scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mancoba Mangwe ◽  
Racheal Bryant ◽  
Pablo Gregorini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) into the traditional feeding regime of ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne L./Trifolium repens L.), and time of its allocation on milk production, rumen fermentation, and FA composition of milk and rumen digesta of dairy cows. Nine groups of four cows were allocated one of three replicated feeding regimes: (1) ryegrass/white clover only (RGWC), (2) ryegrass/white clover + morning allocation of chicory (CHAM), and (3) ryegrass/white clover + afternoon allocation of chicory (CHPM). One cow per group had a rumen cannulae fitted. Treatment did not affect total grazing time or estimated dry matter intake, but cows ruminated more when fed RGWC than chicory. Allocating chicory in the afternoon elevated milk production compared with RGWC and CHAM. Milk from cows grazing chicory contained greater concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) such as C18:3 c9, 12, 15 and C18:2 c9, 12 than those on RGWC. As with milk, rumen digesta concentration of PUFA increased when cows grazed on chicory rather than RGWC, which corresponded with lower concentrations of intermediate vaccenic and biohydrogenation end-product stearic acid for cows grazing on chicory. Mean ruminal pH was lower for cows offered chicory than those on RGWC, reflecting greater rumen concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) for cows fed chicory. Allocating chicory during the afternoon is a useful strategy that can translate to improved milk production. The lower rumen pH, lower concentration of vaccenic and stearic acids, and elevated concentration of PUFA in the rumen of cows fed chicory suggest reduced biohydrogenation and may explain the elevated concentration of PUFA in the milk of cows fed chicory compared with those fed RGWC.

scholarly journals Effect of ruminal mechanical stimulating brushes on the performance of lactating Holstein dairy cows

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Radko Loucka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that artificial brushes administered to the rumen can partially replace the function of structural fibre, and increase milk production or quality. To mitigate the risks of feeding low levels of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF) to cattle, the administration of ruminal mechanical stimulating (RMS) brushes was examined in 22 high-yielding lactating Holstein dairy cows. The cows were divided into an experimental group equipped with RMS brushes and a control group without RMS. Cows were fed four experimental total mixed rations (TMR) consisting of fixed amounts of alfalfa silage, maize silage, rush corn cob mix silage and different proportions of brewer’s grains, concentrate and wheat straw. The TMRs had the following 4 peNDF contents: 10.9 %, 13.0 %, 12.6 % and 14.0 %. The duration of the experiment was 18 weeks. All cows were fed TMRs with a low structural fibre content near levels associated with a risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). For the RMS brush group, 3 RMS brushes were inserted orally into the rumen using a special applicator. The effects of RMS brushes on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production were evaluated. Ruminal fluid (250 mL) was taken using a stomach tube for pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen analysis. A significant increase was found for the feed intake and milk yield of the RMS group fed the TMRs with 13.0 % peNDF although no relationship between peNDF content and RMS TMRs was found. No significant increase in milk quality, rumen pH or rumen fermentation metabolites was declared for the group with RMS brushes. Although RMS brush technology only partially reduced the requirements for peNDF, it may decrease the risk of SARA.

scholarly journals Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Dried Sardines

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. AI-Abri ◽  
C.D. Lu ◽  
R.J. Early ◽  
A. Srikandakumar ◽  
O. Mahgoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Continuous Feeding

