of horses that has never been exposed to anthelmintic drugs (Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada). We first quantified variation in FEC and condition for 447 individuals according to intrinsic (sex, age, reproductive status, social status) and extrinsic (group size, location, local density) variables. We then quantified the repeatability of measurements obtained over a field season and tested for covariance between FEC and condition. FECs were high relative to other horse populations (mean eggs per gram ± SD = 1543·28 ± 209·94). FECs generally decreased with age, were higher in lactatingvsnon-lactating females, and unexpectedly lower in males in some part of the island. FECs and condition were both spatially structured, with patterns depending on age, sex and reproductive status. FECs and condition were both repeatable. Most notably, FECs and condition were negatively correlated, especially in adult females.

scholarly journals POSTDATE PREGNANCIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 454-45
Author(s):  
MADIHA RASHID ◽  
SHAMAILA HALEEM ◽  
SADIA CHEEMA
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: The study was designed to determine the fetomaternal morbidity and mortality in post date pregnancies and tocalculate various modes of delivery in post date pregnancies in our set up. Study design: Non interventional descriptive study. Setting: GyneaUnit- III Services Hospital, Lahore. Material and methods: The data was collected with the help of Proforma which was filled for every patientdelivered at 40 weeks of gestation or above. The proforma included all points relevant to study. Results: The rate of meconium staining of liquor,fetal distress and caesarean section (C-section) increased significantly after 40 weeks gestation. Conclusion: The study shows that morechances of meconium staining, fetal distress and macrosomia in Post date patients. The study further shows that the induction and operativedeliveries are more common mode of deliveries in post date patients.

scholarly journals Development of Snakes and Ladders Game for Physical Fitness Employees of PT Best Profit Medan 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Jony Damanik ◽  
Tarsyad Nugraha ◽  
Suprayitno Suprayitno
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group Trial ◽  
Group Product

This research was conducted at PT Best Profit Medan. The research treatment was carried out by adjusting the schedule during work holidays. The time of this research was carried out from October 2020 to November 2020. Subjects or users targeted in research on the development of the snake and ladder game on physical fitness for employees of PT Best Profit Medan. The issues in the small group in this study were 20 employees of PT Best Profit Medan, and the subjects in the large group in this study were 40 employees of PT Best Profit Medan. The research subjects were taken based on the purposive sampling technique with the following criteria: 1) for women in healthy body condition and not in a state of pregnancy, 2) for men whose body condition was healthy and did not suffer from internal diseases. This research method is a development method. The study results are small group product trials. From the value obtained, it is known that the empirical score obtained is 78.87% (Appropriate to Use), so it can be stated that the snake and ladder game product is effective. Large group trial, the results above are the results of the questionnaire distributed to the experts attached in the attachment and then calculated. The acquisition of the expert revision in the small group trial is 98.44% (Very Appropriate to Use), but in extensive group trial studies, it has been no revisions from experts.

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