scholarly journals A retrospective study on transabdominal ultrasound measurements of the rumen wall thickness to evaluate chronic rumen acidosis in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Vanessa Faillace ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
Leonardo Armato ◽  
Matteo Gianesella
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Differentiation Efficiency ◽  
Operator Curve

Abstract Background Chronic and subacute rumen acidosis are economically important in the beef industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential suitability of the transabdominal ultrasonographic examination of the ruminal wall to diagnose chronic rumen acidosis in beef cattle compared to direct measurement of ruminal pH, as a fast non-invasive tool to be used in field condition. Ultrasonographic examination of the rumen was conducted in 478 beef cattle before rumenocentesis (chronic rumen acidosis group = pH ≤ 5.8; healthy group = pH ≥ 5.9). Rumen wall ultrasound measurements included rumen wall thickness (RWT) and rumen mucosa and submucosa thickness (RMST). Results The Analysis of Variance showed the high significant effect of the pH class for RWT and RMST (P < 0.001). Spearman RANK correlation analysis showed interaction between rumen pH and RWT (− 0.71; P < 0.0001) and RMST (− 0.75; P < 0.0001). A significant Spearman’s correlations were found between volatile fatty acids (VFA) and RWT and RMST. The differentiation efficiency of RWT between healthy and chronic rumen acidosis groups, as a result of the receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis, was quite good with an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.88: P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.83–0.98. Using a cut-off value of > 8.2 mm. The differentiation efficiency of RMST between healthy and chronic rumen acidosis groups, as a result of ROC curve analysis, was good with an AUROC of 0.90: p < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.85–0.94. Using a cut-off value of > 5.3 mm. Conclusions In this study, the thickening of RWT and RMST is correlated with the changes of ruminal pH. Transabdominal rumen ultrasound has the potential to become a powerful diagnostic tool useful to identify fattening bulls affected by chronic rumen acidosis.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Intraoperative Conversion to Total Thyroidectomy in Benign Goiters

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Samuel Olatoke ◽  
Olayide Agodirin ◽  
Ganiyu Rahman ◽  
Benjamin Bolaji ◽  
Habeeb Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Partial Thyroidectomy ◽  
Intraoperative Conversion ◽  
Operator Curve

Background: Decision to undertake total thyroidectomy when gross inspection of the gland raises suspicion of widespread degenerative changes is often intraoperative. Knowing the factors associated with intraoperative conversion to total thyroidectomy may assist preoperative counselling. This study describes the probability of conversion to total thyroidectomy and factors associated with con-version among patients hitherto planned for partial thyroidectomy. Methods: We reviewed 191 records and extracted data on patient demographics, the pre-operative radiograph findings, the weight of excised gland and the operation performed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Receiver operator curve was used to assess for cut-off point. P-value was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 191 records was reviewed consisting of 181 females (94.8% 95% CI 90.6-97.5) and 10 males (5.2%, 95%CI 2.5-9.4). Only nodular goiters required conversion to total thyroidectomy. The over-all probability of total thyroidectomy was 11%(95% CI 7.0-16.3). The probability of total thyroidectomy in female was 10.5%(95% CI 6.4-16.9) while in male was 20%(95% CI2.5-55.6). The probability of total thyroidectomy in a female with nodular goiter was 8.1%(95% CI 4.8-13.5), compared to 28.6%(95% CI 3.7-71) in males. The risk of total thyroidectomy was associated with the weight of the excised gland. Conclusion: Only nodular goiters required intraoperative conversion to total thyroidecto-my and the probability of conversion was higher in males.

scholarly journals Comparing the Predictive Power of Preoperative Risk Assessment Tools to Best Predict Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Kidney Transplant Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Colin P. Dunn ◽  
Emmanuel U. Emeasoba ◽  
Ari J. Holtzman ◽  
Michael Hung ◽  
Joshua Kaminetsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Preoperative Risk ◽  
Preoperative Risk Assessment ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Operator Curve

Background. Patients undergoing kidney transplantation have increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events due to histories of hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and dialysis. As such, they are especially in need of accurate preoperative risk assessment. Methods. We compared three different risk assessment models for their ability to predict major adverse cardiac events at 30 days and 1 year after transplant. These were the PORT model, the RCRI model, and the Gupta model. We used a method based on generalized U-statistics to determine statistically significant improvements in the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), based on a common major adverse cardiac event (MACE) definition. For the top-performing model, we added new covariates into multivariable logistic regression in an attempt to create further improvement in the AUC. Results. The AUCs for MACE at 30 days and 1 year were 0.645 and 0.650 (PORT), 0.633 and 0.661 (RCRI), and finally 0.489 and 0.557 (Gupta), respectively. The PORT model performed significantly better than the Gupta model at 1 year (p=0.039). When the sensitivity was set to 95%, PORT had a significantly higher specificity of 0.227 compared to RCRI’s 0.071 (p=0.009) and Gupta’s 0.08 (p=0.017). Our additional covariates increased the receiver operator curve from 0.664 to 0.703, but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.278). Conclusions. Of the three calculators, PORT performed best when the sensitivity was set at a clinically relevant level. This is likely due to the unique variables the PORT model uses, which are specific to transplant patients.