To utilize locally available feed resources with livestock production in hot climates, dried sardines were incorporated into diets for lactating dairy cows. Fourteen Holstein and 13 Australian Milk Zebu multiparous cows were used in a 70-day continuous feeding experiment. lsonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either soybean meal or dried sardines (supplied 40% of dietary crude protein) were fed ad - libitum. Comparisons between diets were made during the 7-week experimental period. The experiment was conducted as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatment, with diet and breed as main factors. Ruminal pH, ammonia N, total and individual volatile fatty acids concentrations were not altered by the feeding of dried sardines. Intakes of dry matter, energy, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber were lower (P<0.05) in both breeds of cows fed dried sardines. Intakes of ether extract and ash were higher (P<0.05) in cows fed dried sardines. Although it was not statistically significant, milk production was higher (P>0.05) in Holstein cows fed dried sardines than those fed the control diet (16.2 vs 15.1 kg/d). Feeding of dried sardines did not affect milk composition and compositional yields. Milk production was higher (P<0.01) in Holstein than Australian Milk Zebu cows. Effect of diet and breed interaction on milk production was significant (P<0.01 ). Potential of feeding marine proteins may be higher for higher milk producers (Holstein) than lower producers (Australian Milk Zebu). Reproduction parameters, body condition scores, and heat-stress associated parameters were not affected by the feeding of dried sardines. This study suggests that dried sardines could be incorporated into diets of lactating dairy cows without affecting milk production.

The effect of feeding maize silage 1 h or 9 h before the herbage meal on dry matter intake, milk production, nitrogen partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Al-Marashdeh ◽  
P. Gregorini ◽  
S. L. Greenwood ◽  
G. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Condition Score

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the timing of feeding maize silage before a short herbage meal on dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, nitrogen (N) partitioning and rumen function of lactating dairy cows. Ten lactating, pregnant, Friesian × Jersey rumen-fistulated dairy cows aged 4–5 years were blocked in pairs by milksolids (MS; sum of protein and fat) production (1.73 ± 0.097 kg MS/cow.day; mean ± s.d.), bodyweight (519 ± 24.7 kg), days in milk (163 ± 12.5), and body condition score (3.9 ± 0.21). Cows within pairs were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: (1) five cows were offered one-third of their estimated total DM intake (5 kg/cow.day) as maize silage after the afternoon milking at 1500 hours, ~1 h before herbage was provided (1BH); (2) five cows were offered one-third of their estimated total DM intake as maize silage after morning milking at 0700 hours, ~9 h before herbage was provided (9BH). All cows were offered two-thirds of their total estimated DM intake (11 kg/cow.day) over a period of 4 h from 1600 hours to 2000 hours as freshly cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in an indoor system. Cows were adapted to diets for 9 days (Days 1–9), followed by 5 days of measurement (Days 10–14). Maize silage DM intake did not differ between treatments averaging 5.1 kg DM/cow.day. Herbage DM intake was greater (P = 0.02) for 9BH (11.2 kg DM/cow.day) than 1BH (10.4 kg DM/cow.day). Milk yield (P = 0.001) and MS production (P = 0.08) were greater for 9BH than 1BH (18.8 vs 15.4 kg/cow.day and 1.63 vs 1.48 kg MS/cow.day, respectively). There was no effect of time of supplementation on N partitioned to milk, faeces, or urine. The purine derivatives to creatinine ratio, as an indication of microbial protein production, was greater (P = 0.04) for 9BH than 1BH. Daily mean rumen pH and the concentration of total rumen volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and ammonia N were not affected by treatment. However, the peak concentration of ruminal ammonia N was 27% lower (P < 0.05) for 9BH than 1BH. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid (P = 0.03) and beta-hydroxy butyric acid (P = 0.01) were greater for 1BH than 9BH (0.14 vs 0.09 and 0.81 vs 0.71 mmol/L, respectively). These results indicate that under herbage feed restriction, altering the time of supplementation relative to the herbage meal can increase herbage DM intake and subsequent milk production.

scholarly journals The Ruminal Acidosis’s effect over the Milk production in dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2788-2792
Author(s):  
VASILE BOGHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis

The ruminal acidosis is a decrease in the ruminal pH by the accumulation of acidic metabolites at this level. As a result, the proportion of ruminal volatile fatty acids and glycaemia changes with immediate repercussions on the milk production. Of the total ruminant-reticular indigestions diagnosed in a lot of 370 cows, 37.9% were represented by ruminal acidosis. Out of these, most of the cases (90.9%) had a subacute evolution, which implies difficulties of diagnosis under farm conditions. On the other hand, the amount of milk was, on average, smaller with 1.7 liters in cows with ruminal acidosis compared to the clinically healthy cows. Milk fat decreased from 3.8% to 2.8% in sick cows, by an average of 1% and had a coefficient of variation of individual values almost double compared to the values obtained in clinically healthy cows. This shows the direct implication of ruminal acidosis over milk production. Appart of ruminal paresis and indigestion, milk production’s impairment is an important clinical sign in most of the dairy cows with ruminal acidosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Salt Blocks Containing Sodium Bicarbonate or Selenium on Ruminal pH, Rumen Fermentation and Milk Production and Composition in Crossbred Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Hathaichanok Insoongnern ◽  
Wuttikorn Srakaew ◽  
Tipwadee Prapaiwong ◽  
Napongphot Suphrap ◽  
Saisamorn Potirahong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference

Ruminal pH is an important physiological parameter that regulates microbe activity; optimizing ruminal pH may improve rumen fermentation and milk production. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or selenium (Se) in mineral salt block (MSB) supplementation on ruminal pH, rumen fermentation, milk yield and composition in Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows. Four crossbred dairy cows with an initial weight of 456 ± 6 kg in mid-lactation were assigned at random using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The experiments were divided into four periods, each lasting 21 days. Each cow was fed a basal diet supplemented with a different type of mineral salt block: a control with no MSB supplementation, and MSB groups with MSB containing NaHCO3 (MSB-Na), MSB containing Se (MSB-Se), and conventional commercial MSB (MSB-Com). MSB-Na contained NaHCO3 (500 g/kg) to prevent acidosis, MSB-Se contained organic Se (15 mg/kg) as an antioxidant, and MSB-Com was a positive control mineral salt block. The results show that there was no significant difference in feed intake between treatments, but there was a significant difference in mineral salt intake between treatments (p < 0.05). Supplementing mineral blocks had no effect on nutrient intake or apparent digestibility (p > 0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between treatments at 0 and 1 h post-feeding, but at 2 and 4 h post-feeding, ruminal pH in cows fed MSB-Na and MSB-Se was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than it was in cows fed MSB-Com and the control. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetic, propionic, butyric, and ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen were not influenced by mineral blocks supplementation. Milk yield, milk composition and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were not affected by supplementing mineral blocks. However, compared with the control, the somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk was reduced (p < 0.05) by supplementation with the mineral salt block. Based on the results of the experiments, it was concluded that MSB-Na or MSB-Se supplementation improved ruminal pH while having no effect on feed intake, rumen fermentation, milk yield, or composition, though it did reduce SCC in milk. However, additional research should be conducted to investigate the effect of MSB on rumen ecology and milk production in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.

scholarly journals Effect of time of supplementary feeding on intake, apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation of grass hay by sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
A. R. Mantecón ◽  
I. A. Wright ◽  
I. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Male Sheep

AbstractEffects of time of supplementation on forage intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation were studied with 12 mature castrated male sheep (wethers) offered grass hay from 16.30 h to 09.30 h and supplemented with a cereal-based concentrate given at either 09.30 or 16.00 h. Voluntary intake of hay organic matter (OM) was decreased by feeding the concentrate (P< 0·01). Offering concentrate at 09.30 h after hay was available, increased intake of hay and total OM compared with offering it at 16.00 h before hay was available (P< 0·05). Daily pattern of hay intake was not changed when concentrate was offered at 09.30 h compared with feeding hay alone, but concentrate given at 16.00 h resulted in a lower hay intake between 16.30 and 18.00 h. Sheep offered concentrate at 09.30 h had higher rumen ammonia levels than those offered concentrate at 16.00 h, but there were no differences in the apparent digestibility of the nutrients, rumen pH and molar proportions of the main volatile fatty acids. There were also no differences between groups in the blood plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate (30HB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose. It is concluded that feeding supplement after rather than before a period of intake of forage or a bout of grazing may offer a means of minimizing reduction of forage intake as a consequence of feeding concentrate.

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