scholarly journals 79 Effect of source and dietary concentration of trace minerals on serum mineral status, ruminal pH, and ruminal volatile fatty acids in lactating Holstein dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Nicole T Briggs ◽  
Bayissa Hatew ◽  
Michael A Steele
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dietary Concentration

Abstract Inorganic sources of trace minerals are commonly supplemented in dairy cow diets; however, there has been an increase in the supplementation of minerals complexed with organic compounds. These organic trace minerals are thought to have greater bioavailability which may enhance rumen fermentation and absorption. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary concentration and source of supplemental trace minerals on serum trace mineral status and rumen fermentation. Six lactating Holstein cows were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 23-day adaptation and 5-day experimental period. Cows were fed the same basal diet daily except for the difference in source [organic (ORG) versus inorganic (INO)] and concentration (50%, 100%, and 200% based on NRC recommendations) of trace mineral supplemented. During the experimental period feed intake and blood were collected daily. Rumen fluid was collected on the final two days of the experimental period. Data was analyzed with PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Dry matter intake (18.1 ± 0.70 kg), serum mineral concentrations (Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn), and rumen pH (6.5 ± 0.64) did not differ among the treatments. However, serum concentration of Co was higher in 200% ORG compared to 50% and 100% INO and 50% ORG. Ruminal concentration of acetate was higher in 50% and 100% ORG compared to 200% ORG. Butyrate ruminal concentration was higher at 50% ORG compared to 200% ORG. Ruminal propionate concentration was higher in 50% INO and 50% ORG compared to 100% INO and 200% ORG. These findings demonstrate serum trace mineral status and ruminal pH are not tightly controlled by the source of trace minerals when supplemented at 50%, 100% and 200% of the NRC recommendations, however rumen fermentation may be affected by the dietary concentration of trace minerals in the diet.

Ruminal pH predictions for beef cattle: Comparative evaluation of current models

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1741-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sarhan ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mancoba Mangwe ◽  
Racheal Bryant ◽  
Pablo Gregorini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) into the traditional feeding regime of ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne L./Trifolium repens L.), and time of its allocation on milk production, rumen fermentation, and FA composition of milk and rumen digesta of dairy cows. Nine groups of four cows were allocated one of three replicated feeding regimes: (1) ryegrass/white clover only (RGWC), (2) ryegrass/white clover + morning allocation of chicory (CHAM), and (3) ryegrass/white clover + afternoon allocation of chicory (CHPM). One cow per group had a rumen cannulae fitted. Treatment did not affect total grazing time or estimated dry matter intake, but cows ruminated more when fed RGWC than chicory. Allocating chicory in the afternoon elevated milk production compared with RGWC and CHAM. Milk from cows grazing chicory contained greater concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) such as C18:3 c9, 12, 15 and C18:2 c9, 12 than those on RGWC. As with milk, rumen digesta concentration of PUFA increased when cows grazed on chicory rather than RGWC, which corresponded with lower concentrations of intermediate vaccenic and biohydrogenation end-product stearic acid for cows grazing on chicory. Mean ruminal pH was lower for cows offered chicory than those on RGWC, reflecting greater rumen concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) for cows fed chicory. Allocating chicory during the afternoon is a useful strategy that can translate to improved milk production. The lower rumen pH, lower concentration of vaccenic and stearic acids, and elevated concentration of PUFA in the rumen of cows fed chicory suggest reduced biohydrogenation and may explain the elevated concentration of PUFA in the milk of cows fed chicory compared with those fed RGWC.

Effect of banana flower powder on rumen fermentation, synthesis of microbial protein and nutrient digestibility in swamp buffaloes

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Sungchhang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Banana Flower

Replacement of chemical compounds by dietary sources as rumen enhancers have been of great interest and concern by researchers. Four, rumen-fistulated swamp buffalo bulls with average liveweight of 365 ± 15.0 kg were randomly assigned to treatments, to investigate the impact of banana flower powder (BAFLOP) as a rumen modifier on pH, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and volatile fatty acids. All buffaloes were allotted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Dietary supplementation treatments were as follows: 2 g concentrate/kg bodyweight (BW; T1), 15 g concentrate/kg BW (T2), 15 g concentrate/kg BW plus BAFLOP 300 g/head.day (T3) and 15 g concentrate/kg BW plus BAFLOP 600 g/head.day (T4). Untreated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The findings showed that total feed intake was increased in buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with concentrate at 2 g/kg BW, while rice straw intake was reduced. Nutrient digestibility was increased by BAFLOP supplementation at both levels (T3 and T4; P &lt; 0.05). Ruminal pH dropped (5.9) in buffaloes fed with concentrate at 15 g/kg BW, while buffaloes with BAFLOP supplementation could maintain ruminal pH when fed with high-concentrate diet. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen increased in the buffaloes fed concentrate at 15 g/kg BW, especially with BAFLOP supplementation. Feeding high-concentrate diet increased the concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid (C3), while the concentration of acetic acid and the acetic acid:C3 ratio and methane production were subsequently reduced (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was increased by the BAFLOP feeding (P &lt; 0.05). In the present study, using BAFLOP as a dietary rumen enhancer at 300–600 g/head.day resulted in an increased rumen pH, C3 concentration, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, while mitigating ruminal methane production. Higher nutrient digestibility and lower ruminal methane production, more dietary energy and production efficiency are expected.

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